The E3 project aims to design cognitive radio systems and gradually evolve wireless networks for increased efficiency. The project involves network operators, equipment manufacturers, regulators and academia. It focuses on using cognitive radio concepts like dynamic spectrum allocation and selection to flexibly use spectrum between operators. This allows systems like LTE-Advanced to potentially use opportunistic spectrum access. The project also examines reconfigurable base stations and terminals, cognition enablers like a cognitive pilot channel, and self-optimization of radio networks.

1. E3
Cognitive Radio:
Industry Perspective
Jens Gebert
Alcatel-Lucent
First IBBT-MIT Joint Workshop on Cognitive Radio Standardization & Markets
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 1

2. E3 E3 – Overview
E3 is an European Project on End-to-End-Efficiency under the 7th Framework
Program of the European Commission, addressing the core of the strategic
objective "The Network of the Future"
Top Level Objectives:
• Cognitive Radio System design
• Gradual, non-disruptive evolution of
wireless networks
• Increased efficiency of wireless
network operations
Project Duration:
• Jan. 2008 – Dec. 2009
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 2

3. E3 E3 - Partners
Network Equipment
operators (4) manufacturers
Bell Labs Germany
(6)
project coordinator
End-to End Efficiency
BUPT
Regulators Academia /
(4) research institutes
(8)
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 3

4. E3Cognitive Radio Aspects: Evolution
Important Cognitive Radio Aspects from industry perspective:
Evolution of B3G systems to Cognitive Radio Systems
Support of heterogeneous standards
More efficient Joint Radio Resource Management (Short term)
⇒ Access Selection: Select the best radio access for a given
user/session based on service requirements, radio conditions,
network load, policies
3G
Radio
Operator 1
4G
Radio
Operator 2
WLAN
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 4

5. E3 Flexible Use of Spectrum
Flexible use of spectrum
Spectrum management for optimal spectrum usage
⇒ Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA):
• Spectrum control in the network
• Medium/long term radio resource optimisation
Day 1:
(Spectrum Operator A Operator B
auction)
Day X: Operator A Operator B
⇒ Dynamic Spectrum Selection (DSS):
• Spectrum control entity in the terminal
• short term radio resource optimisation
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 5

6. E3 Examples for Flexible Use of Spectrum
Flexible use of spectrum (cont.)
3GPP LTE-Advanced could use such Dynamic Spectrum Access
⇒ So far, no opportunistic spectrum access is addressed in 3GPP
specifications because licensed spectrum is assumed
⇒ However, this may change for LTE-Advanced
due to possibly up to 100 MHz bandwidth
⇒ Initial technical studies in 3GPP make more or less
reference to cognitive concepts, e.g. Dynamic Spectrum Access
IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN)
⇒ Focus on broadband access in rural areas, up to 100 km cell size
⇒ Uses spectrum of vacant DTV channels in the
VHF and UHF bands (between 54 MHZ and 862 MHZ)
⇒ Uses spectrum sensing & management for effective coexistence
and radio resource sharing with licensed services
⇒ Regulation requires e.g. the secondary users to vacate the channel
within 2 sec once primary user is detected.
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 6

7. E3 Reconfigurable Base Stations and Terminals
Reconfigurable base stations
⇒ Base Station Configuration and Reconfiguration to
maximise the networks efficiency
Multi Standard Base Station
UMTS
LTE
UMTS UMTS UMTS
LTE 5 MHz
LTE
Multi Standard Base Station
UMTS LTE
UMTS
LTE
15 MHz
LTE
Reconfigurable terminals
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 7

8. E3 Cognition Enablers
Cognition enablers - Especially for environment
with flexible spectrum management
⇒ Cognitive Pilot Channel
• Distributes information on
available radio accesses and
their spectrum
⇒ Cognitive Control Radio
• Exchange of Cognitive Control OPERATOR_INFO
RAT_TYPE = GSM, UMTS,
information between terminals RAT_LIST
WiMAX, LTE…
COVERAGE_EXTENSION =
⇒ Spectrum Sensing LOCAL/GLOBAL
COVERAGE_AREA
(optional)
FREQ_LIST
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 8

9. E3 More than Cognitive Radio:
Self-X and Cognition in Radio Networks
Self-X: Self-configuration, Self-optimisation, self-healing
⇒ for single-RAT networks
as well as heterogeneous networks
⇒ Spectrum selection, inter-cell interference coordination
⇒ Cell-outage compensation, cell self-reconfiguration
⇒ Handover optimisation, load balancing
optimised
radio
parameters
self- deployment
operational of new
self-optimisation mode configuration cells & nodes
Performance
monitoring
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 9

10. E3 The pillars of the architecture
Multi /
Meta
DSM/DSA Operator
Dynamic
CPC CCR Spectrum
Management Single
Cognitive Pilot Channel
Cognitive Control Radio
Operator
ASCM JRRM
Joint Radio Multi
DSNPM Resource Radio
Autonomic Dynamic and Management
and Self- Self-
RCM SS organizing organizing
Cognitive Network
Management Planning
RRM Radio
Spectrum
Reconfig- Radio Technology
Sensing
and
uration Management Resource Specific
Control and Mgmt
Management
Vendor Specific
SW/HW
Cognitive Pilot Channel
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 10

11. E3 Heterogeneous Wireless System and
Functional Building Blocks
Operation & Management
Radio
Access Core
BSC SGSN Network
FBS PCRF
HSS MME
Multi-Receiver
Terminal
RNC
SAE Serving SAE PDN
Gateway Gateway
FBS
Single-Receiver Terminal,
reconfigurable ePDG
FBS: Flexible Base Station WLAN
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 11

12. E3 Regulation/Standardization and E3
Regulation
E3 Fields of Interest
in Standardization
Autonomic and
Cognitive
Management in
Radio Systems
Specification
Techniques for System
Radio Architecture
Radio
Development and Interfaces
Equipment
Architecture
and Interfaces
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 12

13. E3 E3 involvement
Regulation: ITU WP 1B on CR E3 monitors
ITU-R WP5A on CR E3 contributes
Autonomic and Cognitive Management:
ETSI RRS WG3 (CPC)E3 leads
IEEE SCC41 P1900.6 E3 contributes
System Architecture and Interfaces:
IEEE SCC41 P1900.4 E3 contributes
ETSI RRS WG3 (FA) E3 leads
Radio Equipment Architecture and Interfaces:
ETSI RRS WG2 E3 contributes
SDR-F (Digital RF) E3 leads
Specification Techniques:
OMG, SDR-F, OMA, E3 contributes
ACF
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 13

14. E3
Thank you!
Acknowledgement
This work was performed in project E3 which has received research funding from the
Community's Seventh Framework program. This paper reflects only the authors' views and the
Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The
contributions of colleagues from E3 consortium are hereby acknowledged.
May 11, 2009 Cognitive Radio: Industry Perspective Slide 14