CRP training manual SCSD final submission

1
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©
cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv
†PŠayix †gvt ZvBqye ZvRv¤§yj
†cÖvMÖvg †KvAwW©‡bUi
‡mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb myB‡Wb-‡WbgvK©

2
mywPcÎ
welq c„ôv
1. cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv cwiwPwZ 4
2. wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y m~wP 7
3. Awa‡ekb 1 : cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v 9
5. Awa‡ekb 2 : gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi 11
6. Awa‡ekb 3 : AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK 20
7. Awa‡ekb 4 : AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v 25
8. Awa‡ekb 5 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY 33
9. Awa‡ekb 6 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ 42
10.Awa‡ekb 7 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ 49
11. Awa‡ekb 8 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbwxZ 53
12. Awa‡ekb 9 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1 58
13. Awa‡ekb 10 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2 64
14. Awa‡ekb 11 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ 70
15. Awa‡ekb 12 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY 74
16. Awa‡ekb 13 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY 77
17. Awa‡ekb 14 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb 80
18. Awa‡ekb 15 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: : ev¯—evqb 83
19. Awa‡ekb 16 : wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb 87
20. Awa‡ekb 17 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi 93
21. Awa‡ekb 18: wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb 103
22. Awa‡ekb 19 : wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb 109
ms‡hvRbx 1 :¯−vBW 111
ms‡hvRbx 2 : n¨vÛAvDU 166

3
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y
‡Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨
‡Kvm© mgvwß‡Z AskMÖnYKvixiv
 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v welqK ZË¡MZ w`K Abycy•L e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi ZË¡MZ I cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb, `¶Zv I †KŠkj
we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi 5 g~jbxwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ
we‡k−lY, Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kivi
†KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

4
cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv cwiwPwZ
1. Awa‡ekb mg~n
Awa‡ekb Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg
Awa‡ekb-1 D‡Øvab, cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨
Awa‡ekb-2 gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi
Awa‡ekb-3 AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK
Awa‡ekb-4 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v
Awa‡ekb-5 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY
Awa‡ekb-6 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
Awa‡ekb-7 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ
Awa‡ekb-8 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbwxZ
Awa‡ekb-9 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1
Awa‡ekb-10 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2
Awa‡ekb-11 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
Awa‡ekb-12 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
Awa‡ekb-13 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY
Awa‡ekb-14 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb
Awa‡ekb-15 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ev¯—evqb
Awa‡ekb-16 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb
Awa‡ekb-17 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi
Awa‡ekb-18 wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb
Awa‡ekb-19 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb

5
2. †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨
cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mvwe©K I mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨mg~n mnvwqKvwU‡Z Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx/Dc¯’vcb Dc‡hvMx
¯−vBW AvKv‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi d‡UvKwc K‡i mnvqKiv Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx kxU ˆZwi Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb A_ev gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©bxi ¯−vBW wnmv‡e G¸‡jv eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †hLv‡b Ifvi‡nW/
gvwëwgwWqv eënvi myweav †bB ev we`y¨r myweav †bB, †mLv‡b mnvqKiv †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨mg~n wd¬c Pv‡U© wj‡L
cÖwk¶Y Awa‡ek‡b cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3. cÖwk¶Y mgqm~wP
mnvwqKvwU‡Z 5 w`‡bi GB cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mgqm~wP †`qv Av‡Q| GwU eënvi Dc‡hvMx g‡b n‡j d‡UvKwc
K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv hv‡e| weKífv‡e, mnvqKiv mgqm~wP‡K cwieZ©b‡hvM¨/bgbxq
ivL‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡¶‡Î Zviv cÖ¯—vweZ mgqm~wP cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
4. Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg
cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ekb GKwU wbR¯^ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q ïi“ Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j mnvqKiv cÖ‡Z¨K mywbw`©ó Awa‡ekb
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5. Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n
cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z mnvqKiv Awa‡ek‡bi ïi“‡Z Awa‡ek‡bi
D‡Ïk¨mg~n AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| gZ wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cÖwk¶Y †k‡l Awa‡ek‡bi
D‡Ïk¨mg~n KZUzKz AR©b n‡jv Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6. cÖwk¶Y c×wZmg~n
cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡b Kx Kx c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ¯úófv‡e D‡j−L Kiv Av‡Q| G‡Z mnvqKiv Awa‡ekb
cwiKíbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z mnvqZv cv‡e|
7. mgq
cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †gvU mgq GLv‡b †`qv Av‡Q| GB mgqwU n‡”Q cÖ¯—vweZ Abykxjb¸‡jv
m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ AvbygvwbK mgq| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì msL¨v I Zv‡ì †hvM¨Zv Avi Av‡jvPbvi MfxiZvi
Ici wfwË K‡i mgq Kg-‡ewk n‡Z cv‡i|
8. DcKiY
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv †Ìqv Av‡Q hv‡Z mnvqKiv h_v_©fv‡e Awa‡ek‡bi
DcKiY wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, ‡RvMvo Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡ib|

6
9. mshy³ DcKiY mg~n
‡Kvb& Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb& Ifvi †nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx mxU, n¨vÛ AvDU, Abykxjb cÎ ev Ô‡KmÕ eënvi Kiv n‡e Zv
_vK‡Q mnvwqKvi ¯−vBW I n¨vÛ AvDU As‡k| d‡UvKwc K‡i G¸‡jv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv
hv‡e|
10. cÖwμqv
cÖwZwU av‡c eëüZ cÖwμqvmg~n myk„•Ljfv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Awa‡ekb Kvh©vejxi we¯—vwiZ weeiY Awa‡ekb
cwiPvjbvq mnvqK‡K w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡e|
11. mnvwqKv eënvi ‡KŠkj
cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mdj ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ GB mnvwqKv eënviKvix‡ì‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸wj we‡ePbv Kivi
Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiv n‡jv-
 GKwU Awa‡ekb ïi“i Av‡M Awa‡ek‡bi KvVv‡gv Avi Av‡jvP¨ welq m¤ú‡K© hZ †ewk m¤¢e
‡R‡b ivLv mnvqK‡ì Rb¨ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| G‡Z Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvwPZ wel‡qi Dci
AskMÖnYKvixiv Av¯’v cv‡e|
 ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q †h, GKRb mnvqK‡K mgq eë¯’vcbvq `¶Zv _vK‡Z n‡e| †h mgq
D‡j−L ivLv n‡q‡Q Zv †KejB welq m~wPi we¯—vi Avi complexity- i Av‡jv‡K cÖ¯—vweZ|
AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi gvÎv we‡ePbv K‡i mnvqK GKwU wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi mgq
evov‡Z ev Kgv‡Z cv‡i|
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Ávb, `¶Zvi gvÎv (Level) we‡ePbv Ges Zv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv Abymv‡i cÖwk¶Y
c×wZ, Awa‡ek‡bi mgq mxgv Ges DcKiY cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb D‡ÏkÏ
hy³ Kiv hv‡e Avi G R‡b¨ bZzb DcKiY, c×wZi Ges AwZwi³ Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z
cv‡i|

7
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Ym~wP
w`b I
mgq
Awa‡ekb b¤^i welq
cÖ_g w`b
09:00 1 cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨
09:30 Pv weiwZ
10:00 2 gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi
11:30 3 AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK
01:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
02:00 4 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v
03:30 Pv weiwZ
04:00 5 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY
05:00 cÖ_g w`‡bi mgvwß
wØZxq w`b
09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
09:30 6 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30 7 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ
02:00 8 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi
g~jbwxZ
03:30 Pv weiwZ
04:00 9 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1
05:00 wØZxq w`‡bi mgvwß
Z„Zxq w`b
09:30 10 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2
11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30 11 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
02:00 12 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
03:30 Pv weiwZ
04:00 13 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY
05:00 Z…Zxq w`‡bi mgvwß

8
w`b I
mgq
Awa‡ekb b¤^i welq
PZz_© w`b
09:30 14 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb
11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30 15 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: : ev¯—evqb
02:00 16 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb
03:30 Pv weiwZ
04:00 17 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi
05:00 PZz_© w`‡bi mgvwß
cÂg w`b
09:30 18 wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb
11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30 19 ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb
02:00 A¨vKkb c−¨vb
03:30 Pv weiwZ Pv weiwZ
04:00 †Kvm© mgvwß Abyôvb

9
Awa‡ekb 1
cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨
D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv
- ci¯ú‡ii bvg cwiPq ej‡Z cvi‡eb
- cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t AvZ¥cwiPq Rvbv‡bv, RoZv f½ ‡Ljv, cÖ`k©b
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, ¯−vBW: cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb| Kykj wewbgq Ki“b|
2| ejyb †h, †Kv‡m©i ïi“‡Z Avgiv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡ev| Avgiv hvi hvi cwiPq †`‡ev
GKwU †Ljvi gva¨‡g|
3| ejyb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi GKwU bv‡gi AwaKvi Av‡Q| eo n‡q †mB ‡QvU‡ejvi bvg wb‡q Avgiv
wb‡R‡ì cwiPq enb Kwi|
4| mevB‡K G iKgwU fve‡Z ejyb †h, GLv‡b hviv Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb Zv‡ì KvD‡K Avcwb wP‡bb bv|
Avi GLb Avcwb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GK GKwU bvg w`‡eb| ‡h bvg Lykx w`‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e †g‡q‡ì bvg
†Q‡j‡ì bv‡gi †P‡q ‡h Avjv`v n‡q _v‡K Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Avi GK bvg GKvwaK KvD‡K w`‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| Av‡iKwU kZ© n‡”Q bvg †Ìqvi mgq ÒAüv, Du Ó RvZxq Abvek¨K kã D”PviY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| bv †_‡g bvg e‡j †h‡Z n‡e Avi Kv‡K bvg w`‡jb Zv‡K Avs¸j w`‡q †`Lv‡Z n‡e| G
m‡ei Avb¨_v n‡j AvDU n‡eb Ges Ab¨ GKRb bvg w`‡Z Avm‡eb|
5| bvg ‡Ìqvi wbqg Kvbyb Av‡iKevi fvj K‡i eywS‡q w`b|
6| ejyb †h, GKRb GKRb K‡i mvg‡b G‡m bvg †Ìqvi †LjvwU †Lj‡Z n‡e| mvg‡b G‡m cÖ_‡g
wb‡Rihvi bvg, †Kv_vq †Kvb Awd‡m ‡Kvb c‡` KvR K‡ib Zv ej‡eb| Zvici ïi“ Ki‡eb bvg
†Ìqvi †Ljv|

10
7| Avcwb wb‡R †idvwi wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡eb Zv Rvwb‡q w`b|
8| cwiPq -ce© I †Ljv ïi“ Ki“b Ges h_v wbq‡g †kl Ki“b|
9| †Ljv †k‡l mevB‡K †Ljvq ‡hvM †Ìqvi Rb¨ abëv` Rvbvb| †LjvwU †Kgb †j‡M‡Q mevi KvQ
†_‡K †R‡b wbb|
10| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv 5 w`‡bi GB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ ‡R‡b wb‡ev|
11| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨Ó kxl©K ¯−vBWwU
†`Lvb| GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K Avnevb Ki“b cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ c‡o †kvbv‡Z|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨mg~n
 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v welqK ZË¡MZ w`K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
12| cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨mg~‡ni cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡q›U e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
13| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

11
Awa‡ekb 2
gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi
- ÒAwaKviÓ-Gi msÁv wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy) e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb:
- gvbevwaKvi - K_vwU e¨vL¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv-i Aš—©MZ welq ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
- ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— Avš—R©vwZK cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I †NvlYvÓ
wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkk‡ì Rb¨ c„_K AwaKvi mb` †NvlYvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì 5wU ¸”Q I 5wU g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t mn‡hvMx kã mÜvb, evR`j, aviYv cÖKvk,cÖ`k©b
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, †evW©, gvK©vi ; AwaKvi msÁv, AwaKvi wcivwgW, wfc KvW©, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i,
gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cÎ, ¯−vBW: gvbevwaKvi, ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— Avš—
R©vwZK cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I †NvlYvÓ, gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ, B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae ivBUm;
wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Kwc, ¯−vBW: 5¸”Q wkï AwaKvi, wkï AwaKv‡ii 5wU g~jbxwZ
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv AwaKvi I gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
2| AwaKvi ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS? aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K DËi †R‡b wbb| e‡j
w`b †h, DËi msw¶ß n‡e, GK`‡g GKev‡K¨ ej‡Z n‡e|
3| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ejv †kl n‡q †M‡j Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b
K‡i ÔAwaKviÕ Gi msÁv e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

12
AwaKvi
gvby‡li †Kv‡bv Pvwn`v hLb †Kv‡bv mgvR, ivóª, cÖwZôvb, AvÂwjK ev Avš—R©vwZK
msMVb ev †Kv‡bv ‡NvlYv, bxwZgvjv, AvBb, Pzw³, cÖwZkÖ“wZ Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z nq
A_©vr hLb ‰eaZv jvf K‡i ZLb Zv‡K AwaKvi e‡j|
GK K_vq ˆea,Aby‡gvw`Z,¯^xK…Z Pvwn`vB AwaKvi| AwaKv‡ii kZ© n‡”Q AwaKvi
hvi Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z, AwaKvi cyi‡Yi ØvwqZ¡I Zvi|
AwaKvi‡K †KD †KD cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`vi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †dj‡Z cv‡ib| †m †¶‡Î ejyb †h, †Kvb
cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`v evuPvi Rb¨ Ri“ix n‡Z cv‡i Avi ZLb Zv AvBb ev bxwZ aviv mg_©‡bi `vwe
cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ mgw_©Z bv nIqv ch©š— Zv ÔAwaKviÕ bq| cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v †_‡KB
ÔAwaKviÕ -Gi Rb¥ G welqwU ¯úó K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
4| Gevi ejyb †h, AwaKvi k‡ãi g‡a¨B Aby‡gv`b K_vwU hy³| Avi GB Aby‡gv`‡bi KvRwU K‡i
mgvR, msMVb, ivóª ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv c¶| Aby‡gv`‡bi ¯—i web¨vm K‡i ÒAwaKvi wcivwgWÓ ˆZwi
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
5| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy): cÖ`k©b Ki“b| Ges
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mnvqZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy):
wbæwjwLZ Dcv‡q GKwU ÔAwaKviÕ wcivwgW ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:
1. Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi
2. RvZxq AvBbx AwaKvi
2.1 msweavb
2.2 RvZxq AvBb †hgb, wmwfj †KvW,
†cbvj †KvW Ges †jevi †KvW
2.3 bxwZgvjv Ges weavbmg~n
3. mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mvgvwRK
wbqg I g~j¨‡evamg~n

13
GB AwaKvi KvVv‡gv Avš—R©vwZK/BD‡ivcxq AvBb eë¯’v wfwËK hv AwaKvsk ‡`k (wKš‘ me †`k bq) Øviv
M„wnZ| D`vniY ¯îƒc ejv hvq †h, †Kvb †Kvb gymjgvb Aay¨wlZ †`‡k ag©xq AvBb wcivwg‡Wi kxl©fv‡M
¯’vwcZ| Ab¨ †`k¸‡jv‡Z mbvZb cÖ_v wbf©i ÔmvaviY AvBb Kvh©KiÕ|
6| ejyb †h, ÒAwaKviÓ-Gi mv‡_ `yBwU c¶ RwoZ| GK c‡¶ Av‡Q AwaKvi †fvMx ev Rights
Holder Ab¨c¶ n‡”Q ØvwqZ¡ evnK ev Duty Bearer| ØvwqZ¡evnK c¶ AwaKvi †fvMx‡ì
AwaKvi c~i‡Yi ØvwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|
7| ejyb †h, AwaKvi wel‡q Avgiv Rvbjvg| Gevi Avgiv gvbevwaKvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv Rvb‡Z I
eyS‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev|
8| ejyb †h, Avgiv GLb †gwW‡Uk‡b hve | LvwbKUv mg‡qi Rb¨ a¨vb gMœ n‡ev Avgiv| †gwW‡Uk‡b
hvevi wb‡`©k AbymiY Kivi Rb¨ mevB‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvb |
9| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K †PvL eÜ Ki‡Z ejyb| kixi UvbUvb K‡i em‡Z ejyb |
10| KÚ IVvbvgv K‡i †gwW‡Uk‡b hvevi wb‡`©k w`b Gfv‡e:
g‡b Ki“b GKwU Rvnv‡R K‡i `~~i‡`‡k hv‡”Qb Avcbviv cÖwk¶‡Y AskMÖnYKvix GB 25
Rb| Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ gwnjvi msL¨v A‡a©K| mvM‡ii bxj Rjivwk †K‡U `ª“Z GwM‡q hv‡”Q
RvnvR| †KD Mí Ki‡Qb, †KD ZvwK‡q Av‡Qb w`Mš— - we¯—…Z Rjivwki w`‡K|
ANUb NU‡jv nVvr-B| AvBm ev‡M©i mv‡_ AvNvZ †L‡q †f‡½ co‡jv RvnvR| Wy‡e †M‡jv
UvBUvwb‡Ki g‡Zv| UvBUvwbK Wywe †_‡K i¶v †c‡qwQj †KD †KD| wKš‘ Avcbviv mevB gviv
†M‡jb |
g„Zÿ`~Z Avcbv‡ì AvZ¥v wb‡q †Mj Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q| Ck¦i ej‡jb: †Zvgv‡ì Avevi RxweZ
Kiv n‡e| RxweZ K‡i cvVv‡ev GK Rbgvbenxb MÖ‡n| my›ì †m MÖn| cÖPzi m¤ú` Av‡Q
†mLv‡b | Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gw¯—®‹‡K Ki‡ev kZ¸Y DbœZ| bZzb mf¨Zv M‡o Zzj‡e
†Zvgiv|
bZzb MÖ‡n hvIqvi Av‡M †Zvgiv wVK K‡i e‡jv-bZzb c„w_exi gvbyl wnmv‡e †Zvgiv Kx
ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Z PvI? †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv gÄy&yi Kiv
n‡e| †Zvgiv †f‡e wP‡š— †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv RvbvI| ïay g‡b ivL‡e- bZzb c„w_ex‡Z †K
bvix †K cyi“l n‡q Rb¥v‡e Zv Avwg †Mvcb ivL‡ev| †K abx n‡q Avi †K Mixe n‡q Rb¥v‡e
Zv&I †Mvcb ivL‡ev Avwg| †Zvgv‡ì †KD Rb¥v‡e kv`v i‡Oi kixi wb‡q, †KD Rb¥v‡e
Kv‡jv,ev`vgx i‡Oi kixi wb‡q| ‡KD ev n‡e cÖwZeÜx| ‡K Kx n‡e Zv GLb †KD †Zvgiv
Rv‡bv bv|
‡Zvgiv Av‡Mi R‡b¥i AwfÁZv †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv wbY©q Ki|

14
Ck¦‡ii wb‡`©k gZ Avcbviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avcbv‡ì c~b: R‡b¥ Avcbv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK
gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi Kx n‡e Zv wPwnèZ Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨‡K gvÎ wZbwU K‡i cÖZ¨vkv wPwnèZ
Ki“b| g‡b ivL‡eb †K Kx ai‡bi gvbyl n‡q Rb¥jvf Ki‡eb Zv wKš‘ Rv‡bb bv| Avevi
GB wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv hw` Ab¨‡ì cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ bv wg‡j Zv n‡j kvwš— wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i |
ZvB †f‡e wP‡š— cÖZ¨vkv wVK Ki“b|
Avcbvi wb‡Ri 3 wU cÖZ¨vkv|
3wU cÖZ¨vkv Avcbv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi‡K wPwnèZ Ki‡e|
GKwU kvwš—gq c„w_ex Movi †m me cÖZ¨vkv|
11| mevB‡K †PvL Lyj‡Z ejyb| LvwbKUv mgq w`b ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wd‡i Avm‡Z|
12| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K Zv‡ì wPwnèZ wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv ‡bvU LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|
13| KvW©¸wj msMÖn Ki“b I ‡ev‡W© ‡mu‡U w`b| Zvici `yRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvb Kv‡W©
†jLv cÖZ¨vkv¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡Z|
14| cÖZ¨vkv †jLv †kl n‡j ‡Rvov`j MVb Ki“b| †Rvov `‡j wb‡R‡ì wPwnèZ cÖZ¨vkv¸wj
Av‡jvPbv K‡i mg‡SvZvq †cuŠQ‡Z ejybGes †m¸wj †_‡K †Kej wZbwU †e‡Q wb‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b
2 wgwbU|
15| `yBwU †Rvov`j (†gvU 4 Rb) GKÎ K‡i Av‡Mi wbq‡g †Kej †Rvov`‡ji wZbwU wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv
†_‡K mg‡SvZvi wfwË‡Z wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv evQvB Ki‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b 2 wgwbU| evQvB KvR †kl
n‡j 4 R‡bi ga¨ †_‡K 1 Rb cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb|
16| `‡ji cÖwZwbwa‡ì gvSLv‡b em‡Z ejyb| Zv‡ì‡K mg‡SvZvi wfwË‡Z wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv P~ovš—
Ki‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b 3 wgwbU|
17| P~ovš— cÖZ¨vkv wZbwU Kv‡W© eo eo A¶‡i wj‡L Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
18| ejyb †h, GB wZbwU mve©Rbxb cÖZ¨vkv gvbevwaKvi‡K BswMZ K‡i|
19| gvbevwaKvi ej‡Z †K Kx ey‡Sb - GKwU Kv‡W© eo eo A¶‡i m‡e©v”P wZb jvB‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì
aviYv wjL‡Z ejyb|
20| KvW© †jLv †kl n‡q †M‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq Zv †ev‡W© AvU‡K wbb| GKRb Ask
MÖnYKvix‡K me¸wj Kv‡W©i †jLv c‡o ïbv‡Z ejyb|
21| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
gvbevwaKvi
gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e ¯^xK„Z KZ¸‡jv AvBwb wbivcËvi wbðqZv hv cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K
Zvi ¯^vaxbZv I gvbweK gh©v`v AUzU ivL‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|
gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q †gŠwjK Ges kZ©nxb cig AwaKvi hv GKRb gvbyl wnmv‡e cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cÖvc¨|

15
22| ejyb †h, RvwZmsN 1948 mv‡ji 10 wW‡m¤î mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv K‡i| GB †NvlYvq
30wU Aby‡”Q` Av‡Q|
cÖvmw½K fv‡e e‡j w`b †h, ÔgvbevwaKviÕ Gi g~j welq n‡”Q Õme gvbyl Rb¥MZ fv‡e ¯^vaxb Ges
mevi gh©v`v, AwaKvi mgvb|Õ Av‡M me gvbyl bq cyi“‡li ¯^vaxbZv Avi mvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv
n‡Zv| Av‡gwiKvi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv (RyjvB 4, 1776) Avi weªwUk-Av‡gwiKvb‡ì AvM÷ 26, 1749
†NvlYv I d«v‡Ýi RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi †NvlYvq ejv n‡qwQj `Men are born and remain free and equal in
rights’ A_©vr Zv‡Z †Kej cyi“‡li ¯^vaxbZv Ges mgvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv n‡qwQj| bvixi
¯^vaxbZvi I mgvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv nqwb †mLv‡b|
Av‡iv ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvq bvix, cyi“l, wkï mK‡ji mgvb gh©v`v I AwaKvi
ewY©Z Av‡Q|
23| ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvq Kx †jLv Av‡Q Zv GLb Avgiv c‡o ‡`L‡ev|G ch©v‡q
mKj Ask MÖnYKvixi Kv‡Q mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi Kwc (mnR fvlvš—i) mieivn Ki“b|
24| 5 R‡bi `‡j ev ÷vwW mv‡K©j c×wZ‡Z gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cv‡Vi eë¯’v Ki“b| GR‡b¨ 10
wgwbU mgq eivÏ Ki“b|
25| gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cvV †kl n‡j ejyb †h, gvbevwaKvi ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ 4 wU bxwZgvjv wbw`©ó
Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mMywj n‡”Q :
mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ, Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ, `vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv, Revew`wnZv-i g~jbxwZ
I AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ
26| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi-Gi g~jbxwZmg~n Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
gvbevwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZmg~n
mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ
Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ
AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZt
27| cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g bxwZgvjv¸wj e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
gvbevwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZmg~nt
1. mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ
ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨ I Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î †h cv_©K¨ hvB _vKzK bv †Kb, ag©, eY©, †MvÎ, †kªYx, †ckv
BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l AwaKv‡ii `„wó‡Z mKj gvbyl mgvb| †mB gvbyl we‡k¦i †hLv‡bB evm Ki“K
ev †h Ae¯’v‡ZB _vKzK mevi Rb¨ AwaKvi mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYvi †¶‡Î KviI
cÖwZ †Kvb cÖKvi b~b¨Zg êl‡gï AeKvk †bB| mKj gvbyl‡KB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq Aš—f~©³

16
Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡K Aš—fy©w³KiY ev Inclusion e‡j| wkïivI GB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq c‡o|
wkï‡ì †¶‡Î GB mve©RbxbZvi A_© n‡jvt
 AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î ‡Q‡j ev †g‡q mgvb|
 mKj wkïi Kj¨vY mgvb g~Yëvb, wKš‘ hviv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖwZKyj ev cÖvwš—K
Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Kj¨vY‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|
 m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ mKj wkïi cÖwZ AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wkïi GB AwaKvi msNl© A_ev cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©Mc~Y© ¯’v‡bI cÖ‡hvR¨| †h †Kvb
Ae¯’vq Ges †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwaKv‡ii welqwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
Kv‡iv gvbevwaKvi †hgb †K‡o †bqv hvq bv, †Zgwb †KD †¯^”Qvq Zvi gvbevwaKvi Z¨vMI Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|
3. `vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ
gvbevwaKv‡ii †K‡›`ª ev g~j we›`y‡Z Av‡Q AwaKvi‡fvMx (hv‡ì AwaKvi Av‡Q) Ges `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
(AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡bi `vwqZ¡ hvi ev hv‡ì Dci Awc©Z) g‡a¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i welqwU|
4. AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZt
gvbevwaKvi GKwU weivU welq, Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I
mvs¯‹…wZK bvbvwea AwaKvi - G me¸wjB ¸i“Z¡ c~Y© Ges GKwU AciwUi Dci wbf©ikxj|
mKj AwaKvi mgvb¸i“Z¡ m¤úbœ n‡jI m¤ú‡ì AcÖZzjZv _vK‡j †Kvb †Kvb welq‡K
AMÖwaKvi †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î GKwU AwaKvi c~i‡Y cÖZ¨¶fv‡e KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk
Ab¨mKj AwaKvi cÖwZôvi wel‡qI c`‡¶c I †KŠkj Kg©m~wP‡Z ZvK‡Z n‡e| Avi
Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡Ri Ab¨Zg kZ© n‡”Q- hviv me‡P‡q †ekx cÖwZK~j ev cÖvwš—K Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q
Zv‡ì AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|
28| bxwZgvjv e¨vL¨v †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi ‡NvlYv QvovI
e¨w³ I e¨w³e‡M©I ¯^vaxbZv I gvbweK gh©v`vi nvwb hv‡Z bv N‡U , †mR‡b¨ gvbevwaKvi I gvbweK
AvBb msμvš— wKQz Pzw³ I †NvlYv Av‡Q|
29| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I
†NvlYvÓ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

17
gvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ ev †NvlYv
1948 w` BDwbfvm©vj wWK¬v‡ikb Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ev me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv (UDHR)
1949 ‡R‡bfv Kb‡fbkÝ|
1965 Kb‡fbkb Ab Gwjwg‡bkb Ae Aj dig& Ae †iwmqvj wWgwμ‡g‡bkÝ ev me ai‡bi
eY©‰elg¨ `~ixKiY welqK mb` (ICERD)
1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv‡fbv›U Ae wmwfj G¨vÛ cwjwUK¨vj ivBUm ev bvMwiK I
ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICCPR)
1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj ‡Kv‡fbv›U Ab BKbwgK G¨vÛ †mvk¨vj G¨vÛ KvjPvivj ivBUm ev
A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi welqK Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U
(ICESCR)1
1979 Kb‡fbkb Ab w` Gwjwg‡bkb Ad Aj digm& Ae wWmwμwg‡bkb G‡MBb÷ DB‡gb ev
bvixi cÖwZ me ai‡bi êlg¨ `~ixKiY msμvš— mb` (CEDAW)
1984 Kb‡fbkb G‡MBb÷ UiPvi G¨vÛ Av`vi μz‡qj, Bb wnDg¨vb Ae wW‡MÖwWs wUªU‡g›U Ai
cvwbm‡g›U ev wbh©vZb Ges Ab¨vb¨ wbôzi, AgvbweK A_ev A‡kvfb eënvi A_ev kvw¯—
`vb we‡ivax mb` (CAT)
1989 Kb‡fbkb Ab ivBUm Ae w` PvBì ev wkï AwaKvi mb` (UN CRC)
2000 wg‡jwbqvg wWK¬v‡ikb ev mnmªvã †NvlYv
2003 Kb‡fbkb Ab w` cÖ‡UKkb Ae w` ivBUm Ae Aj gvBMÖv›U IqvK©vm© G¨vÛ †g¤^vim& Ae
†`qvi d¨vwgwjR ev mKj cwihvqx kªwgK Ges Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì wbivcËv`vb
msμvš— mb`
2005 cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì AwaKvi msμvš— mb`
30| ejyb †h Gi g‡a¨ wZbwU †NvlYv‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ejv
nq|
31| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
1 w` BDwWGBPAvi, AvBwmwmwcAvi (Ges Gi `ywU Ackbvj †cÖv‡UvKj) Ges w` AvBwmBGmwmAvi‡K GK‡Î B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb
ivBUm (Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi wej) e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq|

18
B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm
1948 w` BDwbfvm©vj wWK¬v‡ikb Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ev gvbevwaKv‡ii me©Rbxb †NvlYv
(UDHR)
1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv‡fbv›U Ae wmwfj G¨vÛ cwjwUK¨vj ivBUm ev bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK
AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICCPR)
A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi welqK Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICESCR)
32| ejyb ‡h, gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi ci wkï‡ì AwaKvi wb‡q c„w_exi me ivóª‡K fve‡Z n‡q‡Q |
KviY:
o wkï‡ì Pvwn`v, eq¯‹‡ì Pvwn`v †_‡K c„_K,
o A‡bK mgv‡RB wkïiv bvbv ai‡bi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq
o A‡bK mgq wkï‡ì‡K m¤ú~Y©© gvbe wnmv‡e fvev nq bv,
o wkï‡ì cÖ‡qvRb we‡kl wbivcËv,
mKj gvbevwaKviB wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ | wKš‘ wkïiv Zv‡ì Kg eq‡mi Kvi‡Y kvixwiK Ges
gvbwmKfv‡e GK‡bv Acwic° ZvB Zv‡ì we‡kl wbivcËv cÖ‡qvRb Avi cÖ‡qvRb wkï‡ì cÖwZ
eo‡ì AwZwi³ g‡bv‡hvM | Avi GRb¨B 1989 mv‡ji 20 b‡f¤î RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`
†NvlYv K‡i|
33| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`-Gi msw¶ß fvl¨ weZiY Ki“b|
34| ejyb †h, GB mb‡` 54wU Aby‡”Q` Av‡Q| e¨vL¨vi myweavi Rb¨ 54wU Avby‡”Q`‡K 5 wU ¸‡”Q
fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
35| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 5 wU ¸‡”Qi bvg cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
cuvP ¸”Q wkï AwaKvi
 wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival)
 wkïi weKvk (Development)
 wkïi wbivcËv (Protection)
 wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation)
 ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and Awareness)

19
36| ejyb, Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ Av‡Q| †miKg g~jbxwZ Av‡Q wkk~
AwaKv‡iiI| wkky AwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZ 5wU|
37| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 5 wU g~~jbxwZ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi-Gi 5wU g~jbxwZ
 ˆelg¨nxbZv (Non-discrimination)
 wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© (Best Interest of Child)
 wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk (Survival & Development)
 Revew`wnZv (Accountability)
‰elg¨nxbZv
(Aby‡”Q`-2)
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© AskMÖnY
(Aby‡”Q`-3) (Aby‡”Q`-12)
+ Revew`wnZv
(Aby‡”Q`-4)
38| ejyb †h, GB bxwZ¸wj n‡”Q wkï AwaKvi ev¯Zevq‡bi g~jbxwZ| Rvwb‡q w`b †h, 5wU g~jbxwZ
wb‡q GB †Kv‡m© Avjv`v Avjv`v Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†eu‡P _vKv
I weKvk
(Aby‡”Q`-6)

20
Awa‡ekb 3
AwaKvi‡fvMx wkky I `vwqZ¡evnK
- wkï AwaKvi cÖ‡kœ mKj eq¯‹ e¨w³ ØvwqZ¡evnKMÖ“‡ci Aš—f©y³ Ges ivóª n‡”Q gyL¨
ØvwqZ¡evnKÓ-K_vwUi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
- ØvwqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ I we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- ØvwqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK© Pμ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk,iƒcK f~wgKv,†QvU`j
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMªx t wewfbœ †ckv I e¨w³i bvg †jLv 30wU KvW©, wd¬cmxU I gvK©vi, †evW©,
¯−vBW: ØvqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡, ØvwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 ØvwqZ¡, wewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnK,
ØvqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK©Pμ
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K Awa‡ek‡b ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡jvP¨ welq Rvwb‡q w`b|
2| ejyb, Avgiv Rvwb †h, ÔAwaKviÕ K_vwUi mv‡_ 2wU c¶ RwoZ| GKwU n‡”Q AwaKvi‡fvMx Ab¨wU
n‡”Q `vwqZ¡evnK| `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki KvR n‡”Q AwaKvi‡fvMxi AwaKvi †fvM welqwU wb¼zzk Kiv|
3| ejyb †h, wkïiv n‡”Q AwaKvi †fvMx| Ab¨ w`‡K RvZxq wkï AwaKvi mb‡` ivóª‡K gyL¨
`vwqZ¡evnK Ges cwievi‡K gyL¨ cwiPh©vKvix ejv n‡q‡Q|
4| Òwkï AwaKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ gyL¨ `vwqZ¡ evnK n‡”Q ivóª - K_vwUi A_© wK? cÖ‡Z¨K Ask MÖnYKvixi
KvQ †_‡K aviYv msMÖn Ki“b| Zvici ejyb †h, ivóª GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i gš¿Yvjq, Awa`ßi,
wewfbœ miKvix cÖwZôvb Gi gva¨‡g| Ab¨ w`‡K iv‡óªi m`m¨ wnmv‡e mKj eq¯‹ e¨w³ (18 eQ‡ii
†ewk) `vwqZ¡evnK MÖ“‡ci Aš—f©y³|
5| ejyb †h, GLb Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK GKwU iƒcK f~wgKvq Ask †b‡ev |
6| Av‡M †_‡K ˆZix Kiv wewfbœ †ckv/bvg †jLv KvW© Avcbvi mvg‡b ivLyb

21
KvW© : wewfbœ †ckv/bvg †jLv
W±i BDb~m, evb wK gyb (RvwZmsN gnvmwPe), wWwR wcÖRb, BDwbqb cwil‡ì †Pqvig¨vb, ¯‹z‡jb
mvg‡b AvPvi we‡μZv, wfwWI wmwW we‡μZv, gv`K eëmvqx, ivóªcwZ, ‡kL nvwmbv, ‡eMg Lv‡j`v
wRqv, †jLK n~gvq~b Avng`, †Rjv cÖkvmK, hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U, cywj‡ki AvBwR, wek¦e¨vs‡Ki
†cÖwm‡W›U, ‡P¤^vi Ae Kgv‡m©i †cÖwm‡W›U Avwbm~j nK, mvsevw`K, cy‡ivwnZ, cÖ_g Av‡jvi m¤úv`K,
‡eMgevRv‡ii †nv‡Uj gvwjK, ga¨weË M„nea~ mwLbv, MvqK dwKi AvjgMxi, wm‡bgv Awf‡bÎx,
kveb~i/KvRj/†iLv, A‡÷ªwjqv wμ‡KU`‡ji K¨v‡Þb, evm KÛv±i, eªv‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb Av‡e` Lvb,
†mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb Awd‡mi wmwKDwiwU MvW©, KvjKvUv Kvgvj, Bgvg, cÖavb wbe©vPbKwgkbvi, mycÖxg
†Kv‡U©I cÖavb wePvicwZ, GBW&m Avμvš— abx ‡KvwUcwZ e¨w³, Zviv Rgxb ci wm‡bgvi cwiPvjK I
Awf‡bZv mvjgvb Lvb| b¨v‡Uv mvgwiK evwnbxi cÖavb, Biv‡K Av‡gwiKvb evwnbxi cÖavb, MvRv
wmwUi †gqi, ¯‹z‡ji wWªj wk¶K|
cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K Avmb †_‡K D‡V G‡m GKwU KvW© msMÖn Ki‡Z ejyb| mevB‡K Aby‡iva
Ki“b Kv‡W© Kx †jLv Av‡Q Zv †hb Ab¨ KvD‡K bv Rvbvb|
7| me AskMÖnYKvix KvW© msMÖn K‡i wbR wbR Avm‡b wd‡i †M‡j ejyb †h, Avcbv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
nv‡Z GKwU †ckvi bvg ev e¨w³i bvg Av‡Q| GLb †_‡K Avcbviv wb‡R‡K H †ckvi †jvK/e¨w³i
cwiP‡q K_v ej‡eb|
8| ejyb †h, Avgiv GLb G‡K G‡K mevi KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡ev bZzb †ckvi/Ae¯’vb †_‡K wkï
AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Avcwb Kx ØvwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb| H Ae¯’vb †_‡K Avcbvi mywbw`©ó wKQz Kv‡Ri
K_v/cÖwZkÖ“wZ K_v ejyb hv Avcwb Ki‡Z Pvb|
9| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi K_v ïbyb| G mgq Zv‡ì K_vi g~j¨vqb Kiv hv‡e bv Zv †Lqvj ivLyb|
me AskMÖnbKvixi K_v †kl n‡q †M‡j ejyb †h, Avgiv †`Ljvg cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB, †h †h Ae¯’v‡b _v‡Kb
bv †Kb Zvi wKQz `vwqZ¡ _v‡KB|
10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
`vwqZ¡ evn‡Ki 3 `vwqZ¡
wkï AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡b `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì cÖavb `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q
 wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ`k©b
 wkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v (Protection) cÖ`vb
 wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv

22
11| 1,2, 3; 1,2,3 ¸‡Y AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 3 wU MÖ“‡c fvM Ki“b| ejyb †h, hvi hvi Avm‡b
e‡mB KvR Ki‡eb Zviv|
12| Gevi KvR fvM K‡i w`b:
hv‡ì b¤î 1 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Ôwkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©bÓej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv wjL‡eb|
hv‡ì b¤î 2 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Òwkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v cÖ`vbÓ ej‡Z Kx eySvq- Zv wjL‡eb|
hv‡ì b¤î 3 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Òwkïi AwaKvi c~iY Kiv Ó ej‡Z Kx eySvq- Zv wjL‡eb|
13| wfc KvW© mieivn Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i c‡q›U wjL‡Z ejyb | †mB mv‡_ wfc KvW©-G
†jLvi wbqg Rvwb‡q w`b/g‡b Kwi‡q w`b|
14| mevi †j‡Lv n‡q †M‡j KvW©¸wj 3 fv‡M †ev‡W© jvwM‡q †Ìqvi eë¯’v Ki“b| Ges cÖ‡Z¨K
MÖ“‡ci cÖwZwbwa †W‡K Zv covi eë¯’v Ki“b|
15| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò`vwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 `vwqZ¡Ó Dc¯’vcb
Ki“b|
`vwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 `vwqZ¡
wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ`k©b
 wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aš—M©Z wkïi me ai‡Yi AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
wkï‡ì AwaKvi‡fvMx wnmv‡e m¤§vb †`Lv‡Z n‡e|
 Ggb †Kv‡bv AvBb, bxwZgvj ˆZwi/ev¯—evqb ev †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv hv‡e bv hv
wkï‡ì‡K †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq|
 wkk~ AwaKvi-Gi c‡¶ hZ ABb, bxwZgvjv ìKvi ˆZwi I ev¯—evqb
 wkï AwaKvi j½‡bi wei“‡× ev wkï AwaKvi c~i‡Yi `vwe‡Z wkï‡ì A_ev wkï I
wkï AwaKv‡ii c‡¶ eo‡ì †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP cvj‡b evav bv †Ìqv
 wkïi ¯^vaxb gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ, wkï‡ì msMwVZ nIqvi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZ m¤§vb
†`Lv‡bv|
wkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v (Protection) cÖ`vb
 wkï AwaKvi myi¶v Kiv
 wkï AwaKvi j½b bv Kiv| Z…Zxq c¶ hv‡Z wkï AwaKvi j½b bv K‡i Zvi eë¯’v Kiv|
wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv
 iv‡óªi Aš—M©Z me GjvKvi me wkkyi me AwaKvi c~i‡Yi eë¯’v wbwðZ Kiv|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb , weavb , bxwZgvjv, I ev¯—evqb KvVv‡gv ˆZwi

23
 cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ
 evóªxq e¨e¯’vq mivmwi †mev cÖ`vb
16| Gevi Òwewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnKÓ kxl©K bx‡Pi wPÎwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i
mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Ki“b|
wewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnK

24
17| welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÔAwaKvi ‡fvMx I `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki
m¤úK©-Pμ kxl©K wPÎwU †`Lvb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
`vwqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK©-Pμ
AwaKvi Ñ `vwqZ¡ Ñ `vex
(†RvqvwKg _vBm cÖYxZ)
`vwqZ¡evnK
m¤§vb, myi¶v
Ges AwaKvi c~iY
hv‡ì Rb¨ êlg¨nxbZv †hLvb †_‡K
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i AwaKvi `vex
Kiv nq
AwaKvi‡fvMx
18| ejyb †h, GB QwewU †_‡K Avgiv ØvwqZ¡evn‡Ki Av‡iv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Øvwq‡Z¡i K_v Rvb‡Z
cviwQ| Avi Zv n‡”Q Revew`wnZvi `vwqZ¡|
Rvwb‡q w`b †h, GB †Kv‡m© `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì Revew`wnZv wel‡q GKwU Awa‡ekb Av‡Q| Avgiv h_v
mg‡q G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
Revew`wnZv
AskMÖnY

25
Awa‡ekb 4
AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v
-AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cUf~wg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-Pvwn`v wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk,cÖ`k©b,†QvU`j
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t †evW© I gvK©vi, wewfbœ cš’vi bvg †jLv KvW©, UªvÝcv‡iÝx mxU:Dbœqb cš’vi
BwZnvm, `yB avivi AwaKvi, Pvwn`v wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cv_©K¨
cÖwμqv:
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb|
2| ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
3| †ev‡W© ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’vÓ K_vwU wjLyb| mevB Zv †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb wK bv wbwðZ †nvb|
Zvici ejyb †h, ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’vÓ K_vwU G‡m‡Q ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’vÓ K_vwU
†_‡K|
4| †ev‡W© ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wPÓ K_vwU wjLyb| ejyb †h, Bs‡iwR‡Z G‡K ÒivBU&m
†eBRW ‡W‡fjc‡g›U ‡cÖvMvgÕ ejv nq|
5| ejyb †h, Dbœqb Avi Ebœqb-Kg©m~wP wel‡q Avgiv Rvwb Avi G wb‡q KvRI K‡i AvmwQ|
Dbœœqb cš_vq bZzb GKwU gvÎv hy³ n‡q Zv n‡q‡QÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Ó|
6| ejyb †h,Avgiv cÖ_‡gB Dbœqb Kg©m~wP †_‡K ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wPÕ iƒcvš—wiZ
nIqvi welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
7| ejyb †h, Ab¨vq, AwePvi, Ab¨vh¨Zvi wei“‡× gvby‡li msMÖvg Pj‡Q †mB cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K|
‡kvlY, eÂbv, †f`v‡f`, ¶gZvi Ace¨envi Avi ¶gZvai‡`i AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi

26
Rb¨ mgvR Avi e¨w³i g‡a¨ mym¤úK© Movi ZvwM` Av‡Q ey‡×i evYx‡Z, evB‡e‡j, †Kviv‡b|
AvaywbK Kv‡j Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv bvbv iKg cš’v eënvi K‡iwQ Ges KiwQ|
8| aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K wewfbœ Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †R‡b wbb|
Zv‡ì ejv cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †ev‡W© wjLyb| ‡k‡l AvcwbI `yÕGKwU bvg hy³ Ki“b|
9| ejyb †h, Pvwn`vi Ici wfwË K‡i GB Dbœqb cš’v¸wj wewfbœ mg‡q Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡R
eëüZ n‡q‡Q, GL‡bv n‡”Q| G cÖm‡½ ejyb †h, Avgiv Kj¨vY cš’v(Welfare Approach)
†_‡K, `vwi`¨ª we‡gvPb cš’v(Anti Poverty Approach), Zv †_‡K mgZv cš’v(Equity
Approach), Ges ‡mLvb †_‡K `¶Zve„w×cš’v(Efficiency Approach) I Av‡iv c‡i
¶gZvqb cš’v (Empowerment Approach)Gfv‡e GK Dbœqb cš’v †_‡K Av‡iK
Dbœqbcš’vi cwieZ©b †`‡LwQ| eZ©gv‡b Dbœqb cš’v wnmv‡e ‡ewk ¸i“Z¡ cv‡”Q AwaKvi wfwËK
Dbœqb cš’v|
K_v¸wj ejvi mgq A‡M †_‡K ‰Zix mswk−ó Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †jLv KvW©¸wj †ev‡W© duvK duvK K‡i
AvU‡K w`b Ges GKwU †_‡K Av‡iKwU‡Z DËiY eySv‡Z + wPnè eënvi Ki“b|
10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi Dbœqb cš’vq †cuŠQvi BwZnvm cÖ`k©b
Ki“b|Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mnvqZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
AwaKvi Dbœqb cš’vq †cuŠQvi BwZnvm
1914-1919 cÖ_g wek¦hy×
1917 mgvRZvwš¿K ivwkqvi Rb¥
1946 mv‡Î©i Aw¯—Ë¡ev`
Pig e¨w³-¯^vZš¿¨ I Pig e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvev`
1948 mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv
1950-1980 kxZj hy×
Avš—©RvwZK kw³ 2 fv‡M wef³
c~uwRev`x c¶:hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎ †`k
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶: †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv I Ab¨
mgvRZvwš¿K‡`k mg~n
1966 UN International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights
Dbœqb I

27
hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i;
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶-Gi †`k¸wj Gi we‡ivwaZv
K‡i
gvbevwaKvi
Avjv`v n‡q hvq
Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; hy³ivóª I
Zvi wgÎc¶ Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i
1986 Declaration on the Rights to
Development
1991 UNCRC G‡Z Av‡Q wkïi
wmwfj,ivR‰bwZ
K,A_©‰bwZK,mvg
vwRK I
mvs¯‹…wZK
AwaKv‡ii c~Y©
mgš^q
1997 UN Reform: Rights Based
Development
2000 UNDP’s HRD on Human Rights
and Human Development
2001 Rights Based Programing
Approaches (UN organizations,
donors, NGOs..)
11| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejyb †h, AwaKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ c„w_ex 2 fv‡M wef³| GKw`‡K Av‡Q
A_©‰bwZK,
mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi Avi Ab¨w`‡K Av‡Q wmwfj I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi
|
Avgiv G welqwU wb‡q Av‡iv LvwbKUv Av‡jvPb& Ki‡ev|
12| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò`yB avivi AwaKviÓ QKwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges
msw¶ß e¨vL¨v w`b|

28
AwaKvi A_©‰bwZK,mvgvwRK Ges
mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi
 wk¶v
 ¯^v¯’¨
 AvkªqKvR
 cvwb
wmwfj I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi
evK ¯^vaxbZv
 Pjv‡div Kivi ¯^vaxbZv
 msNe× nIqvi ¯^vaxbZv
 b¨vq wePvi cvIqvi AwaKvi
 AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi
AwaKvi
mgm¨v `vwi`ª¨, †kvlY, Ab¨vh¨Zv e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZ nzgKx
Bm¨~ ‡hŠ_ ¯^v_©
mgZv
`vwi`ª¨ †_‡K gyw³
m¤ú‡ì b¨vh¨ e›Ub
e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv
fq/k¼v †_‡K gyw³
b¨vq wePvi
myi¶v
MYZvwš¿K bxwZgvjv
mgvavb m¤ú`-Gi cybte›Ub
mylg m¤ú` †fvM
e¨w³i ¯^vaxbZv
13| ejyb †h, wewfbœ Dbœqb cš’vi K_v, gvbevwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’vi K_v Avgiv Rvbjvg|
Avgv‡ì mevB‡K GKwU K_v g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, ‡Kv‡bv Dbœqb cš’vi meUzKz ev` w`‡q Av‡iKwU
Dbœqb cš’vi Rb¥ nq bv| GKwU Dbœqb cš’vi djcÖmy w`K¸wj †i‡L Zvi AKvh©Ki I mxgve×Zv
ev` w`‡q Ab¨ GKwU Dbœqb cš’vi Rb¥ nq| A_©vr cš’vi i“cvš—i N‡U|
14| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I gvbevwaKvi wfwËK
Dbœqb cš’vi cv_©K¨ Luy‡R †ei Ki‡ev|
15| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM K‡i GKvRwU Ki‡Z w`b| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 20 wgwbU
mgq
cvIqv hv‡e - Zv Rvwb‡q w`b|

29
16| `jxq Av‡jvPbvi ci cÖ‡Z¨K `j Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb
ce© †kl n‡j Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I gvbevwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb
cš’vi cv_©K¨Ó kxl©K ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b Ki“b | Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡ì mv‡_ c‡q›Um¸wj
wgwj‡q wb‡Z ejyb|
Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K wKš‘y Pvwn`v wfwËK ev Ab¨ Dbœqb cš’v wfwËK
Kg©m~Px‡Z
Revew`wnZv _v‡K bv| Pvwn`v wfwËK I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©myPxi g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Zv wbæi“c t
Pvwn`v ev Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v
* e¨w³MZ e`vb¨Zv bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, ˆbwZK I AvBbMZ
`vwqZ¡, evaëvaKZv I `vwqZ¡
* †¯^”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z eva¨Zvg~jK
`vbkxjZv AvBbMZ `vwqZ¡, evaëvaKZv, I KZ©e¨
*Kj¨vY, `qv `w¶Yvg~jK AvBbMZ`vwe, wbðqZv
j¶Y¸wj‡K (symtoms) cÖvavb¨ †`q g~j KviY‡K (root causes) cÖvavb¨ †`q
AvswkK j¶¨ AR©‡bI mš‘wó jvf K‡i (D`vniY: 80 kZvsk
wkï‡K UxKv †Ìqv; e„nËi Rb‡Mvôx‡K †mev cÖ`vb Kiv)
m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ AR©b bv nIqv ch©š— mš‘wó AR©b
K‡i bv| A_©vr mKj e¨w³i mgvb AwaKvi
Av‡Q, ZvB 80 kZvsk wkï‡K UxKv`vb Kivi
A_© GB †h, j¶¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AwR©Z nqwb
Pvwn`vi ¸i“‡Z¡i GKwU μg-web¨vm Av‡Q| wKQy Pvwn`vi ¸i“Z¡
Ab¨vb¨ Pvwn`vi ¸i“‡Z¡i AwaK (†hgbÑ wk¶vi Av‡M Lv`¨)
AwaKvi‡K fvM Kiv hvq bv| Zviv AwefvR¨
Ges ci¯úi wbf©ikxj
cwiw¯’wZ, e¨w³ I cwi‡ek †f‡` Pvwn`v wfbœ AwaKvi me©Rbxb welq (mKj †¶‡Î mgvb)
Kj¨vYg~jK †mev cÖ`vb K‡i (D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv) ¶gZvqb (j¶¨ n‡”Q AwaKvi AR©b Kiv)
K‡i|
AwaKvi-†fvMx‡ì AwaKvi `vex Kivi Rb¨
¶gZvqb Kiv nq|
e¨w³Kfv‡e Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv nq Avš—R©vwZK gv‡bi wfwË‡Z AwaKvi‡K †`Lv
nq|
†cÖ¶vcU ¯^í‡gqv`x, k~b¨Zv c~iY Kiv †cÖ¶vcU `xN©‡gqv`x
wkï‡ì we‡kl we‡kl †Mvôxi cÖwZ j¶¨ K‡i we‡kl we‡kl
cÖKí
cy‡iv welq we‡ePbvq †bqv nq (holistic
approach)
wkïiv mvnvh¨ cvIqvi Dchy³ wkïiv mvnvh¨ cvevi AwaKvix
miKv‡ii wKQy Kiv KZ©e¨, wKš‘ Kvi“iB †Kvb mywbw`©ó
evaëvaKZv †bB
miKv‡ii AvBbMZ I ˆbwZK evaëvaKZv
i‡q‡Q

30
†mev cÖ`vb eë¯’vi DbœwZK‡í wkïivI AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i AwaKvie‡j wkïiv mwμq AskMÖnYKvix
m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv‡nZz wKQy wKQy wkï ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i wb‡R‡ì m¤¢vebvi weKv‡k mKj wkïi mgvb
AwaKvi Av‡Q
cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri GKwU mywbw`©ó j¶¨ i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ mvgwMÖKfv‡e me
KvR‡K GKwÎZ K‡i GKwU j¶¨ wba©vi‡Yi eë¯’v †bB
Gi j¶¨ AZ¨š— mywe¯—„Z, mevB GK‡hv‡M
KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wKQy wKQy †Mvôxi cÖv‡qvwMK AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q hv †_‡K wkïivI
jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i
wkïi AwaKvi AR©‡b mKj c~Y©eq¯‹ e¨w³
GKwU wbR¯^ f~wgKv wb‡Z cv‡i (wkïivI Ask
wb‡Z cv‡i)
MÖnY‡hvM¨ `vwe Ges AvBbMZ AwaKvi
†¯^Qv cÖ‡Yvw`Z eva¨Zvg~jK
Lye mvgvb¨ ev Aí AskMÖnY _v‡K ev Ki‡Z cv‡i mwμq AskMÖnY
‡KD †KD ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i ev ev` co‡Z cv‡i mK‡jiB mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q
cÖ‡Z¨K Kvh©μg Abyhvqx j¶¨ wbw`©ó Kiv _v‡K m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ AR©b K‡i
K‡i| AwaKvi †fvMx‡ì AwaKvi `vwe Kivi
Rb¨ ¶gZvqb Kiv nq
* cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’v -i A‡bK PP©vKvix GUv ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv|
`yÕwU cš’vi g‡a¨ Dc‡iv³ cv_©‡Kï g‡a¨ GKwU cÖavb welq n‡”Q †h,Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨
cš’vi g‡a¨ †Kvb Revew`wnZv †bB| Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨ cš’vq wkï‡ì myi¶v I mn‡hvwMZv`v‡bi
Rb¨ ivóª wKsev Ab¨vb¨ mswewae× KZ…©c‡¶i †Kvb ˆbwZK A_ev AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv †bB|
Pvwn`v †_‡K A‡bK AwaKvi ˆZwi nq e‡U, Z‡e AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AvBbMZ, ˆbwZK evaëvaKZv
I Revew`wnZv Avcbv †_‡KB hy³ _v‡K| GKBm‡½ AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AwaKvi‡fvMx‡ì
AwaKvi `vwe Ki‡Z DØy× Kiv nq Ges †mRb¨ Zv‡ì ¶gZvqb Kiv nq| Gi A_© n‡”Q,
Zv‡ì K…cvi cvÎ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv, eis Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ AvBbMZ
AwaKvimg~‡ni `vex`vi wnmv‡e †`Lv nq|
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK cš’vi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv we‡iva †bB|
eis cÖ_gwU wØZxqwUi wfwË e‡j a‡i †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i, Ges cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’vqiDËg
wRwbm¸wj‡K AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq mswk−ó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges AwaKvi I Dbœqb `ywU aviYv‡KB GB
cš’vq GKxf~Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
A‡bK mgq eySv‡bvi Rb¨ AwaKviwfwËK cš’v‡K cÖ‡qvRbwfwËK G¨v‡cÖv‡Pi wecixZ G¨v‡cÖvP wnmv‡e
msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| `ywU cš’viB wfwË n‡jv RbMY‡K wU‡K _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì
†fZ‡i †h me m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †mB m¤¢vebvi c~Y© weKvk mvab Kiv| H j¶¨ AR©‡b Dfq cš’v‡ZB
bvbv gvwÎK mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv I K‡g©v‡`¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e GB `yB gZev‡ì c~e©aviYv¸wj Ges
Kg©m~wPKi‡Y H me c~e©aviYvi eënv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

31
17| Gevi ejyb †h, AwaKvi-Gi mv‡_ ¶gZv I ¶gZv KvVv‡gvi m¤úK© wbweo| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
AwaKvi mgvb n‡jI ¶gZvi Ø›Øg~jK m¤ú‡K©I Kvi‡Y Kg ¶gZvev‡bi AwaKvi jswNZ nq, ev
Zv‡ì AwaKvi _v‡K Ae‡nwjZ, Ac~wiZ| Avi G Kvi‡YB, AwaKvi K_vwUi g‡a¨ ÒAwaKvi
Av`v‡qi jovBÓ welqwU me©`vB RwoZ _v‡K| Avi ZvB, AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v n‡”Q
gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒc|
18. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’v: gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi
Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒcÓ wPÎwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v: gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨
Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒc
19| cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ‡Z wPÎwUi e¨vL¨v ùvo Kivb|
gvbevwaKvi
 AvBb, wePvi I ¯^vaxbZvi
cÖwZ kª×v †Rviv‡jv Kiv
 gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© wk¶vi
cÖmvi
 AvBb cÖYqb
 gvbevwaKvi cwiw¯’wZi
Dci cwiex¶Y I
cÖwZ‡e`b
 ¯^vaxbfv‡e cwiPvwjZ
gvbevwaKvi welqK wewfbœ
cÖwZôvb
 wewfb cwZKvigjK eë¯v
Dbœq‡bi d‡j hv
AwR©Z nq
 A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Ges
Avq I m¤ú` e„w×
 bxwZgvjv cwieZ©b
 mvg_©¨ m„wó Kiv
 gvbm¤§Z †mev
 mykvmb
 e¨w³K g‡bvf½x I
Kg©ZrciZv ev Activism
 AwaKvi AR©‡bi Rb¨ RbMY‡K mw¤§wjZ Kiv I Zv‡ì
mn‡hvwMZv Kiv Ges G Rb¨ ¶gZvq AwawôZ e¨w³‡ì
Dci Pvc m„wó Kiv
 wbiš—b cÖPviYv I †`bìevi
w
gvbevwaKvi I
Dbœqb
AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hme
†¶‡Î cwieZ©b
Avb‡Z n‡e
 ivRbxwZ I AvBb
 cÖvß m¤ú‡ì eÈb
 cÖwZôvb¸wji gvb
e„w×
 g‡bvf½x I eënvi
 DcvË I cwiex¶Y

32
20| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b| e¨vL¨v`v‡bi mgq Kg©ZrciZv As‡k
AwaKvi Av`v‡qi jovB welqwU ‡hvM Ki“b Ges ejyb †h, AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wP
¶gZvq AwawôZ‡ì Ici bvbv Dcv‡q Pvc m„wó K‡i| GW‡fv‡Kmx Kvh©μg ZvB AwaKvi wfwËK
Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi GKwU D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Ask|
21| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv GKwU iƒcK ‡Ljvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡ev| Avi Zv Ki‡ev †Rvov`j
wfwË‡Z|
22| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Rvov`‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov`‡ji †h †Kvb GKRb‡K GKwU
nvZ g~wVe× Ki‡Z ejyb| Gici †Rvov`‡ji Ab¨Rb‡K H gywVe× nvZwU Lyj‡Z ejyb |
G mgq AskMÖnYKvixiv †KD †KD †Rvi K‡i gywV Lyj‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb| Awa‡ek‡b wKQyUv ˆn ˆP
n‡Z cv‡i|
23| mevB‡K _vwg‡q w`b| cÖkœ Ki“b: gywV Lyj‡Z †RvivRywi Ki‡Qb †Kb? Aby‡iva Ki‡j †h
KvRwU n‡q hvq, †mLv‡b †Rvi LvUv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb Kx?
24| ejyb †h, AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©ZrciZv n‡e Awnsm, wbqgZvwš¿K , AvBbvbyM|

33
Awa‡ekb 5
wkï AwaKvi Kg©mywPKiY
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY Pμ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y cÖhvR¨ 5 wU g~jbxwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiYKi‡Y wkï‡`i eûgvwÎK Ae¯’vb I f~wgKv we‡k−lY
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, cÖ`k©b,Abykxjb, iƒcK we‡klÁ †Pqvi
DcKiY t Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, mZ¨-wg_¨v Abykxjb cÎ, ¯−vBW: Kg©m~wPKiY Pμ, gvbevwaKvi
g~jbxwZ, wkï AwaKvi g~jbxwZ, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi msÁv, wkï AwaKvi Kg„m~wPKi‡Yi
Dcv`vb mg~n
cÖwμqv t
1| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY wel‡q Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡ev|
2| Ô‡cÖvMÖvwgs ev Kg©m~PxKiY ej‡Z Avgiv ey‡S _vwKÕ- ? G wel‡q cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki aviYv msMÖn Ki“b|
3| Zvici ejyb †h, †cÖvMÖvwgs ej‡Z Avgiv cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY, cwiKíbv ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis
I g~j¨vq‡bi GKwU KvVv‡gv (frame work) cš’v (Approch) ey‡S _vwK|
4| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i-Gi gva¨‡g Kg©m~wP Pμ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|

34
cÖ_vMZ Kg©m~wP Pμ
cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY/
Pvwn`v wPwýZKiY
g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv cÖYqb
ev¯—evqb I cwiex¶Y

35
5| ejyb †h, GKB Pμ wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Y e¨envi Kiv nq| Z‡e 4 av‡ci Kg©m~PxKiY
P‡μi cÖ_g av‡c cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY Gi ¯’‡j wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY K_vwU e¨envi Kiv
nq|
6| Gevi wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY Pμ Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Pμ
wkï AwaKvi
cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY

36
7| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Y eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e wKQz g~jbxwZ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| ‡m¸wj
n‡”Q - êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ, m‡e©vËg ¯^v‡_©i g~jbxwZ, †eu‡P Z_v I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ| AskMÖn‡Yi
g~jbxwZ Ges Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ|
8| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi g~jbxwZ¸wj cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n
êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi g~jbxwZ
‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ
AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
9| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi g~jbxwZ¸wj G‡m‡Q ÔgvbevwaKviÕ I Ôwkï AwaKviÕ g~jbxwZ
†_‡K|
10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÔgvbevwaKviÕ I Ôwkï AwaKviÕ g~jbxwZ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
gvbevwaKvi g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ
AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZ
wkï AwaKvi-Gi 5 g~jbxwZ
 êlg¨nxbZv
 wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v
 ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk Ges
 AskMÖnY
 Revew`wnZv

37
ejyb †h, gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi Gi me¸wj g~jbxwZ MÖnY K‡i wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY Kiv
nq|
j¶¨ Ki‡Z ejyb †h, AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ Av‡Q gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi Dfq †¶‡ÎB| Avi wkï
AwaKv‡ii Ô‰elg¨nxZvi g‡a¨B Av‡Q gvbevwaKv‡ii Ômve©RbxbZvÕ I ÔAwffvR¨ZviÕ g~jbxwZ Avi
Gfv‡e meKwU g~jbxwZ MÖnY K‡ii wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Yi g~jbxwZ ùvwo‡q‡Q 5wU‡Z|
11| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©myPxKi‡Y Gi g~jbxwZ cvjb cwinvh©| ZvB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi
msÁv n‡e-
gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi - Gi g~jbxwZ h_vh_ MÖnY/cvjb K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ‡K GK K_v wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY
(Child Rights Programing) ev CRP e‡j|
12| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ CRP-i msÁv cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY
gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi - Gi g~jbxwZ h_vh_ MÖnY/cvjb K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ
we‡k−lY cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ‡K GK K_v wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~Px KiY (Child Rights Programing) ev CRP e‡j|
13| ‡ev‡W©, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY K_vwU ‡hvM wPnè eënvi K‡i wjLyb:
wkï + AwaKvi + Kg©m~PxKiY
14| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ kãwU wZbwU cÖ`k©b K‡i msw¶ß e¨vL¨v w`b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY
 wkï (Child) : AvVv‡iv eQ‡ii wb‡P mKj evjK I evwjKv (hw` bv AvBbe‡j AvV‡iv eQ‡ii Kg
e‡qmx‡ì c~Y©eq¯‹ e¨w³ wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qv nq)| GLv‡b ÔwkïÕ kãwU‡K GKwU mvwe©K A‡_©
eënvi Kiv nq Ges Ôwkïi mvgwMÖKÕ cÖ‡qvRb¸wj‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq (Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb‡K
Ô¯^v¯’¨Õ ev Ôwk¶vÕ BZ¨vwì gZ LvZIqvwi wefvRb Kiv nq bv)| GKBm‡½ msÁvwU êlg¨nxbZvi
g~jbxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ, A_©vr †kªYx, RvwZ, †MvÎ, eY©, fvlv BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZwU wkï‡K
mggh©v`v I AwaKvi †`qvi wbðqZv †`q| me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi Aby‡”Q` 26L Abyhvqx
18 eQ‡ii bx‡Pi eqmKvj‡K GKwU e¨w³i ˆkkeKvj (childhood) wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q

38
G Rb¨ †h, G mgqwU Zvi weewa©Z nevi mvg‡_©ï Rb¨ Ges eq¯‹ e¨w³i Zzjbvq †ewk SzuwK‡Z
_vKvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e êwkó¨gwÊZ|
 AwaKvi (Rights): GwU wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ gvbevwaKvi AvBb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i, hv cÖ_gZ wkï
AwaKvi mb` ev Kb‡fbkb Ab w` ivBUm Ae w` PvBìmn Ab¨vb¨ Kb‡fbk‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
 Kg©m~wPKiY (Programming): mywbw`©ó j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b ¸W cÖ¨vKwUm AbymiY K‡i GK¸”Q
Kg©Kv‡Êi cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y Ges eë¯’vcbv eySvq|
15| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv wkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mvaviY aviYv Rvb‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev|
16| Òwkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mvaviY aviYvÓ kxl©K mZ¨wgZ¨v Abykxjb cÎwwU wewj Kiyb| 5
wgwbU mg‡qi g‡a¨ Abykxjb KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z ejyb|
wkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mvaviY aviYv
mZ¨ wK wg_¨v wjLyb
- wkïiv Amnvq, eo‡ì Dci m¤ú~Y© wbf©ikxj|
- wkï‡ì Rb¨ †KvbwU fvj †KvbwU g›` eoiv Zv Rv‡bb|
- wkï gv‡bB bvevjK, c~Y©Zv Avm‡Z GL‡bv evwK|
- wkï‡ìI AwaKvi Av‡Q|
- wkïi cwievi hw` jvfevb nq Z‡e wkïivI jvfevb nq|
- wkïiv ïay PvB‡Z Rv‡b| Avi Zv‡ì me PvIqv c~iY Kiv Kv‡iv c‡¶ m¤¢e bq|
- me evev-gvB wkï‡ì R‡b¨ hv wKQz fvj Zv Ki‡Z Pvb|
- ‡KvbwU wkïi Rb¨ ìKvwi, †KvbwU Zv‡ì ¶wZ K‡i †m wel‡q me mgqB wkï‡ì gZvgZ
†bIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
- eo‡ì gZ wkï‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki aviYv I `„wófw½I Avjv`v Avjv`v|
- wkï AwfÁZv I `„wófw½ eo‡ì †_‡K wfbœ|
- wkïivI mgv‡Ri mwμq m`m¨
- cwievi ev mgv‡Ri DbœwZ n‡j wkïiv AvcbvAvcwb jvfevb n‡e Zv †Rvi w`‡q ejv hvq bv|
- wkïivI wb‡R‡Ì fvjg›` wb‡q fv‡e
- ev”Pv‡ì Ôgv‡ii Dci Jlya bvBÕ RbwcÖq †jLK ûgvqb Avn‡g‡ì K_vwU GK`g mwVK bq|
- wkï‡ì me K_v ïb‡Z n‡e|
- wkï‡ì K_v ïb‡Z n‡e, Z‡e me K_v gvb‡Z n‡e Zv bq|
- me eq‡mi wkï Zv‡ì gZ K‡i gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|
17| mZ¨ wg_¨v wPwnèZ Kiv †kl n‡j Abykxjb cÎwU Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g cÖ`k©b Ki“b
Ges †Kvb †¶‡Î †K Kx wj‡L‡Q †R‡b wbb| †h me ‡¶‡Î wfbœ gZ †`Lv w`‡q‡Q †m me wel‡q
msw¶ß weZK© Abyôvb Ki“b| Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mevB‡K GKgZ n‡Z mnvqZv Ki“b|

39
18| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP‡Z wkïÓ welqK ¯−vBWwU †`Lvb|
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z wkï
 Kg©m~wPi †K›`ª we›`y‡Z wkï|
 wkï gv‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK w`K| wkïi mKj AwaKvi c~iY Ges myôy weKv‡ki Rb¨ hv wKQz
cÖ‡qvRb me wKQz wgwj‡q wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e|
 wkï gv‡b mKj wkï| †Kej cÖvwš—K, `ye©j ev Amg_© wkï bq|
 wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri, RvZxq A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZi Ask wnmv‡e|
 wkï gv‡b e„nËi mgv‡Ri GKRb, GwZgLvbvi wkï, c_ wkï Gfv‡e Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv hv‡e
bv|
 wkï‡ì kw³ mvg_©¨ Av‡Q| eqm e„w×i av‡c av‡c GB kw³ mvg_©¨ μge„w× jvf K‡i|
 GK GK wkïi ˆkkeKvjxb AwfÁZv G‡KK iKg| mKj wkïi aviYv, mKj wkïi
cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v GKB g‡W‡ji bq|
 wkïiv ïay wb‡Z Rv‡b Zv bq| Zviv wKQz w`‡ZI Rv‡b| wbQK †fvMx †kªYx bq Zviv| Zviv
cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri mwμq AskMÖnYKvix|
 wkïivI mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Avi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡ì bvbv
AwfÁZv Av‡Q, Av‡Q wbR¯^ cQ›`, mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv Avi mgm¨vi KviY wPwýZ Kivi
¶gZv, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mwVK mycvwik/civgk© cÖ`v‡bi `¶Zv|
19| ejyb †h, Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP KiY-Gi avc, g~jbxwZ Ges Kg©m~wP KiY cÖwμqvq
wkï‡ì‡K mgv‡Ri mwμq Askiƒ‡c †`Lvi welqwU †R‡bwQ| Gevi Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP
Ki‡Yi cÖavb cÖavb w`K/Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
20| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒAwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vbÓ kxl©K n¨vÛ AvDU
weZiY Ki“b |

40
wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vb
 mewKQyi †K‡›`ª wkï‡ì Ae¯’vb, Zv‡ì AwaKvi‡fvMx I mgv‡Ri mwμq Ask ev Actor wnmv‡e
†g‡b †bIqv|
 ivóª/miKvimg~nB †h gyL¨ `vwqZ¡evnK Zv wkïmn mgMÖ RbM‡Yi wbKU Ges Avš—R©vwZK A½‡b
¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv| GKBm‡½ †Kw›`ªq miKvi, †emiKvixLvZ, wkï‡ì cwiPh©v`vbKvix
†ckvRxex‡ìI `vwq‡Z¡i welqwU ¯§i‡Y ivLv|
 `vwqZ¡evn‡Kiv hv‡Z Zv‡ì evaëvaKZv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ cªv‡qvwMK †KŠkjmsμvš—
mn‡hvwMZv w`‡q, ev‡RU eivÏ w`‡q Ges bvbvfv‡e Askx`vixZ¡ e„w× K‡i Zv‡ì mvg_©¨ e„w×
Kiv|
 gyL¨ cwiPh©v`vbKvix, wec` Avc` †_‡K i¶vKvix I c_wb‡`©kK wnmv‡e wcZv-gvZv I cwievi‡K
¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv Ges Zv‡ì H f~wgKv cvj‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv|
 wkï I wkï evÜe cwi‡ek‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv|
 wj½ êl‡gï wel‡q ms‡e`bkxj nIqv Ges SzuwK‡Z Av‡Q I êl‡gï wkKvi n‡q‡Q †mBme
evjK-evwjKv‡ì welqwU‡K gyL¨ K‡i GKwU ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© mgvavb A‡š^lY Kiv|
 ¶gZvi KvVv‡gv fvimvg¨c~Y© Kiv (†kªYx, wj½, b„ZvwË¡K RvwZmËv, eqm BZ¨vw`)| ¶gZvnxb
†kªYx‡K ¶gZvqb K‡i Ges Zv‡ì ¯^v_©‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q GUv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 †KŠkjMZ cQ›` wbe©vPb I we‡kl eë¯’v MÖnYKv‡j wkï‡ì AwaKv‡ii wel‡q GKwU mvgwMÖK
`„wóf½x‡K aviY Kiv|
 AwaKvi c~i‡Yi A½xKvi wb‡q j¶¨ w¯’i Kiv|
 †UKmB dj AR©b‡K j¶¨ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i wkï‡ì Zvr¶wYK mgm¨v¸wj `~i Kivi cvkvcvwk
mgm¨vi g~j KviY¸wj‡KI `~i Kivi †Póvi Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi †`qv|
 we‡kl K‡i wkï‡ì e¨vcv‡i AskMÖnYg~jK I ¶gZvqbKvix G¨v‡cÖvP eënvi Kiv|
 wkï‡ì AwaKvimg~‡ni cÖPvi I cÖmvi, myi¶v I AwaKvi cwic~i‡Yi Rb¨ Askx`vi I HK¨‡RvU
M‡o †Zvjv|
 Avš—R©vwZK mn‡hvwMZvi Dci Av¯’v ivLv|
 hviv LyeB SzuwK‡Z Av‡Q Ges êl‡gï wkKvi n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì welqwU †ewk K‡i Zz‡j aiv|
 GKwU mvgwMÖK cwi‡cÖw¶Z MÖnY Kiv hv‡Z wewfbœ LvZ ev †m±i mn‡hvwMZv `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

41
 GKwU `xN©‡gqv`x j¶¨ w¯’i Kiv hv‡Z my¯úófv‡e Avš—R©vwZK AvB‡bi KvVv‡gv _vK‡e Ges
miKvi, `vZv I mykxj mgvR mw¤§wjZfv‡e GB KvVv‡gv cÖYqb Ki‡e|
 AvBb I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹vi KvR‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv, †hgb cwiex¶‡Yi Rb¨ ¯’vqx c×wZ| Gi d‡j
†UKmB cwieZ©‡bi AwaKZi m¤¢vebv m„wó n‡e|
21| iƒcK we‡klÁ †Pqvi c×wZ‡Z ÒAwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vbÓ -Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡q›U
e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
22| Ò wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wP KiYÓ wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Av‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Av‡Q wK bv
wR‡Ám Ki“b| cÖkœ _vK‡j †m wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

42
Awa‡ekb 6
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
-mgv‡R wkïi cÖwZ êlg¨ Ges Gi aib I KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
-wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
-êlg¨nxbZv bxwZi ¸i“Z¡¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ t Abykxjb, aviYv cÖKvk,cª`k©b, †QvU`j,
DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖx:
‡nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi,wd¬c kxU , gvK©vi †cb, Abykxjb cÎ, UªvÝcv‡iÝx: wkï AwaKvi mb‡`
êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZ, êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡,
cÖwμqv t
1| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
2| Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg I D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki“b|
3| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb- GB Awa‡ek‡bi kyi“‡Z Avgiv GKwU Ab~kxjb KvR Ki‡ev| KvRwUi
bvg? ÒKZ `ª“Z Avgiv †PbvRvbv gvby‡li bvg wjL‡Z cvwi ?Ó
4| mevB‡K Abykxjb cÎwU wewj Ki“b| e‡j ivLyb †h, GLb †KD GwU co‡eb bv| †Uwe‡j D‡ëv
K‡i †i‡L w`b|
KZ `ª“Z Avgiv †PbvRvbv gvby‡li bvg wjL‡Z cvwi ?
welq bvg
1. AvR‡K hv‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv 2 R‡bi bvg
2. w`‡b 10 N›Uvi †ewk cwikªg K‡ib
†PbvRvbv Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

43
3. fvj Mvb Mvq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
4. fvj Awfbq K‡i Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
5. GKRb wkky Dbœqb Kg©xi bvg
6. Dcb¨vm wj‡Lb Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
7. Lye †ewk wUwf †`‡L, Avcbvi †Pbv Rvbv
Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
8. Avcbvi Lye Kv‡Qi GKRb gvby‡li bvg
9. Avcbvi Awd‡m PvKix K‡i Ggb `yBR‡bi
bvg
10. GB †Kv‡©m AskMÖnYKvix †h †Kv‡bv
GKR‡bi bvg
11. cÖwZw`b †`Lv nq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
12.Avcbvi MÖv‡gi/ gnj−vi GKRb fv‡jv
gvby‡li bvg
5| ejyb †h 2 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ GKvRwU †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv †`L‡Z PvB KvRwU †K `ª“Z †kl
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| weRqx 1g, 2q I 3q ¯’vb AR©bKvix‡`i bvg †NvlYv Kiv n‡e|
6| GK `yB wZb e‡j KvRwU ïiy Kivb|
7| 1g, 2q I 3q †K Av‡M †kl K‡i‡Q wPwnèZ Ki“b|
8| ejyb †h, mevB wbðqB hvi m¤ú‡K© wKQz bv wKQ~ Rv‡bb Zvi bvg wj‡L‡Qb| mevB‡K wnmve K‡i
wbgœwjwLZ bv‡gi msL¨v wnmve Ki‡Z ejyb|
 KqwU bvg cyi“‡li Avi KqwU bvg bvixi wj‡L‡Qb?
 KqwU wkïi bvg wj‡L‡Qb| (e‡j w`b ÒAvcbviv Rv‡bb Gi g‡a¨ KqRb wkïi bvg
wj‡L‡Qb|)

44
 KqRb Mixe gvby‡li bvg wj‡L‡Qb?
 ‡Kv‡bv cÖwZebax gvby‡li bvg wj‡L‡Qb wK?
9| cÖkœ ivLyb- bvg †jLvi GKvRwU Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kb cyi“‡li bvg †ewk wjL‡jb, †Kb wkïi bvg
Kg wjL‡jb, ‡Kb Mixe gvby‡li bvg g‡b G‡jv bv, cÖwZeÜx Kv‡iv bvg †Kb g‡b Av‡mwb?
10| cÖkœ ivLyb, GwU Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì êlg¨g~jK `„wófw½ I AvPi‡Yi w`K wb‡`©k K‡i wKbv?
K‡qKR‡bi gZvgZ wbb|
weKí : mš—v‡bi WvK bvg †Ìqvi †Ljv
1. Avcbvi eÜ~ GKRb ivR‰bwZK †bZv, Zvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q- mš—v‡bi
GKwU my›ì bvg w`b
2. Avcbvi evmvi Kv‡Ri †g‡qi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU bvg
3. Avcbvi evwo‡Z wbqwgZ `ya †`q, †mB `xby †Mvqvjvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q,
Zvi GKwU bvg w`b
4. GKRb bvg Kiv †jL‡Ki GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg
w`b
5. miKvix eo PvKwi K‡i Ggb GKR‡bi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi
GKwU bvg w`b
6. Avcbvi mnKg©x dzUdz‡U GKwU mš—v‡bi gv n‡q‡Qb, †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU
bvg w`b
7. Avcbvi †g‡q cÖ_g mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb, †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b
8. MÖv‡g †eov‡Z wM‡q Rvb‡Z †c‡jb Avcbvi †QvU †ejvi eÜ~ †h GKRb Mixe
K…lK Zvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b|
9. cÖPÛ S‡oi iv‡Z Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q GK wkk~, Zvi GwU bvg w`b|
10. GjvKvi weL¨vZ GK gyw³‡hv×vi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q|†mB mš—v‡bi GKwU
bvg w`b
mswk−ó cÖkœ:
- ‡K KqwU †Q‡ji bvg wj‡L‡Qb, KqwU †g‡qi bvg wj‡L‡Qb? msL¨vMZ cv_©‡Kï KviY Kx?
- cÖ‡Z¨KwU bvg wK mgvb gh©v`vc~Y©?
G me wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì gZvgZ †R‡b wbb|
11| ejyb †h, †QvU‡ejv †_‡K †h wkï êl‡gï g‡a¨ eo nq, eo n‡q †m GKB iK‡gi êlg¨g~jK
AvPiY K‡i _v‡K| wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZi ¸i“Z¡ ZvB A‡bK †ewk|
ejyb †h, c„w_exi A‡bK A-kvwš—i g~‡j GB êlg¨| gvbyl‡K Ae‡njv, gvby‡li cÖwZ AwePvi Avi
†kvl‡Yi g~‡j Av‡Q êlg¨|

45
12| ejyb †h, gvby‡l gvby‡l bvbv Kvi‡Y cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| †KD abx, †KD Mixe. †KD wkw¶Z †KD
Awkw¶Z, Kv‡iv eyw× †ewk Kv‡iv ev eyw× Kg| GiKg Av‡iv A‡bK cv_©K¨ Av‡Q gvby‡li gvby‡l|
Avgiv GLb gvby‡l gvby‡l bvbv iKg cv_©‡Kï GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡ev|
13| gvby‡l gvby‡l cv_©K¨¸wj Kx Kx? aviYvcÖKvk c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K GKwU K‡i cv_©K¨
c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b| cÖ‡qvR‡b 2q ivDÛ aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z Av‡iv c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b| me
c‡q›U wd¬ckx‡U wjLyb|
14| ejyb †h, wKQz gvbyl Av‡Q hviv GB cv_©K¨‡K KviY wnmv‡e a‡i Ab¨‡ì ‡nq Ávb K‡i,
¯^vaxbZvq n¯—‡¶c K‡i, VKvq, †kvlY K‡i|
ejyb †h, me gvbyl‡K mgvb fv‡e bv †`Lv, me gvby‡li cÖwZ mgvb `„wófw½ †cvlY I mgvb AvPiY bv
Kiv‡K Avgiv êlg¨KiY e‡j _vwK|
15| Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx eënvi K‡i Ki“b wkï AwaKvi mb‡` ewY©Z ‰elg¨nxbZvi bxwZ
cÖ`k©b Ki“b I e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi mb‡` êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZ
 wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aby‡”Q` 2-G wel‡q mivmwi D‡j−L Kiv
n‡q‡Q †h, wkïiv RvwZ, eY©, †RÛvi, fvlv, ag©, ivR‰bwZK gZvgZ
BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l mgvb AwaKvi cv‡e|
Aby‡”Q`-2
1. AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n Zv‡ì wbR wbR AvIZvq cÖwZwU wkïi Rb¨ GB
mb‡` Dwj−wLZ AwaKvimg~‡ni cÖwZ kª×vkxj _vK‡e Ges G¸‡jvi
wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e| G e¨vcv‡i wkï A_ev Zvi wcZvgvZv wKsev
AvBbm¤§Z Awffve‡Ki †¶‡Î †MvÎ, eY©, wj½, fvlv, ag©, ivR‰bwZK
wfbœgZ, RvZxqZv A_ev mvgvwRK cwiPq, weË, mvg_©¨ Rb¥m~‡Î wKsev
Ab¨ †Kvb eskMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y êlg¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|

46
2. wkïi wcZvgvZv, AvBbm¤§Z AwffveK wKsev cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì
Ae¯’vb, Kvh©Kjvc, cÖKvk¨ gZvgZ ev wek¦vm hw` †Kvb wkïi Rb¨
êlg¨ wKsev kvw¯—i KviY nq Z‡e AskMÖnYKvix i‡óªmg~n wkïi
AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ me ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|
 myZivs wkï AwaKv‡ii cÖ_g K_vB nj êlg¨nxbZv|
16| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi mb‡` mKj wkïi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GKwU wkï ev` hvIqvi A_© n‡”Q H
ev` hvIqv wkïwU êl‡gï wkKvi n‡q‡Q| ZvB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Ki‡Y mKj wkïi Aš—©f~w³
KiY ev GKxf~Z Ki‡Yi cÖwZ †Rvi Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q|
17| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wb‡R‡ì Kg©m~wPi AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi
gva¨‡g bx‡Pi cÖkœ¸wji DËi ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|
K) Avcbv‡ì wkï Dbœqb Kg©m~wP †Kvb ai‡bi wkï‡ì Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Q? (aib,
eqm,wj½, GjvKv, ¯‹z‡j co–qv -------)
L) Avcbv‡ì wkï Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi wkï Aš—©fy³ nq wb? ev` c‡o‡Q?
ev` covi KviY Kx?
M) ev` cov wkï‡ì Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Avbvi Rb¨ Kx c`‡¶c †bIqv n‡q‡Q?
N) Kg©m~wP GjvKvq mvgvwRK fv‡e ev` cov wkï Kviv? Zv‡ì‡K Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq GKxf~~Z
Kiv hv‡e Kxfv‡e?
`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|
18| Gici cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| GK`‡ji Dc¯’vc‡bi ci
Ab¨`‡ji gZvgZ ‡R‡b wbb|
19| ejyb †h, ÒKviY hvB _vKzK bv †Kb êlg¨ Kiv hv‡e bvÓ- GwUB êlg¨nxbZvi g~j K_v |
20| Gevi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnvh¨ wb‡q êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b:

47
êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡
 êl‡gï KviY †KvbwUB Kg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq|
 wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZgvjvq me ai‡bi êlg¨ `~i Ki‡Z †Rvi w`‡q ejv
n‡q‡Q|
 wkï AwaKvi mb` me wkïi (100 % ) Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨|
 me wkï me ai‡bi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡e| †Kv‡bv GKwU AwaKvi ev` w`‡q evwK kZKiv
99fvM AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡jI wkï AwaKvi c~Y© AwR©Z n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|
 cÖwZwU Aby‡”Q`B me wkïi Rb¨ mgvb ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| †h me wkï †eu‡P Av‡Q A_P Rxeb
weKv‡ki Rb¨ msMÖvggyLi, Zv‡ì R‡bÏ GB mb` cÖ‡hvR¨|
 †h me wkïiv eo n‡”Q, ¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q ev hv‡e, Zv‡ì R‡bÏ GB mb`| †h me wkï wewfbœ
†`‡k ivóªxq Ø›Ø-msNvZ, kÎ“Zv ev êl‡gï wkKvi ZvivI GB AwaKvimg~n †fvM Ki‡e|
 wkïi we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wkï‡ì g‡a¨ kvixwiK gvbwmK ev mvgvwRK we‡klZ¡ _vKzK Avi bv-B _vKzK, wkïi
AwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ _vK‡e bv|
 ag©-wek¦vm, msL¨vjNyZ¡, Avwèvmx ev DcRvZxq - me wkïiB GKB iKg AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
 †g‡qiv †Q‡j‡ì mgvb|
 GKwU †cvwjI Avμvš— ev AÜ wkïi AwaKvi mgvb |
 wkïiv êlg¨g~jK cwi‡e‡ki gva¨‡g †e‡o D‡V e‡jB Zviv A‡bK mgq Ab¨ wkï‡ì mv‡_
êlg¨g~jK AvPiY K‡i|
21| ejyb †h, Avgiv GB Awa‡ekb GKUz c‡iB †kl Ki‡ev| Awa‡ek‡bi ïi“‡Z Avgiv †`‡LwQ
‡h, m‡PZb ev A-m‡PZbfv‡e Avgiv êlg¨ K‡i _vwK| |GB Awa‡ekb †_‡K Avgiv GKwU †Ljvi
gva¨‡g ‰elg¨nxbZvi bxwZi cÖwZ `„p Av¯’v cvj‡bi cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`‡ev|
22| mevB‡K Wvb nvZ gywôe× Ki‡Z ejyb Ges nvZwU gywôe× Ae¯’vq †Uwe‡j †P‡c ivL‡Z ejyb|
ejyb †h, nvZ †KD IVv‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb bv Avi Avcwb wKQz wb‡`©k w`‡eb, †m Abymv‡i mevB †hb
wb‡`©wkZ KvRwU K‡ib|
wb‡`©kvejx
GK) Ò‰elg¨ gvby‡li g‡a¨ A-kvwš— m„wó K‡iÓ- G K_vwU hw` mZ¨ g‡b K‡ib Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi
‡Kej gvÎ ga¨g Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb|Ó
mevB Avs¸j IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K abëv` Rvbv‡eb|
`yB) Ògvbyl‡K Ae‡njv, gvby‡li cÖwZ AwePvi Avi †kvl‡bi g~‡j Av‡Q êlg¨Ó- GK_vwU hw` mZ¨
g‡b K‡ib Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ ey‡ov Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb|

48
mevB AvsMyj IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K abëv` Rvbv‡eb|
wZb) Òêlg¨ Kivi KvRwU wkïiv wk‡L eo‡ì KvQ †_‡KÓ GK_vwU hw` mZ¨ g‡b K‡ib Z‡e
gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ K‡o Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb |
mevB Avs¸j IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K abëv` Rvbv‡eb|
Pvi) Ò‰elg¨ †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi AwaKvi Av‡Q mKj wkïi, mKj gvby‡liÓ-GK_vwUi mv‡_ hw`
GKgZ nb Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ ZR©bx Ic‡i IVvb|
mevB AvsMyj IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K abëv` Rvbv‡eb|
cuvP) Òwkïi cÖwZ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY eÜ Ki‡Z Avgiv cÖvYcY †Póv Ki‡evÓ -GK_vwUi mv‡_ hw`
GKgZ nb Z‡e A½yixq ev wis wdsMvi A_©vr K‡o Avs¸‡ji cv‡ki Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb|
mevB‡K c~b:c~b:, cÖvYcY †Póv Ki‡Z ejyb |
23| ejyb †h, GwU hZ k³ KvRB †nvK bv †Kb Avgv‡ì μgvMZ †Póvq wkï‡ì cÖwZ êlg¨g~jK
AvPiY Avgiv i“L‡evB|
24| Av‡jvPbvi mvi ms‡¶c †U‡b, mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

49
Awa‡ekb 7
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ
D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY:
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk Gi g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi mv‡_ mswk−ó AwaKvimg~n wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi mv‡_ mswk−ó AwaKvimg~n c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mswk−ó
ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t Qwe AvuvKv, †QvU`j,aviYv cÖKvk
cÖwk¶Y DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖxt
- †nvqvBU †evW© I †evW© gvK©vi,d¬xckxU I gvK©vi, UªvÝcv‡iwÝ kxU: - wkï AwaKvi
bxwZgvjv-i wÎfyR; wkï AwaKvi mb`-Gi Abyy‡”Q` 6,wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi
Rb¨ Abymibxq w`Kmg~n
cÖwμqv t
1. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb Ges Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi ms‡M cwiPq Kwi‡q w`b|
2. ejyb †h, Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K KL‡bv bv KL‡bv PvivMvQ jvwM‡qwQ | Zv nq‡Zv d‡ji Pviv, dz‡ji
Pviv, mâxi Ab¨,†Kv‡bv Mv‡Qi Pviv| Avgiv GLb GKwU PvivMvQ AuvKvi KvR Ki‡ev|
3. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ‡Rvov `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wbgœwjwLZ KvR¸wj Ki‡Z ejyb:
 ‡Rvov`‡ji m`mïv GKwU K‡i PvivMvQ AuvK‡eb|
 PvivMvQwU eo n‡j Zv †_‡K Zv‡ì Kx cÖZ¨vkv Zv wjL‡eb|
 PvivMvQwU eo K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K Kx Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wjL‡eb|
GKvRwU Kivi Rb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq w`b|
4. `jxq KvR †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡ì KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

50
5. Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j cÖkœ ivLyb: GKwU Pviv Mv‡Qi mv‡_ GKwU wkïi †Kvb wgj Av‡Q wKbv|
cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi KvQ †_‡K GiKg wg‡ji GKwU K‡i c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b|
6. ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
7. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi g~jbxwZ m¤^^wjZ wÎfyRwU cÖ`k©b
Ki“b|
‰elg¨nxbZv
(Aby‡”Q`-2)
(Aby‡”Q`-3) (Aby‡”Q`-12)
+ Revew`wnZv
(Aby‡”Q`-4)
8.wÎfy‡Ri gvSLv‡b Òwkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvkÓ K_vwU wÎfyRwU‡Z we‡kl †Kv‡bv ¸i“Z¡ enb
Ki‡Q wKbv - `y&B GK R‡bi KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wbb| Zvici ejyb †h, wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvkB g~j
welq Avi Gi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì hZ Av‡qvRb| †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì
Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ| Ab¨ g~jbxwZ¸wj wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ I gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨
cÖ‡hvR¨|
9.Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aby‡”Q` 6 Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
†eu‡P _vKv
I weKvk
(Aby‡”Q`-6)

51
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aby‡”Q` 6
2. kixK ivóªmg~n ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, cÖwZwU wkïi †eu‡P _vKvi mnRvZ
AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
3. kixK ivóªmg~n wkï‡ì †eu‡P_vKv Ges weKv‡ki †¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ me©vwaK
wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|
10.mevB‡K wkï AwaKvi¸”Q Av‡jvPbvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q w`b| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi ¸”Q
Av‡jvPbvi mgq Avgiv wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv Avi wkïi weKvk ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv †R‡bwQ|
mswk−ó AwaKvi¸wj Av‡iKevi g‡b Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev Avgiv|
11. Gevi, Òfvjfv‡e ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKvi¸wj Kx Kx? Ó- cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi
KvQ †_‡K G wel‡q GKwU K‡i c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b Ges Zv wd¬c †ev‡W© wjLyb|
(m¤¢ve¨ wKQz c‡q›U :Lv`¨, Avkªq, wPwKrmv, e¯¿, wbivc` cvwb I cwi‡ek)
12. GKBfv‡e Òwkïi myôz weKvk-Gi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKvi¸wj Kx Kx ?Ó- Zv †R‡b wbb Ges
Av‡iKwU wd¬ckx‡U wjLyb|
(m¤¢ve¨ wKQz c‡q›U : wk¶v, †Ljva~jv, we‡bv`b, †mœn-fvjevmv, mvs¯‹…wZK PP©v, wkï`j MVb ,
ag©cvjb)
wd¬ckxU 2wU †`qv‡j Uvbv‡bvi eë¯’v wbb|
13. Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq KvRmg~nÓ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvRmg~n
- bxwZgvjv/cwjwm ˆZwi, ms‡kvab I cÖ‡qvRbxq †¶‡Î evwZj Kiv
- bxwZgvjvi myôz ev¯—evqb
- KvVv‡gv/DcwiKvVv‡gv ˆZwi/gReyZKiY
- cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ
- gvbm¤úbœ †mev cÖ`vb

52
- gwbUwis eë¯’v †Rvi`viKiY
- ¶wZMÖ¯—/Amnvq/wcwQ‡q cov wkï‡ì ¯^v_©‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb
14. Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K `jxq Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z wbgœ
wjwLZ QKc~i‡Yi KvRwU Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Rvbvb| cÖ‡Z¨K`j 2wU QKB c~iY Ki‡e| GKUz Av‡M
wPwnèZ Kiv Òfvjfv‡e ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKviÓ I Ò myôz weKvk-Gi Rb¨ wkïi
AwaKvimg~nÓ c~iY Kiv I j½b †iva Kivi †¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi ØvwqZ¡evnKMÖ“c Kx KvR Ki‡eb
Zv wPwnèZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
15. Av‡iv ejyb †h, wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki AwaKvi¸wj c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mivmwi mn‡hvwMZv ,
AvBb, bxwZgvjv BZ¨vw` mn Ab¨vb¨ cwiKvVv‡gv ˆZwi BZ¨vw` gv_vq †i‡L QK c~i‡Yi KvRwU
Ki‡Z n‡e| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|
wkïi †eu‡P _vKv
msμvš—
AwaKvi
cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivóª
Lv`¨ cywó ?
wkïi weKvk
cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivvóª
wk¶v
gvbm¤§Z wk¶vi
AwaKvi

53
16. `jxq KvR †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K`j Zv‡ì c~iYK…Z QK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| GK`‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl
nIqvi ci Ab¨`‡ji m`mïv Zv‡ì gZvgZ Rvbv‡e|
17. mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

54
Awa‡ekb 8
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_i¶vi g~jbxwZ
D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY:
- wkïi wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi g~jbxwZi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- wkïi wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vq ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t NUbv we‡k−lY
DcKiY t 4wU Mí/NUbv cÎ
cÖwμqv t
1| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b|
2| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K 1wU K‡i NUbv-cÎ mieivn Ki“b| ejyb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K `j Mí/NUbvwU we‡k−lY
Ki‡e Ges wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© we‡ePbvq mswk−ó cÖkœwUi mwVK Reve HK¨g‡Zï wfwË‡Z ˆZwi
Ki‡e | `jxq Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ mgq _vK‡e 7 wgwbU|
NUbvcÎ-1
gwbKvi eqm 17 eQi| †m fvj‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q 24 eQi eqmx kv‡n`‡K|
gwbKvi evev I kv‡n‡ì evev `yR‡bB kn‡ii bvgKiv abx eëmvqx,
cÖfvekvjx e¨w³| gwbKv I kv‡n` †Mvc‡b we‡q K‡i‡Q| we‡qi ci kv‡n`‡ì
evwo‡Z D‡V‡Q gwbKv| kv‡n‡ì evev Zv‡ì G we‡q †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb wKš‘
gwbKvi evev G we‡q †g‡b †bb wb| wZwb Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq wb‡q‡Qb| †g‡q‡K
wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †diZ †c‡Z Pvb wZwb| Zvi g‡Z G we‡q A‰ea| wZwb †g‡qi
m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© we‡ePbv K‡i †g‡q‡K †diZ cvIqvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q‡Qb|

55
‡Q‡ji ev‡ci e³e¨ n‡jv: †g‡qi eqm 18 eQ‡ii Kg, Zviv we‡q K‡i Ab¨vq
K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ¯^vgx-¯¿x wnmv‡e ivwÎ hvc‡bi ci we‡q GLb êa| wZwb ej‡Qb,
†g‡q‡K ev‡ci evwo cvVv‡j Zvi evev Zvi Ici AZ¨vPvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, we‡q
†f‡½ †Ìqvi Rb¨ †g‡qi Ici Pvc w`‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡Z `ywU Rxeb ¶wZMÖ¯—
n‡e|
gwbKv ej‡Q, †m fvj‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q Ges GLb †m ¯^vgxi evox‡Z _vK‡Z
Pvq|
Avcwb wePviK n‡j Kx ivq w`‡Zb?
NUbvcÎ-2
iwngv LyeB Mixe N‡ii †g‡q| eqm 15 eQi| evwo‡Z †mw`b GKv †c‡q
cvovi Ae¯’vcbœ cwiev‡ii hyeK KwjgywÏb Zv‡K al©Y K‡i| iwngvi evev G
e¨vcv‡i _vbvq gvgjv K‡i| cvovi gyi“weŸiv ZLb iwngvi mv‡_ KwjgywÏb-
Gi we‡q w`‡q †`q Avi KwjgywÏb‡K eva¨ K‡i iwngvi bv‡g 3 weNv Rwg wj‡L
w`‡Z|
GjvKvi gvbevwaKvi Kg©xiv al©Y-gvgjvi c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bq Ges iwngvi
evev‡K gvgjv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z e‡j| Zv‡ì g‡Z, we‡q KL‡bv al©Y gvgjvi
wePvi n‡Z cv‡i bv| mKj wK‡kvixi wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z AvBbvb~M wePvi
`vwe K‡i Zviv|
G †¶‡Î Avcbvi we‡ePbvq KiYxq Kx?
NUbvcÎ-3
Avcbvi evmvq 13 eQi eqmx GK wK‡kvix KvR K‡i| ‡g‡qwU Avcbvi
k¦ïic‡¶i `~i m¤ú‡K©i AvZ¥xq| evwo hvIqvi Rb¨ †g‡qwU mviv¶Y KvbœvKvwU
K‡i| MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z Zvi ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³ gv †g‡qwUi fiY †cvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| Zvi gv Pvq †g‡qwU Avcbvi evmv‡ZB _vKzK| wKš‘ Avcbvi ¯¿x Ges †Q‡j
†g‡qiv †g‡qwUi KvbœvKvwU †`‡L Avi Zv‡K ivL‡Z Pvq bv| Gw`‡K †g‡qwU
GKw`b ûgwK †`q †h, †m GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e|

56
Avcbvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡”Q †h, †g‡qwU mwZ¨ mwZ¨ GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e|
G †¶‡Î Avcbvi cwiev‡ii KiYxq Kx?
NUbvcÎ-4
GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq GjvKvq 7 †_‡K 8 eQi eqmx 4 Rb cÖwZeÜx wkï
Av‡Q| GKRb AÜ, 2 Rb evK I 1 Rb gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx| evKcÖwZeÜx `yB
Rb †g‡q, evwK `yBRb †Q‡j| Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Mixe cwiev‡ii mš—vb|
¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv hvq wb Zv‡ì| ¯‹zj KZ„©c¶ Zv‡ì fwZ© K‡iwb|
Avcbwb hLb we`¨vjq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡jb _Lb Giv Zv‡ì
AwffveK‡ì wb‡q Avcbvi Kv‡Q G‡jv ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bvi Av‡e`b wb‡q? Kx
Ki‡eb Avcwb?
3| `jxq Av‡jvPbv ïi“ Ki‡Z ejyb|
4| `jxq Av‡jvPbv †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji c¶ †_‡K 1 Rb‡K Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ_‡g,cÖwZwU `j me©m¤§wZμ‡g wm×v‡š— †cŠQ‡Z †Kv‡bv Amyweavi c‡owQj wKbv Zv
Rvbv‡Z ejyb|
GKwU `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j, H wel‡q Ab¨‡ì gZvgZ ‡R‡b wbb| gZvg‡Zi êcixZ¡ †`Lv
†M‡j †m †¶‡Î msw¶ß weZK© Abyôvb-G mnvqZv Ki“b
5| meKwU `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j ejyb †h, RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì GKwU g~jbxwZ n‡”Q
Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶v| GwU wkï AwaKvi †cÖvMÖvwgs -GiI g~jbxwZ|
6| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wb‡q RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì 3bs Aby‡”Q` cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
†¯^”Qvg~jK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 3 Rb‡K Aby‡”Q` Gi 3wU aviv co‡Z ejyb I
e¨vL¨v K‡i eywS‡q w`‡Z ejyb| (AbïvI GB e¨vL¨v Kv‡R Ask wb‡Z cv‡ib) Ab¨‡ì gZvgZ wbb|
Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi w`b|

57
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`
Aby‡”Q`-3
1. miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi mgvRKj¨vY cÖwZôvb, Av`vjZ, cÖkvmb ev AvBb
cÖYqbKvix e¨w³eM© †h-B †nvK bv †Kb wkï wel‡q †h-†Kvb ai‡bi Kvh©μ‡g
wkïi ¯^v_©B n‡e cÖ_g I cÖavb we‡ePbvi welq|
2. wkïi evev-gv, AvBbMZ AwffveK ev Ab¨ e¨w³ hviv AvBbMZfv‡e wkïi
`vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K wkïi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ meai‡bi `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡i‡Qb wKbv †m wel‡q wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n
AvBbMZ I cÖkvmwbK c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡e|
3. AskMÖnYKvix ivóª wkïi Rb¨ †mev I my‡hvM cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨
gvb`Û `¶Zvi mv‡_ ZË¡veav‡bi welqwUi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e, we‡kl K‡i wkïi
Rb¨ wbivcËv, ¯^v¯’¨, cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix‡ì msL¨v I Zv‡ì Dchy³ ZË¡veav‡bi
welqwU|
7| Gevi, AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖwZ cÖkœ ivLyb - wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZ †Kb A‡bK mgq
weZ‡K©i m„wó K‡i|
AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ wbb Ges Zv‡ì gZvg‡Zi g~j c‡q›U¸‡jv wd¬c Pv‡U© wjLyb| Zvici
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶Ai bxwZi †¶‡Î weZ‡K©i KviY kxl©K
UªvÝcv‡iÝx kxU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZi †¶‡Î weZ‡K©i KviY
 A‡bK †¶‡ÎB åvš— aviYvi Rb¨ wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZ weZ‡K©i m„wó K‡i|
 g~jZ: wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©
- †K we‡ePbv Ki‡eb,
- KLb we‡ePbv Ki‡eb,
- †Kvb gvb`‡Û we‡ePbv Ki‡eb -
G¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e cvwjZ bv n‡j we‡kl weZ‡K©i m„wó nq|

58
8| Gevi, cy‡e©v³ 5wU `j‡K bx‡Pi 5wU ch©v‡q Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b
KiYxq welq¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡Î D`vniY †hvM Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki“b 10 wgwbU|
cwiev‡i
we`¨vj‡q
mgv‡R
GbwRI-i Kg©m~wP‡Z
ivóªxq ch©v‡q
9| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
10| 4wU `‡ji Av‡ivPbvi m~Î a‡i ejyb †h, wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v mswk−ó wel‡q wm×vš—
†bIqvi mgq meKwU weK‡íi fv‡jvg›` wePvi Ki‡Z nq| Avi GB weKí¸wji g‡a¨ ÔGKwU gvÎÕ
mwVK G welqwU gv_vq †i‡L †Kej ÔmwVKwUBÕ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
11| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi Rb¨ KiYxq w`K¸wj cÖ`k©b
Ki“b|
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vq KiYxq
- wkïi/wkï‡ì gZvgZ Rvbyb (wkïi mKj gZvgZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bvI n‡Z cv‡i)
- wkïi Pvicv‡k hviv _v‡Kb Zv‡ì †_‡K Rvbyb|
- AwfÁ (mswk−ó †¶‡Î we‡klÁ) e¨w³i civgk© w`b
- AvBb e‡j †`Lyb/AvB‡bi mn‡hvwMZv wbb|
- wkï I eo‡ì GKÎ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Ki“b
- ¯^í I `xN© †gqv`x djvdj we‡ePbv Ki“b
- wkïi Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi wewNœœZ n‡”Q bv wbwðZ Ki“b
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKvi welqwU wkïi ¯^v_©i¶v wel‡qi †K›`ªg~‡j ivLyb |
AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AvnŸvb Rvbvb bZzb c‡q›U hy³ Kivi Rb¨|
mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

59
Awa‡ekb 9
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ 1
D‡Ïk¨: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
- Òwkïi AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKviÓ ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì
Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
- eq¯‹‡ì mvg‡b wkïi ¯^vaxb gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki evavmg~n wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1N›Uv
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, cÖ`k©b, f~wgKv Awfbq, †QvU`j
cÖwk¶Y DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖx:
†nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i , wd¬ckxU I gvK©vi, UªvÝcv‡iwÝ kxU:
AskMÖnY,RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb Aby‡”Q` 12, wkï AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ Aby‡”Q`,wkïi
AskMÖn‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK Ae¯’v; f~wgKv Awfb‡qi 2 wU welq-cÎ
cÖwμqv t
1. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
2. Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg I D‡Ïk¨ Rvwb‡q w`b|
3. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Ki“b- wkïi AskMÖnY ej‡Z wK eySvq? aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Zvi aviYv †R‡b wbb|
4. †k‡l ejyb-Avgv‡ì KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kv‡bv Kg©Kv‡Û †hvM`vb‡K AskMÖnY e‡j _vwK|
AskMÖnY ej‡Z cÖK…Zc‡¶ eySvq ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ|
5. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AskMÖn‡Yi GB msÁvwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

60
AskMÖnY
AskMÖnY ej‡Z cÖK…Zc‡¶ eySvq ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ
6. ejyb †h, Avgiv bvbv iKg Kv‡R †hvM`vb K‡i _vwK Avi ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡YÓ hLb
†hvM †`B ZLb Zv‡K AskMÖnY ewj| GLb †_‡K AskMÖnY ej‡Z Avgiv †Kej ÔcwiKíbv
I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY Ó Kivi K_v eyS‡ev|
7. Gevi ejyb †h, ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡YÓ AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ Kiv nq gZvgZ
cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g| Avi RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb` wkï‡ì AskMÖnY ev gZvgZ cÖKvk-Gi
AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|
8. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì 12 bs Aby‡”Q` cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi mb`
Aby‡”Q`-12
1. gZvgZ MV‡b cwic° wkï wbR¯^ gZvgZ Ges aviYv cÖKv‡k Aeva ¯^vaxbZvi
AwaKvix| †mB mKj AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ wkï eqm Ges wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi ¶gZv
Abyhvqx GB mKj gZvgZ‡K hv‡Z h_vh_ ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq AskMÖnYKvix ivómg~n
Zvi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|
2. D‡Ï‡k¨ wkï‡K mywbw`©ó my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e †hb wkï wb‡R A_ev †Kvb cÖwZwbwa wKsev
†Kvb h_vh_ ms¯’vi gva¨‡g Zvi wbR ¯^v_© mswk−ó wePvi wefvMxq ev cÖkvmwbK
†gvKÏgvi †¶‡Î RvZxq AvB‡bi wewae× avivi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L Zviv K_v ej‡Z
cv‡i|
9. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKRb‡K 12 Aby‡”Q‡ì 1bs avivwU co‡Z ejyb| Gevi Ab¨ GKRb‡K
GwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb| Gevi Aci GKRb‡K 2bs avivwU co‡Z ejyb Ges †h †Kvb

61
GKRb‡K GwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡R gZvgZ †hvM K‡i Av‡jvPbv‡K mg„×
Ki“b|
10.AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb- GwUB wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKv‡ii g~j KvVv‡gv| G QvovI
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Av‡iv K‡qKwU Aby‡”Q‡` wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi K_v wewfbœfv‡e
ejv Av‡Q|
- Ifvi‡nW c‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Ab¨ †hme Aby‡”Q‡` wkïi
AskMÖn‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wb‡q ˆZix wb‡gœv³ QKwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b
Aby‡”Q` 3: ‰elg¨nxbZvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 4: wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©
Aby‡”Q` 5: AwffveK‡ì `vwqZ¡
Aby‡”Q` 6: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weK&v‡ki AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 9: wkïi gZ bv wb‡q Zv‡K cwievi †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv hv‡e bv|
Aby‡”Q` 13: ¯^vaxb gZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 14: ¯^vaxb gZ, wPš—v I ag©PP©vi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 15: msMV‡bi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 16: ‡MvcbxqZvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 17: Z_¨ cÖvwßi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 29: †h wk¶v gvbevwaKvi I MYZ‡š¿i Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i Zvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 31: †Ljvayjv I wekªv‡gi AwaKvi
11. cici 2 wU f~wgKv Awfbq Av‡qvRb Ki“b| ejyb †h, GKwU‡Z Awfb‡qi Rb¨ _vK‡e 7
R‡bi wUg| Ab¨wU‡Z _vK‡e 9 R‡bi wUg|

62
12. f~wgKv Awfb‡qi Rb¨ 16 Rb wPwnèZ Ki“b | Zv‡ì‡K 2 wU‡g fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wUg‡K
Awfb‡qi welq †jLv KvMR mieivn Ki“b| e‡j w`b †h, cÖ¯‘wZi R‡b¨ mgq _vK‡e 10 wgwbU
| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K wUg 10 wgwbU mgq cv‡e Awfb‡qi R‡b¨|
cÖ_g f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq
¯^vaxbZv wèm Dcj‡¶ Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ μxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Av‡qvRb Ki‡e| ¯’vbxq GKwU
GbwRI Zv‡ì e‡j‡Q GR‡b¨ Zviv 5 nvRvi UvKv LiP Ki‡Z cvi‡e| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Kx Kx AvB‡Ug
_vK‡e, Kx cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv n‡e, ‡gvU KqwU cyi¯‹vi, cÖavb AwZw_ ‡K n‡eb, μxov Abyôvb
cwiPvjbvq Kviv _vK‡e-Gme wel‡q cwiKíbv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q H GbwRI| Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ-Gi
7Rb wkï †bZv cwiKíbv mfvq e‡m‡Qb|
wØZxq f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq
¯^vaxbZv wèm Dcj‡¶ RvMiYx D”Pwe`¨vj‡q μxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡e| ¯‹zj KZ„©c¶
GR‡b¨ 5000 UvKv eivÏ K‡i‡Q| we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K, μxov wk¶K Avi mnKvix cÖavb wk¶K
6 Rb Qv‡Îi m‡½ GR‡b¨ cwiKíbv mfvq e‡m‡Qb| mfvq wVK Kiv n‡e-| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Kx Kx
AvB‡Ug _vK‡e, Kx cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv n‡e, ‡gvU KqwU cyi¯‹vi, cÖavb AwZw_ ‡K n‡eb, μxov Abyôvb
cwiPvjbvq Kviv _vK‡e, mn‡hvwMZvq _vK‡e Kviv BZ¨vw`|
13. cÖ¯‘wZ †kl n‡j cÖ_‡g Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ wUg I c‡i ÒRvMiYx D”Pwe`¨vjq wUgÓ‡K
f~wgKv Awfbq Ki‡Z ejyb|
14. 2 wU Awfbq †kl n‡j mevB‡K hvi hvi Avmb MÖnY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖ_‡g 2 wUg‡K I
c‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K Abyf~wZ Rvbv‡Z ejyb|
15. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4 wU †QvU`‡j fvM Ki“b| ‡QvU`‡j Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ I ÒRvMiYx
D”Pwe`¨vjq wUgÓ-Gi Awfb‡q wkïi AskMÖnY ai‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| Awfb‡qi
fv‡jv-g›` wePvi bq, wkïi AskMÖnY ‡Kvb As‡k ‡Kgb wQj Zv wb‡Pi QK Abymv‡i mvwR‡q wjL‡Z
ejyb| `jxq Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|

63
wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK w`K
jvjm~h© wkï K¬ve wUg RvMiYx D”Pwe`¨vjq wUg
16. Gevi `jxq Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
17.cÖkœ ivLyb: G `yB Awfbq As‡ki g‡a¨ wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi †Kvb cwi‡ek ev aibwU Avgiv
cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡ev? cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K Zvi gZvgZ †R‡b wbb|
18. ejyb †h, wkïiv hLb wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ gZvgZ wewbgq K‡i, ZLb _v‡K ¯^vaxb, eo‡ì
mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z †M‡j wØavMÖ¯— n‡q c‡o| ‡Kb Ggb nq? eo‡ì mvg‡b wkï‡ì gZvgZ
cÖKv‡ki †¶‡Î weivRgvb cÖavb mgm¨v¸wj Kx?
cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K Aš—Z: 2wU mgm¨v wPwnèZ Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Zv 2 wU c„_K Kv‡W© wjL‡Z
ejyb|
19| †jLv †kl n‡j KvW©¸wj msMÖn Ki“b Ges †mMywj †ev‡W© cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯’v Ki“b|
20| `yBRb fjvw›Uqvi AskMÖnYKvixi‡K KvW©¸wj c‡o ‡kvbv‡Z ejyb| Kv‡W© †jLv †Kv‡bv
wel‡q cÖkœ DÌvwcZ n‡j AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z Reve w`‡Z †Póv Ki“b|

65
Awa‡ekb 10
D‡Ïk¨: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
- wkïi gZvgZ cÖKvk K_vwUi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- wkï‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi wewfbœ ‡¶Î wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- wkï‡ì AskMÖnY e„w×‡Z eq¯‹‡ì mn‡hvMx f~wgKv wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, †QvU`j, cÖ`k©b,Abykxjb,
cÖwk¶Y DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖx:
- †nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi, KvW©, gvK©vi,
- †cv÷vi †ccvi/ d¬xcPvU©, d¬xcPvU© †evW©, gvK©vi †cb;
- e¨w³MZ Abykxjb kxU- 9.1: wkï‡ì AskMÖnY- Gi aiY;
- UªvÝcv‡iwÝ kxU: Òwkïi gZvg¥Z I cÖKvkÓQK, Òwkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPbÓ Abykxjb
cÎ,wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi wewfb †¶‡Îi bvg †jLv KvW©,
cÖwμqv t
1. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
2. ejyb †h, Av‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wkïi AskMÖnY wel‡q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ| GB Awa‡ek‡b
wkïi gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki welqwU Av‡iv we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡ev|
3. †ev‡W© Òwkïi gZvgZ cÖKvkÓ K_vwU wjLyb| ejyb †h, Òwkïi gZvgZÓI ÒcÖKvkÓGB `yB
As‡k fvM K‡i Avgiv Òwkïi gZvgZ cÖKvkÓ K_vwUi A_© Luy‡R †ei Ki‡ev|
4. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ 1 wU K‡i wfc KvW© mieivn Ki“b | Kv‡W© Òwkïi gZvgZÓ
K_vwUi gv‡b Kx Zv wjL‡Z ejyb|
5. KvW© †jLv †kl n‡j †m¸wj msMÖn Ki“b Ges †ev‡W©i GKw`‡K AvU‡K w`b | KvW©¸wji
Ic‡i wjLyb Òwkïi gZvgZÓ K_vwU|

66
6. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ cybivq 1 wU K‡i wfc KvW© mieivn Ki“b | Kv‡W© ÒcÖKvkÓ K_vwUi
gv‡b Kx Zv wjL‡Z ejyb| KvW© †jLv †kl n‡j †m¸wj msMÖn Ki“b Ges †ev‡W©i Ab¨cv‡k
AvU‡K w`b | KvW©¸wji Ic‡i wjLyb ÒcÖKvkÓ K_vwU|
7. `yBRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K Avnevb Ki“b Kv‡W© †jLv aviYv-c‡q›U¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡bvi Rb¨|
8. Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkïi gZvgZ I cÖKvk QKwU Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
wkïi gZvgZ cÖKvk
GKvš— wbR¯^ gZ Ges A-gZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖKvk
wb‡Ri gZ wnmv‡e A‡bï gZ bq ¯úófv‡e cÖKvk
wb‡Ri /wb‡R‡ì fv‡jv-g‡›ì mv‡_ RwoZ
wel‡q gZ I A-gZ
AvswkK bq, c~Y© cÖKvk
Kv‡iv †kLv‡bv K_v bq wbf©q, wØavgy³-ms‡KvPnxb,Su~wKgy³ cÖKvk
cÖ‡ivwPZ/Pvcv‡bv K_v bq h‡ì Kv‡Q/mvg‡b gZvgZ cÖKvk Kiv n‡”Q
Zv‡ì cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©bc~e©K cÖKvk
gZcÖKvk, A-gZ cÖKvk,
hyw³ cÖ`k©b, weZK© Kiv
mZ¨ fvlY,Z_¨ †Mvcb bv Kiv
9. ejyb †h, gZvgZ cÖKv‡k wkï _vK‡e ¯^vaxb | wb‡Ri gZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡e wkï |
Kv‡iv wkwL‡q †Ìqv ev ˆZwi Kiv Kv‡iv gZvgZ bq| gZwU n‡e wkïi wb‡Ri|
Av‡iv ejyb †h, RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡` Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡gI wkï
gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wkïi cÖwZwbwa †K n‡e - G welqwU wb‡q Avgiv K_v ej‡ev
GLb|

67
10. wkï ev wkky‡ì cÖwZwbwa †K n‡e ? wkï bv eq¯‹ †KD? K‡qKR‡bi gZvgZ MÖnY Ki“b|
11. †Rvov `j MVb Ki“b Ges †Kvb& †¶‡Î wkïi cÖwZwbwa wkï n‡e Avi †Kvb †¶‡Î wkïi
cÖwZwbwa eq¯‹ †KD n‡e- Zv †Rvov`‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wVK Ki‡Z ejyb| GRb¨ 3 wgwbU mgq
w`b| wZb wgwbU ci †Rvov `‡ji gZvgZ ïbyb|
12. ejyb †h, GKRb wkïi cÖwZwbwa Av‡iKRb wkï n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi Av`vjZ ev Ab¨ we‡kl
†¶‡Î eq¯‹ †KD Zvi cÖwZwbwa n‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ w`‡K GK`j wkïi cÖwZwbwa GKRb ev GKw`K
wkï n‡Z cv‡i| G wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ wbb|
13. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ Òwkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPbÓ kxl©K Abykxjb cÎ wU wewj Ki“b|
Abykxjb cÎ
mZ¨ Kx wg_¨v Wvb cv‡k wjLyb|
wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb
1. wkï/wkïivB Zvi/Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡e|
2. ‡Kvb& (†Kvb& †Kvb&) wkï‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡e Zv Zv‡ì wbR¯^ eënvi
3. Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i bvwK †Mvcb †fv‡U wbe©vPb Ki‡e- GwUI wVK Ki‡e wkïivB
4. ‡Kvb& †Kvb& †hvM¨Zvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwbwa wVK Ki‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡e wkïiv|
5. GKB wkï GKvwaKevi wbe©vwPZ n‡Z cvi‡e Kx cvi‡e bv- Zv wVK Ki‡e wkïiv|
wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb: eo‡ì `vwqZ¡
1. wkïiv hw` wb‡Riv wb‡R‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z m¶g e‡j g‡b K‡i Z‡e
†mLv‡b eo‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
2. Zv‡Ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q hw` weev‡` Rwo‡q c‡o Z‡e eoiv Zv
cÖwZ‡iv‡a/wgUv‡Z mnvqZv w`‡eb|
3. wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡b †Kv‡bv cÖfve we¯—vi Ki‡eb bv eoiv|

68
4. cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡b mgm¨v m„wó n‡j, wkïiv hw` eo‡ì mvnvh¨ Pvq, Z‡eB eoiv
mvnv‡hï nvZ evov‡eb |
5. wkï‡ì wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa Avcbvi Kv‡Q †hvM¨ g‡b bv n‡jI Avcbvi Kivi wKQ~
†bB| G †¶‡Î Avcbvi ØvwqZ¡ n‡e H cÖwZwbwai Ávb, `¶Zv evov‡bv|
6. wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M cÖv_©xZv-†hvM¨Zv Kx n‡e Zv wVK Kivi Rb¨ wkï‡ì civgk©
w`‡eb|
7. wkïi c~Y© m¤§wZ Qvov eoiv wb‡R †KD Zvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
8. Av`vjZ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î AwffveK ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv ‡Kv‡bv wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡
Ki‡Z n‡j †m wel‡q wkï‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges wkïi K_v ïb‡Z n‡e|
9. eo †KD wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡j wkï ev wkïiv wK e‡j‡Q Zv wkïi Revbx‡Z
ej‡Z n‡e|
10. K_v ejvi mgq hw` Abyev`‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq, Z‡e wbe©vwPZ Abyev`K wkïi
Revbx‡Z K_v ej‡eb| wkï Kx e‡j‡Q †Kej ZvB ej‡eb, Abyev`‡Ki Kv‡Q Kx g‡b
n‡q‡Q Zv ejvi ìKvi †bB|
14. cuvP wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ Abykxjb KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z ejyb|
15. Abykxjb cÎwU Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †ev‡W© cÖ`wk©Z ivLyb Ges GKwU GKwU wel‡q †K
wK wj‡L‡Qb †R‡b wbb| DËi `yB ai‡bi n‡j ‡m wel‡q ¯^c¶hyw³ w`‡Z ejyb| weZK©
Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g GKgZ n‡Z ejyb| me KwU c‡q‡›Ui DËi †PK Kivi ci ejyb †h, Avgiv
meMywj c‡q›U mwVK g‡b Kwi|
16. ‡ev‡W© cÖ`wk©Z c‡q›U¸wji cÖwZ mevB‡K Av‡iv GKevi j¶¨ Ki‡Z ejyb| ZvwjKvwU eo Kivi
Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K wKQz bZzb c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b|

69
17. Gici ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î wkïiv Kxfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv
wPwnèZ Ki‡ev|
18. wkï‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi †¶Î mg~n †jLv KvW©¸wj Avcbvi mvg‡b ivLyb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GwM‡q
G‡m GKwU K‡i KvW© wb‡q †h‡Z ejyb|
KvW©
wkïiv Kxfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡e Ges mswk−ó‡¶‡Î I eo‡ì fywgKv Kx n‡e?
 bxwZgvjv ˆZwi‡Z (RvZxq)
 cwiev‡i
 cvjK/AwfveKZ¡-MÖn‡Yi †ejvq
 we`¨vj‡q
 wkïkª‡g wb‡qvM †Ìqvi †¶‡Î
 Qq gv‡mi wkï‡K wLPzwo LvIqv‡bvi mgq
 evwoN‡ii KvR eë¯’vcbvq
 cvK© ˆZwi mgq
 wkï‡ì msMVb ˆZwi‡Z
 GbwRI Kg©m~wP‡Z
 ‡Ljva~jv Av‡qvR‡b
 M‡elYvq
 GW‡fv‡Kmx Kv‡R
 ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Kv‡R
 MYgva¨‡g
 ag©xq Kv‡R
 cwi‡ek i¶vg~jK Kv‡R
 ÎvY wkwei eë¯’vcbvq
 e¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi †¶‡Î
 QvÎvevm, GwZgLvbv, wkï‡K›`ª cwiPvjbvq
 wkï msMV‡b
 ‡hŠb wbh©vZb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z
 evj¨we‡q †iv‡a

70
19. KvW© †bIqv †kl n‡j Gme †¶‡Î wkïiv Kxfv‡e Ask MÖnY Ki‡e Ges mswk−ó ‡¶‡Î eo‡ì
fywgKv Kx n‡e cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 2 wgwbUKvj Zv wPš—v Ki‡Z ejyb|
20. 2 wgwbU ci cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Ò‡h hv †f‡e †c‡q‡QbÕ Zv Rvbv‡Z ejyb| Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv K_v e¨vL¨
`vwe Ki‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq msw¶ß e¨vL¨v w`b|
21. mevi K_v Rvbv †kl n‡j ejyb †h, Avgiv †`L‡Z †cjvg cwievi †_‡K RvZxq ch©v‡q wkïiv
wm×vš—MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
22. Gevi ejyb †h, AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Ab¨Zg bxwZgvjv wnmv‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv msMVb
AskMÖnY K_vwUi e`‡j AskMÖnY I ¶gZvqb K_vwU e‡j _v‡K|wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Ki‡Y
AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wkïi ¶gZvqb AZ¨vek¨K| Avi ¶gZvqb ej‡Z Avgiv wkïi Ávb I
`¶Zve„w× eyS‡ev|
23. ejyb †h, cwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y wkïi AskMÖnY gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ wkïi ¶gZvqb
‡hgb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †ZgbB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© n‡”Q wkïi AskMÖnY-Gi Rb¨ mnvqK cwi‡ek ˆZwi|
24. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z&¨K `j‡K wbgœwjwLZ KvRwU Ki‡Z ejyb|
 cwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y wkïi AskMÖnY gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ wkïi ¶gZvqb cÖ‡qvRb |
Kxfv‡e Zv Kiv hv‡e?
 wkïi AskMÖnY-Gi Rb¨ mnvqK cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv hv‡e Kxfv‡e?
`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|
25. Gevi `jxq Kv‡Ri djvdj Dc¯’vcb Kivi eë¯’v wbb|
26. mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

71
Awa‡ekb 11
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY:Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
- Revew`wnZvi msÁv wbaviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi cÖ‡kœ †K Kvi Kv‡Q Revew`wn PvB‡e, †K Kvi K‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡e Zv
wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y Revew`wnZv eë¯’vi djcÖmy w`Kmg~n wPwnèèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wbR wbR msMV‡bi Rb¨ Revew`wnZv eë¯’vi MvBW jvBb ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, cÖ`k©b,‡Rvov`j,†QvU`j
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMªx t
wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ evK¨-Gi w¯−c, wd¬cmxU I gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i,†evW©, kxl©K ¯−vBW:
ÒRevew`wnZvÓ, Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y Revew`wnZv eë¯’vi djcÖmy w`KÓ, ÒRevew`wn eë¯’v
Ki‡Yi DcvqÓ, ÒRevew`wnZv eë¯’vKi‡YiÓ †iLvwPÎ (AvDU jvBb)
cÖwμqv t
1| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb Ges Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki“b|
2| Revew`wnZv ej‡Z wK eySvq ? G wel‡q cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi aviYv msMÖn Ki“b Ges †ev‡W©
wjLyb|
3| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Revew`wnZvi msÁv cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
Revew`wnZv
Revew`wnZv Ggb GKwU eë¯’v ‡h eë¯’vq AwaKvi‡fvMx Ges mswk−ó wel‡q hy³ e¨w³/e¨w³eM©
`vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©‡K Zvi/Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjb m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges `vwqZ¡cÖvß
e¨w³ H cÖ‡kœi Reve w`‡Z eva¨ _v‡Kb|
Revew`wnZv eë¯’vq cÖavbZ: 2 wU c¶ _v‡K|

72
 ØvwqZ¡evnK ev ØvwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM© ev msMVb| ØvwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †¶‡Î Giv
AvBbMZfv‡e/bxwZMZfv‡e eva¨| ØvwqZ¡evnK Avevi wewfbœ ¯—‡ii n‡q _v‡Kb| †Kv‡bv
wbw`©ó `vwq‡Z¡ GKwU ØvwqZ¡evnK MÖ“‡c (†hgb: ‡Kv‡bv ms¯’v) wewfbœ ¯—‡ii ØvwqZ¡evnK
_v‡Kb| †mLv‡b GKRb Ab¨Rb‡K ev wefvM‡K Revew`wn PvB‡Z cv‡ib| Revew`wnZv
eë¯’vq Ici-bxP, bxP-Ici, cvkvcvwk me w`‡K Revew`wn PvIqvi my‡hvM _v‡K|
 AwaKvi‡fvMx e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©, ØvwqZ¡evnK hvi/ hv‡ì Rb¨ ‡Kv‡bv ØvwqZ¡cvjb K‡ib|
AwaKvi‡fvMx‡ì c¶ Aej¤^bKvix †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev MÖ“c/msMVbI GB c‡¶i Aš—
f©y³|
e¨w³MZ I †RvUe× Dfq cÖKv‡i Revew`wn PvIqv hvq|
4| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi cÖ‡kœ Ô†K Kvi Kv‡Q Revew`wn PvB‡e Avi †K Kvi Kv‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡eÓ
GLb Avgiv G wel‡q LuywUbvwU Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
5| cvkvcvwk emv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Rvov `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov `j‡K bx‡Pi Òwkï
AwaKvi cwi¯’wZ evK¨¸”QÓ †_‡K GKwU K‡i mieivn Ki“b|
mwVK `vwqZ¡evnK wPwýZ K‡i †K Kvi Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e Revew`wn PvB‡e Avi †K
Kvi/Kv‡ì Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e Revew`wn Ki‡e Zv wPwnèZ Ki“b|
Òwkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ evK¨¸”QÓ
1. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wd« eB †c‡Z 20 UvKv Rgv w`‡e nq |
2. we`¨vj‡q wk¶Kiv wbqwgZ K¬v‡k Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb bv |
3. wkï cvPv‡ii Lei cÖvqB cwÎKvš—‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q |
4. Kg©Rxex wkïiv w`‡b 14 N›Uv LvU‡Q |
5. M„nKgx© GK wK‡kvix wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q|
6. ivR‰bwZK wgwQ‡j AskMÖnYKvix 5 Rb wkï‡K a‡i wb‡q AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q cywjk|
7. cvV¨cy¯—‡K Ò‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mÓ Z_¨ weåvwš— NU‡Q |
8. nvmcvZv‡j Mjvq gv‡Qi KuvUv GK wK‡kvi mgq gZ wPwKrmv bv †c‡q gviv †M‡Q|
9. ‡bkvMÖ¯— GK wK‡kvi Pzwi Ki‡Z wM‡q aiv c‡o †e`g gvi †L‡q gviv †Mj|
10. 14 eQ‡ii wK‡kvix Av‡gbv‡K we‡q w`j Zvi gv-evev|
11. 2006 mv‡j 12 j¶ QvÎ QvÎx beg †kªYx‡Z †ev‡W© bvg †iwRw÷ª K‡iwQj |2008 mv‡j
GmGmwm cix¶vq AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q 6 jvL QvÎQvÎx
12. ‡mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb Av‡qvwRZ GK Abyôv‡b G‡m nvwi‡q †M‡Q ev‡Minv‡Ui GK wK‡kvi
13. wewoi KviLvbvq Kg©iZ 10% wK‡kvi wK‡kvix k¦vm cÖk¦vm RwbZ †iv‡M gvivZ¥K Amy¯’
n‡q nvmcvZv‡j fwZ©
14. mybvgM‡Äi nvIi GjvKvi 1 wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q gvÎ 1 Rb wk¶K | 5g †kªbxi 2 Rb
QvÎ †mLv‡b 1g I 2q †kªYxi QvÎ‡ì covq
15. KzwoMÖv‡gi Pi GjvKvq 5-10 eQi eqmx wkky‡ì 50% ¯‹z‡j hvq bv

73
16. wkï GKv‡Wgx MZ GK eQ‡i gvÎ 3wU eB cÖKvk K‡i‡Q |
6| GB me cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Ô†K Kvi Kv‡Q Kx Revew`wn , Kxfv‡e PvB‡e Avi †K Kvi Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e
Revew`wn Ki‡eÕ Zv †Rvov`‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †ei Ki‡Z ejyb| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K`j Zv‡ì
Av‡jvPbvi djvdj G-‡dvi mvBR KvM‡R wjL‡e| †Rvov `‡j Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ mgq _vK‡e 5
wgwbU |
7| Av‡jvPbv Ges †jLvi KvR †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov `j‡K Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj c‡o
†kvbv‡Z ejyb|
cov †kl n‡j KvMRwU msMÖn K‡i wbb|
8| ejyb †h, Revew`wnZvi Av¶wiK A_© ÒˆKwdqZÓ| wKš‘ wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP‡Z Revew`wnZv
gv‡b wbQK ˆKwdqZ Zje, ev †`vlviƒc Kiv bq| Revew`wnZv n‡”Q Kg©m~wP ev¯—evq‡b
mn‡hvwMZvg~jK,MVbg~jK Avi AskMÖnYg~jK GKwU eë¯’v|
9| Gevi, Revew`wnZv eë¯’vi myweav¸wj Kx ?- aviYvcÖKvk c×wZ‡Z mevi gZvgZ/aviYv msMÖn
Ki“b|
10| Zvici Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y Revew`wnZv eë¯’vi djcÖmy
w`KÓ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y Revew`wnZv eë¯’vi djcÖmy w`K
 GwU GKwU mn‡hvwMZvg~jK,MVbg~jK Avi AskMÖnYg~jK eë¯’v|
 GwU wkï Ges wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©bKvix GKwU eë¯’v|
 GKwU ¶gZvqbKvix eë¯’v|
 ‡h ‡Kv‡bv mgq cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K e‡j Revew`wnZv eë¯’v
ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì‡K `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b mRvM I mZK© iv‡L |
 wkï I Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ AwaKvi m‡PZbZv ev‡o|
 m¤ú‡ì myôz eënvi nq| Ab¨_vq cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
 hviv Revew`wnZv Pvq Zviv †¯^”Qvg~jK mn‡hvwMZv w`‡Z ˆbwZK ØvwqZ¡‡eva K‡i| Kg©m~wP
ev¯—evq‡b Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZv cvIqv hvq|
 wkï‡ì‡K mwμq bvMwiK Ges AwaKvi‡fvMx (ivBU †nvìvim) wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q|
 wkï Ges mswk−ó mKj c¶ Kg©m~wP‡K wb‡R‡ì Kg©m~wP wnmv‡e fve‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|
 wkï AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡b mKjc‡¶i mswk−óZv /NwbóZv evovq|
 ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì AwaKZi ØvwqZ¡kxj K‡i|

74
 Dbœqb cÖwμqv‡K MwZkxj K‡i|
 Kg©m~wPi dj me©`vB gvbm¤úbœ nq|
 Kg©m~wPi †UKmB jvf K‡i|
11| cÖ`wk©Z c‡q›U¸wji mv‡_ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Ìqv c‡q›U¸wj wgwj‡q wbb| Av‡iv bZzb †Kv‡bv
c‡q›U cvIqv †M‡j ZvwjKvq hy³ Ki“b|
12| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒRevew`wn eë¯’v Ki‡Yi DcvqÓ ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
Revew`wnZvi eë¯’v Ki‡Yi Dcvq
- AvBb, bxwZgvjv ‰Zwi K‡i
- AvBb bxwZgvjv f‡½i kvw¯— weavb K‡i
- cÖwZôvwbK cÖavb wefvM/cÖav‡b wb‡`©k/mvK©yjvi Rvixi gva¨‡g
- cÖwZkÖ“wZ †NvlYvi gva¨g
- wØ-cvw¶K Pzw³i gva¨‡g
- Revew`wnZvi BwZevPK w`K cÖPvi K‡i
- Revew`wnZvi eë¯’v wel‡q me©¯—‡i Rvbv‡bvi gva¨‡g
cÖ`k©b †k‡l ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY Ki‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡ì msMVbI ÓRevew`wnZv
eë¯’vKi‡YiÓ KvRwU Ki‡e| Pjyb `jxq A‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z Avgiv Gi GKwU MvBWjvBb ˆZwi Kwi|
13| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 3/ 4 wU `‡j fvM Ki“b | cÖZ¨K`j‡K bx‡Pi QKc~iY K‡i ÒRevew`wnZv
eë¯’vKi‡YiÓ †iLvwPÎ (AvDU jvBb) ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb| GR‡b¨ mgq w`b 15 wgwbU|
ÒRevew`wnZv eë¯’vKi‡YiÓ †iLvwPÎ (AvDU jvBb)
Kx eë¯’v Kxfv‡e ev¯—evwqZ n‡e?
14| `jxq cÖwZwbwa‡ì Avnevb Ki“b Zv‡ì †iLvwPÎ Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨| GK`‡ji Dc¯’vc‡bi
Ici Avb¨`‡ji m`m¨‡ì cÖkœ I gZvgZ ivLvi my‡hvM m„wó Ki“b|
15| mevB abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

75
Awa‡ekb 12
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY :wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
- Ac~iYK…Z I jswNZ wkï AwaKvi wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi jsN‡bi KviY I wkky AwaKvi cyi‡Yi evavmg~n wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi jsNb wbimb I wkky AwaKvi cyi‡Yi Rb¨ mwVK ØvwqZ¡evnK I Zv‡`i ØvwqZ¡
wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−l‡Yi 5wU avc wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ welqK Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni QK e¨vL¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-
c×wZ t cÖ`k©b, Abykxjb,‡QvU`j,evR`j
¯−vBW: wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY QK 1, wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY QK 2, AwaKvi
cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−l‡Yi avc
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
2| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wP Pμ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
3| ejyb, Kg©m~wP P‡μi cÖ_‡g Av‡Q - Ôwkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY|Õ GwU Avgv‡`i GLbKvi
Awa‡ek‡bi welq|
4| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ôwkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lYÕ- Gi 2wU QK cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges
Q‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K Ni m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

76
wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY QK 1
wkïi ‡Kvb& ev
†Kvb& †Kvb&
AwaKvi
jswNZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi
jsN‡bi KviY
¶wZMÖ¯—
wkï Kviv
Ges Zv‡ì
Kx ¶wZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi
jsNb Kvix
†K ev Kviv|
Zv‡ì
cwiPq I
Zv‡ì
mvgvwRK
Ae¯’vb
mswk−ó
ØvwqZ¡ evnK
KiYxq
cy~iY nqwb ‡h
(†h me)
AwaKvi
¶wZMÖ¯—
wkï Kviv
Ges Zv‡ì
Kx ¶wZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi
cyi‡Y evav
mswk−ó
ØvwqZ¡ evnK
KiYxq
QK c~i‡Yi MvBW jvBb
wkïi ‡Kvb& ev †Kvb& †Kvb& AwaKvi jswNZ n‡q‡Q? /cy~iY nqwb ‡h (†h me) AwaKvi:
‡eu‡P _vKv, weKvk - GiKg †gvUv`v‡Mi/¸”Qbv‡g bq, mywbw`©ó AwaKvii wPwnèZ Ki‡Z n‡e, hv GK
GKwU Bmy wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| AwaKvi¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e wkï AwaKvi mb‡` D‡j−wLZ
AwaKvi AbymiY K‡i|
AwaKvi jsN‡bi KviY: KviY mywbw`©©ó n‡Z n‡e| ¯^v_©wmw×, mvgvwRK wnsmv Av‡μvk, Øvwq‡Z¡
Ae‡njv, mbvZb ixwZ, A_ev Ab¨ hv-B wKQz †nvK bv †Kb mywbw©`ófv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e| ¶wZMÖ¯—
wkï Kviv Ges Zv‡ì Kx ¶wZ n‡q‡Q?: ¶wZMÖ¯— wkï †Q‡j bv †g‡q, Zviv Kx K‡I, Zv‡ì
mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vb,(†Kvb †kªYxi wkï), KZRb , †Kvb eq‡mi,AwaKvi jsNbKvixi mv‡_
Zv‡Ì m¤úK© Kx| Avi G me wkïiv Kx Kx fv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯—: kvixwiK, gvbwmK, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK
ev Ab¨ Kx †Kvbfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯—| Zvr¶wYK /mvgwqK ¶wZ I fwel¨Z ¶wZ¸wj Kx, ¶wZi gvÎv
eY©bv|

77
AwaKvi jsNb Kvix †K ev Kviv| Zv‡ì cwiPq I Zv‡ì mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb: cÖ‡qvRb
†¶‡Î bvg, c`we, Kg© cwiPq, ¯’vbxq bv evB‡ii, mvgvwRK ¶gZv KvVv‡gv‡Z Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb BZ¨vw`
we¯—vwiZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
mswk−ó ØvwqZ¡ evnK:mswk−ó ‡¶‡Î ØvwqZ¡evnK Kviv| g~L¨ ØvwqZ¡ evnK †K? Zv‡ì cwiPq Kx?
ØvwqZ¡ evnK wb‡R hw` AwaKvi jsNbKvix nb †m †¶‡Î g~L¨ ØvwqZ¡evnK †K? ØvwqZ¡ evnK‡ìMÖ“‡c
Avi Kviv Kviv Av‡QY?
KiYxq: †Kvb& ØvwqZ¡evn‡Ki/evnKMÖ“‡ci ØvwqZ¡¸wj Kx Kx?
AwaKvi c~i‡Y evav¸wj : evav¸wj Kx Kx? Øvwi`ª¨, Avw_©K mvg_©¨nxbZv? mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva
mswk−ó wKQ~? Øvqe×Zvi Afve, Am‡PZbZv, e¨w³ ev MÖ“‡ci †Kv‡bv ¯^v_© msμvš— welq? A_ev,
RvZxq cwjwm-i Afve, eivÏ †bB? A_ev Ab¨ wKQ~?
5| ejyb †h, 4wU `‡j fvM n‡q Avgiv QK c~i‡Yi KvR Ki‡ev|
7| AviI ejyb †h, QK c~i‡Yi mgq Avgiv Avgv‡ì Kg©m~wPi m‡½ RwoZ wkï, wkïi mgm¨v, wkïi
AwaKvi Gi welq gv_vq †i‡L KvR Ki‡eb|
8| 4wU `j MVb Ki“b| 1g I 3q `j‡K 1 b¤î QK Ges 2q I 4_© `j‡K 2 b¤î QK c~iY Ki‡Z
AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Avi GKv‡Ri Rb¨ mgq _vK‡e 40 wgwbU|
9| `jxq Av‡jvPbv I QK c~i‡Yi mgq `j¸wj‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv w`b|
10| Gici G‡K G‡K 4wU `j Zv‡ì c~iY Kiv QK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| GKwU `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †k‡l
Ab¨`j Zv‡ì Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v PvB‡Z cvi‡e civgk© w`‡Z cvi‡e|
11| meKwU `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡q †M‡j mevB‡K abëv` Rvbvb|
12| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| AwaKvi jsNb ev Ac~iY
AwaKvi Ôwkï AwaKviÕ mb‡ì Av‡jv‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi GKwU wbw`©ó AwaKvi jswNZ
nIqvi mv‡_ Av‡iv wKQz AwaKvi jsN‡bi NUbv N‡U _v‡K G welqwUI gv_vq wPš—vq ivL‡Z n‡e|
13| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wZb R‡bi evR `‡j fvM Ki“b| ejyb †h, wbh©vZ‡bi Av‡M,wbh©vZ‡bi mgq
Ges wbh©vZ‡bi c‡i GKwU wkïi GKvwaK AwaKvi jswNZ nq| †h †Kvb GK ai‡bi wkï wbh©vZb ev
wkï AwaKvi jsNb †e‡Q wb‡q 3wU ch©vq fvM K‡i jswNZ AwaKvi¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| evR
`‡j Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ 5 wgwbU mgq w`b|
Av‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji c¶ †_‡K Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

78
Awa‡ekb 13
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv - j¶¨ wba©viY
- wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- Pvwn`v wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨-Gi cv_©K¨ wPwnèZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv
c×wZ t cÖ`k©b, †QvU`j
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t wd¬cmxU, gvK©vi,†evW©, ¯−vBW: AwaKvi wfwËK j¶¨-Gi ‰ewkó¨ mg~n,
Pvwn`v wfwËK j¶¨ I AwaKvi wfwËK j¶¨-Gi cv_©K¨
cÖwμqv t
1| ejyb †h, Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Rvwb Dbœqb Kg©m~Pxi GKwU mvwe©K j¶¨ _v‡K| GB Ôj¶¨Õ K_vwUi
A_© n‡”Q eZ©gvb mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I cwi‡ek MZ Ae¯’vi wecix‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó mgqvš—‡i
Avgv‡ì cÖZ¨vwkZ mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK I cwi‡ekMZ Ae¯’v|
‡mB mv‡_ ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ ej‡Z eySvq cÖvc¨ m¤ú` eënvi K‡i GKwU
`xN© mgqvš—‡i Avgv‡ì Kg©m~wPi mKj GjvKvi mKj wkïi AwaKvi c~iY|
2| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨-Gi GB msÁvwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ ej‡Z cÖvc¨ m¤ú` eënvi K‡i GKwU `xN© mgqvš—
‡i Kg©m~wPi mKj GjvKvi mKj wkïi AwaKvi ¯’vqxfv‡e c~iY‡K eySvq |
3| GKwU welq †Rvi w`‡q ejyb †h, j¶¨ ej‡Z wkïi AwaKvi c~iY Kivi KvR‡K eySv‡e bv, Ggb
GKwU cwi‡ek‡K eySv‡e †hLv‡b wkïiv Zv‡ì AwaKvi †lv‡jv Avbv (100%) †fvM Ki‡Q|

79
4| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨-Gi Kx Kx êwkó¨ Zv R&b‡ev|
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨-Gi êwkó¨ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK j¶¨-Gi ‰ewkó¨ mg~n
- g~j j¶¨ AwaKvi c~iY| GB AwaKvi n‡”Q mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv Ges wkï AwaKvi
mb‡ì mywbw`©ó Aby‡”Q` mg~‡ni mv‡_ mivmwi m¤úK©hy³ AwaKvi|
- j¶¨ n‡e `xN© †gqv`x | K‡qK eQ‡i AR©b Kiv hv‡e GiKg cÖK‡íi gZ bq|
- wkï Ges wkïi AwaKvi‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i, cÖK‡íi KvR D‡Ïk¨ K‡i bq
- wkïi AwaKvi c~Y© AR©b (99% bq)
- KvR Kiv n‡j Kxfv‡e Zv Kiv n‡jv Zvi e`‡j wkïi Rb¨ Kx djvdj AR©b Kiv n‡jv Zvi
Ici ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc|
- wkï‡ì mgm¨v (Ab¨Kv‡iv ev mgvR ev cÖwZôv‡bi mgm¨v bq), wkï AwaKvi jsNb Ges A-
c~iY, mswk−ó KviY I evavmg~n‡K wfwË K‡i|
5| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv Ôj¶¨Õ wba©viY Abykxjb Ki‡ev| KvRwU Ki‡ev †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbvi
wfwË‡Z|
6| AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−l‡Y †h 4wU `‡j KvR K‡i‡Qb †mB GKB `‡j †_‡K j¶¨ MV‡bi
KvRwU Ki‡eb| e‡j w`b †h, cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY QK †_‡K Ôj¶¨Õ MV‡bi Dcv`vb msMÖn Ki‡Z
n‡e| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mgq †Ìqv n‡e 15 wgwbU|
7| `jxq KvR ïi“ nIqvi cy‡i LvwbKUv `‡ji mgmïv hLb Ôj¶¨Õ wba©vi‡Y †ek wKQzUv AMÖmi
n‡q‡Qb e‡j g‡b n‡e, ZLb cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j ÔPvwn`v wfwËK cÖKí j¶¨ I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px
j¶¨Õi Kwc mieivn Ki“b|
`‡ji cÖwZ AvnŸvb ivLyb †h, Zviv †hb Ôj¶¨Õ evK¨ †jLvi mgq mwVK cš’vwU Aej¤^b K‡ib|
8| `jxq KvR †kl n‡j me KwU `‡ji c¶ †_‡K Zv Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j Ab¨ `j †_‡K j¶¨
evK¨wU Av‡iv DbœZ Kivi civgk© w`‡Z ejyb|
9| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÔPvwn`v wfwËK cÖKí j¶¨ I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px j¶¨Õ
cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges `yB ai‡bi j‡¶ï Ici Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

80
Pvwn`v wfwËK cÖKí j¶¨ I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px j¶¨
Pvwn`v wfwËK Kg©m~Pxi j¶¨ AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Pxi j¶¨
2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨ wmWi `yM©Z ev‡MinvU
†Rjvi ¶wZMÖ¯— mKj cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq
†givg‡Zi eë¯’v K‡i QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì cov‡kvbvi
my‡hvM wbwðZ Kiv n‡e
ev‡Mi nvU †Rjvi mKj ¯‹zjMvgx eq‡mi wkï
wk¶vi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡e
2010 mv‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨vj‡q wkïi kvixwiK I
gvbwmK wbh©vZb eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e
we`¨vj‡q, cwiev‡i, Kg©¯’‡j, mgv‡R mKj wkï
mKj cÖKvi wbh©vZb †_‡K myi¶v jvf Ki‡e
‡gvnv¤§`cyi wiwdIwR K¨v‡¤ú wkï‡ì ¯^v¯’¨
cywói DbœwZ mvab Ges wkï g„Zz¨ nvi Kgv‡bv
evsjv‡`‡ki mKj wkï Zv‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi
†fvM Ki‡e
10| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ mwVKfv‡e w¯’i Kivi Dci Kg©mw~Pi mwVK djvdj
wbf©i K‡i|

81
Awa‡ekb 14
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv - D‡Ïk¨ MVb
- wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨-ev‡Kï KvVv‡gv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- SMART-Gi Av‡jv‡K wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ MVb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPi j¶¨,D‡Ï‡kï Av‡jv‡K Kvh©vejx I m~PK wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t cÖ`k©b, †QvU`j, QKc~iY
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖxt UªvÝcv‡iÝx: D‡Ïk¨ MV‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq, D‡Ïk¨ ev‡Kï AšZ©MZ
welq, SMART; ÒD‡Ïk¨, KvR I m~PK-Gi bgybvÓ kxl©K n¨vÛAvDU
cÖwμqv t
1| ejyb †h, Av‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ wba©viY Kivi †KŠkj
†R‡bwQ, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ Kxfv‡e MVb Kiv nq †m wel‡q
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
2| ejyb †h, Kg©myPxi Ôj¶¨Õ w¯’i n‡q †M‡j, Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ GK †mU ÔD‡Ïk¨Õ MVb Kiv nq| Avi
GB D‡Ïk¨ ej‡Z eySvq wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx cwieZ©b mvab Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| A_©vr †Kvb †Kvb Ae¯’vi /†¶‡Îi cwieZ©b NUv‡Z n‡e|
3| Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Rvbvb †h, wkï AwaKvi c~i‡Yi †¶‡Î 5 gvÎvi cwieZ©b we‡ePbv Kiv
nq| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 5 gvÎvi cwieZ©b cÖ`k©b Ki“b:
5 gvÎv cwieZ©b
1. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì Rxeb gv‡bi cwieZ©b
2. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b
3. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AskMÖnY Ges mwμq bvMwiKZvq cwieZ©b
4. mgZv I êlg¨nxbZvi cwieZ©b
5. wkï‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ mykxj mgvR I Kgy¨wbwUi m¶gZvq/mvg‡_©¨ cwieZ©b

82
4| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY †_‡K ÔKxÕ cwieZ©b NUv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb, AMÖvwaKvi
wfwË‡Z ‡KvbwU Av‡M NUv‡Z n‡e, Avi Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU KZ †ewk cwie©Zb NUv‡e-G cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K
D‡Ïk¨ w¯’i Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| AviI ejyb †h, mgm¨v D‡ë w`‡j D‡Ïk¨ MVb n‡q hvq - G iKg GKwU K_v Avgiv e‡j _vwK|
AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi ÔD‡Ïk¨Õ MVb Kivi †¶‡Î mgm¨vi w`K QvovI mgm¨vi KviY, djvdj Ges
mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c‡¶ Aš—ivq I `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki `vwqZ¡ (AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb Rvbv‡bv, AwaKvi
myi¶v Ges AwaKvi c~iY Kiv) G me w`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
6| Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ ev‡Kï AšZ©MZ welq e¨vL¨v
Ki“b|
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wbgœwjwLZ kã¸wj cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
D‡Ïk¨ ev‡Kï AšZ©MZ welq
Kx Kiv n‡e
†Kb Zv Kiv n‡e
Kv‡ì Rb¨
‡Kv_vq/ †Kvb ‡fŠMwjK GjvKv
KLb/ KZw`‡bi g‡a¨
Kxfv‡e /Kv‡ì gva¨‡g
7| ejyb †h, D‡Ïk¨ evK¨wU wjL‡Z n‡e SMART Gi Av‡jv‡K | Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨
SMART K_vwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b
SMART
S = Specific mywbw`©ó
M = Measurable cwigvc‡hvM¨
A = Achievable AR©b‡hvM¨
R = Relevant cÖvmw½K
T = Time mgqmxgv
9| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| me‡P‡q fvj nq - †h MÖ“‡c AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ
we‡k−lY Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †h MÖ“‡c Ôj¶¨Õ w¯’i Kiv n‡q‡Q †mB MÖ“‡c KvR Ki‡j)|

83
Avev‡iv Rvwb‡q w`b †h, cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY Kivi mgq Avgiv hv hv †`‡LwQ Zvi Av‡jv‡K GB
D‡Ïk¨ evK¨ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K`j 3wU ÔD‡Ïk¨Õ evK¨ MVb Ki‡e Ges G Rb¨ 30 wgwbU
mgq eivÏ _vK‡e|
12| Gevi †QvU`‡ji m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ ÒD‡Ïk¨, KvR I m~PK-Gi bgybvÓ kxl©K n¨vÛAvDU-Gi Kwc
wewj Ki“b|
ÒD‡Ïk¨, KvR I m~PKÓ-Gi bgybv
AwaKvi D‡Ïk¨ KvR m~PK
wk¶vi AwaKvi - eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wk¶v Kg©m~wP
mdj Kivi j‡¶¨ 2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨
Kg©m~wP GjvKvi evev-gv/AwffveK‡ì
m‡PZb Kivi gva¨‡g 5 eQi ev Z`ya©
eq‡mi †h me ‡Q‡j †g‡qiv ¯‹z‡j
hv‡”Q bv, ‡mBme ‡Q‡j †g‡q‡ì
wbqwgZ ¯‹z‡j †cÖiY
- gv-evev, cwievi ch©v‡q
wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ wel‡q
m‡PZbZv m„wó
-
% evev-gv
KZ©…K
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì
¯‹z‡j †cÖiY
we`¨vj‡q
kvixwiK I
gvbwmK wbh©vZb
†_‡K wkï‡ì
myi¶v
2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Kg©m~wP GjvKvi
mKj cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK we`¨vjq I
gv`ªvmvi cwiPvjbv KwgwUmg~‡ni
mn‡hvwMZvq mKj wk¶vj‡q wkï‡ì
Ici kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZb eÜ
Kiv|
-cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK
we`¨vjq I gv`ªvmvi
cwiPvjbv KwgwUmg~n‡K
wkïi myi¶vi AwaKvi
wel‡q m‡PZb Kiv I wkï
wbh©vZb ‡iv‡a mwμq Kiv
-
% wkï wbh©vZb
NUbvi mdj
†gvKvwejv
13| ejyb †h, Avgiv `‡j e‡m GwU co‡ev Ges GLvb †_‡K aviYv †b‡ev| Zvici Avgv‡ì w¯’i
Kiv j¶¨ a‡i AMÖmi n‡ev Ges GKB iKg QK c~iY K‡i D‡Ïk¨, KvR I m~PK mywbw`©ó Ki‡ev|
10| `jxq KvR ïi“ Ki“b Ges Ny‡i Ny‡i wewfbœ `‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv w`b|
15| QK c~iY †kl n‡j QK Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Avnevb Rvbvb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †k‡l
Ab¨`‡ji m`m¨‡ì gZvgZ/civgk© †R‡b wbb|
16| Awa‡ek‡bi mvi ms‡¶c †U‡b mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

84
Awa‡ekb 15
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY t ev¯—evqb
-Kg©m~wP ev¯—evqb cq©v‡qi KvR¸wj wPwnèZ K‡i GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-‡mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb-Gi Kg©m~wP ev¯—evq‡bi 3 ¯—¤¢¢ g‡Wj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk,cÖ`k©b,†QvU`j,÷vwW mv‡K©j
DcKiY /mnvqK mvgMªx: †evW©, wd¬ckxU I gvK©vi,UªvÝcv‡iÝx: ev¯—evqb ch©v‡qi Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv, 3
¯—¤¢ g‡Wj; 3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj n¨vÛ AvADU|
cÖwμqv t
cÖwμqv t
1| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R‡±i gva¨‡g wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi Pμ cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges ejyb †h, GB
Awa‡ekb Avgiv Kg©m~Px ev¯—evq‡bi welqwU Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
2| ÔKg©m~Px ev¯—evqb ch©v‡qi KvR¸wj Kx Kx ? - cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœ DË‡i
1wU K‡i c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b Ges cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi †Ìqv c‡q›U †ev‡W©/wd¬c kx‡U wjLyb|
3| mevi KvQ †_‡K c‡q›U msMÖn †kl n‡j, †KD hw` bZzb wKQz hy³ Ki‡Z Pvb Ab¨‡ì gZvgZ
wb‡q Zv hy³ Ki“b|
4| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqb Aš—M©Z Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv cÖ`k©b Ki“b
Ges Gi mv‡_ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Ìqv DËi wgwj‡q wbb|
Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqb Aš—M©Z Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv
Kg©cwiKíbv ˆZwi
`vwqZ¡ e›Ub
`vwqZ¡ KvVv‡gv ˆZwi
MvBW jvBb ˆZwi
m¤ú` mieivn
gwbUwis
AMÖMwZ cÖwZ‡e`b

85
5| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px ev¯—evq‡bi †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb GKwU aviYvMZ g‡Wj ˆZwi
K‡i‡Q| G‡K 3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
6| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqb
3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj
7| ejyb †h, g‡Wj Gi 3wU ¯—‡¤¢i e¨vL¨v `v‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv GLb 3wU †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
8| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 3wU †QvU `‡j fvM Ki“b Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K 1wU ¯—‡¤¢ welqe¯‘ wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j GK GKwU Av‡jvPbv †k‡l wbR wbR ¯—‡¤¢i e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
(20 wgwbU)
9| wZbwU `‡ji 2 Rb K‡i cÖwZwbwa‡K Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ WvKzb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Dc¯’vc‡bi ci
Ab¨`‡ji m`m¨‡ì gZvgZ/civgk© MÖnY Ki“b|
10| Gevi w3b ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj kxl©K n¨vÛAvBUwU weZiY Ki“b Ges ÷vwW mv‡K©‡j gva¨‡g
n¨vÛAvBUwU cv‡Vi eë¯’v wbb|
wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
k~b¨Zv c~i‡Y
Ki‡Z I
AwaKvi
j•Nb †iv‡a
mivmwi
Kg©KvÊ
AeKvVv‡gv I
Kvh©mva‡bi
e‡›`ve¯—
kw³kvjxKiY
mg_©K‡Mvôx
I Zv‡ì
mvg_©¨ M‡o
†Zvjv
m¤ú‡ì cÖvc¨Zv

86
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ev¯—evqb
wZb ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi ev¯—evqb †KŠkj wK n‡Z cv‡i †mf `¨v wPj‡Wªb †m e¨vcv‡i GKwU
g‡Wj Dbœqb K‡i‡Q| g‡WjwU †mf `¨v wPj‡Wªb cÖwZôvbmg~n I Askx`vi cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv eënvi
Ki‡Q Ges Zv‡ì M„nxZ Kg©m~wP¸wj‡K wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi †cÖ¶vcU w`‡q cwigvc Ki‡Q|
GB g‡WjwU GK¸”Q Kg©m~wPi mgvnvi, G¸wj ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³| Ges G¸wj GKm‡½ cwjZ n‡j
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y AwaK mvdj¨ e‡q Av‡b|
 AwaKvi c~iY Ki‡Z I AwaKvi j•Nb †iva Ki‡Z mivmwi Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv Kiv|
 cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv AeKvVv‡gv I Kvh©mva‡bi e‡›`ve¯— kw³kvjx Kiv|
 mg_©K‡Mvôx I Zv‡ì mvg_©¨ M‡o †Zvjv
D‡jL¨ †h, mKj G¨v‡cÖvPB c×wZMZfv‡e cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−l‡Yi Dci wbf©ikxj|
1g ¯—¤¢: AwaKvi c~i‡Y I AwaKvi j•Nb †iv‡a mivmwi Kg©KvÊ
GB K‡g©v‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g AwaKvi j•Nb I AwaKvi †fv‡Mi †¶‡Î we`¨gvb Am¤ú~Y©Zv `~i Ki‡Z
ev¯—e I mivmwi eë¯’v wb‡Z Drmvn †`qv n‡q‡Q|
we‡kl K‡i myi¶vi wewfbœ Bmy¨, †hgb msNl©Kv‡j wkï‡ì c„_K ivLv, evwYwR¨Kfv‡e †hŠb †kvlY,
wkï kªg BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î AwaKvi jw•NZ n‡j Dchy³ cÖwZwμqv Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges GKBm‡½ AwaKvi
k~b¨Zv c~i‡Y
Ki‡Z I
AwaKvi
j•Nb †iv‡a
mivmwi
Kg©KvÊ
AeKvVv‡gv I
Kvh©mva‡bi
e‡›`ve¯—
kw³kvjxKiY
mg_©K‡Mvôx
I Zv‡ì
mvg_©¨ M‡o
†Zvjv

87
†fv‡Mi †¶‡Î wewfbœ eë¯’vi I AskMÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i †hLv‡b †h Am¤ú~Y©Zv I Am½wZ i‡q‡Q Zv `~i
Kivi R‡b¨ Dchy³ Kg©cš’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b mivmwi cÖwZwμqv Rvbv‡Z n‡e| hv‡ì Gme
e¨vcv‡i `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q Zviv hv‡Z h_vh_ eë¯’v †bq I Zv‡ì M„nxZ Kvh© eë¯’v hv‡Z mwZ¨Kvifv‡e
Revew`wng~jK nq, †mme wbwðZ K‡i GBme Am¤ú~Y©Zv I Am½wZ `~i Ki‡Z n‡e|
2q ¯—¤¢: AeKvVv‡gv I Kvh©mva‡bi e‡›`ve¯— kw³kvjxKiY
wkïi AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î evav AwZμg Ki‡Z, Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z I μ‡gvbœqb cwiex¶Y
Ki‡Z ÔAeKvVv‡gvÕ kw³kvjx Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ GLv‡b wkïi AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î cÖ‡Yv`bv †Ìqv
I myi¶vi welqwU‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z AvBbMZ, ivR‰bwZK, cÖkvmwbK I KwgDwbwUi KvVv‡gv, cÖ_v I
c×wZi Dbœqb‡K GLv‡b eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ D‡`¨vM †hgb RvZxq wkï Kwgkb, b¨vqcvj,
wW‡dÛvim Ae wPj‡WªÝ ivBUm, msweavb I AvB‡bi ms¯‹vi, wkï‡ì Rb¨ ev‡RU, wkï‡ì Rb¨
KvDwÝj, Ges RvZxq Kg©cwiKíbv (†hgbÑ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi Rb¨ m¤ú‡ì cybe©Èb) Ñ
GmeB cwieZ©‡b MwZ mÂvi K‡i Ges wkï AwaKvi mb` ev¯—evq‡b AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q †hme RvqMvq
cwieZ©‡bi †Póv Kiv n‡”Q †mLv‡b fwel¨Z SzuwK n«vm K‡i|
3q ¯—¤¢: mg_©K‡Mvôx I Zv‡ì mvg_©¨ M‡o †Zvjv
mgv‡R wkï‡ì AwaKvi‡K mg_©b Kivi Rb¨ miKvi, wewfbœ †ckvRxex, cÖPvi gva¨g, †emiKvwi LvZ
I mykxj mgvR †_‡K wewfbœ e¨w³‡K wb‡q GKwU mg_©K †Mvôx M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯—‡i Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv wkï‡ì Rb¨ BwZevPK `„wóf½xm¤úbœ e¨w³eM© hv‡Z
e¨w³MZ fv‡e wkï AwaKvi i¶vq mg_©b w`‡Z cÖwZkÖ“wZe× nq †m Rb¨ GKwU mg_©K †Mvôx M‡o
†Zvjv AZ¨š— cÖ‡qvRb| GB mg_©K‡Mvôx M‡o †Zvjvi j¶¨ n‡”Q wm×vš—MÖnYKvix I RbgZ
m„wóKvix Ges wkï‡ì m‡½ m¤úK©i¶vKvix e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv e„w× I mg‡SvZv m„wó K‡i I
Zv‡ì cÖwZkÖ“wZe× K‡i GKwU wkï AwaKvi welqK KwgDwbwU M‡o †Zvjv| miKvi, ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
†ckvRxex, MY‡hvMv‡hvM gva¨g, †emiKvwi LvZ Ges mvaviY RbM‡Yi †fZi †_‡K wkï AwaKvi
wel‡q M‡o †Zvjv mg_©K‡Mvôx wkï AwaKvi wel‡q `xN©¯’vqx DbœwZ weav‡bi wfwË wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
÷vwW mv‡K©‡j GK GKRb GK GKwU †QvU Ask co‡eb Ges H wel‡q LvwbKUv e¨vL¨v w`‡eb|
ejyb †h, Kg©m~Px ev¯—evq‡bi †¶‡Î wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi 5 g~jbxwZ cvjb Ki‡Zn‡e| G
welqwU Avgiv GKwU wbw`©ó Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
11. mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡kb †kl Ki“b|

88
Awa‡ekb 16
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY t cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb
- cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi ‰ewkó¨mn msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
- ‡M−vevj Bgc¨v± gwbUwis Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
- cwieZ©‡bi mvaviY wRg gvÎv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t ‡Rvov`j, cÖ`k©b, †QvU`j
DcKiY t KvW©, †evW©, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, ¯−vBW: cwiex¶Y, g~j¨vqb, cwiex¶YI g~j¨vq‡bi
êwkó/Dcv`vb, cwieZ©‡bi mvaviY wRg gvÎv n¨vÛ AvDU
cÖwμqv t
1. Ask MÖnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
2. ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wkï AwaKviKg©m~wP Ki‡Y Ôcwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqbÕ wel‡q
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
3. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Rvov `‡j fvM Ki“b Ges cvkvcvwk Av‡jvPbv †_‡K gwbUwis I
g~j¨vqb ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS Zv †ei Ki‡Z ejyb|
4. 10 wgwbU Av‡jvPbvi ci cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov `j 2wU c„_K wfc Kv‡W© gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Gi
msÁv wjL‡eb|
5. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji KvW© msMÖn Ki“b Ges †ev‡W©i GKcv‡k ÔgwbUwisÕ Ab¨ cv‡k Ôg~j¨vqbÕ KvW©
†ev‡W© AvU‡K w`b|
6. `yB Rb Ask MÖnYKvixi mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q KvW©¸wj covi eë¯’v Ki“b|
7. KvW© Gi †jLv cov †kl n‡j Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi msÁv
cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

89
cwiex¶Y
cwiex¶Y n‡”Q GKwU mgqvbyM Aš—eZ©xKvjxb cÖwμqv hvi gva¨‡g
Kg©m¤úv`‡bi msL¨vMZ I M~YMZ Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i Zv c~e© cwiKwíZ j¶¨gvÎv
I gv‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
cwiex¶‡Yi welq:
KLb Kxfv‡e Kvi Øviv Kx Kiv K_v wQj ¿
Avi cÖK…Z Kx KvR n‡q‡Q?
‡h KvR †hfv‡e †h mg‡q nIqvi K_v wQj Zv n‡q‡Q Kx bv?
g~j¨vqb
g~j¨vqb GKwU cÖwμqv hvi gva¨‡g c×wZMZfv‡e Avi D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e
D‡Ï‡kï wbwi‡L †Kvb Kv‡Ri †hŠw³KZv, Kvh©KvwiZv I cÖfve wba©viY Kiv
nq|
g~~j¨vq‡bi welq:
‡Kb (A_©vr ‡Kvb KvR ev djvd‡ji Kvi‡Y)
†K ev Kviv Kxfv‡e KZLvwb DcK…Z ev ¶wZMÖ¯— nq
8| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi êwkó¨ /Dcv`vb cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi êwkó¨ /Dcv`vb
D‡Ïk¨ ‡dvKvm m~PK(BwÛ‡KUi)
cwiex¶Y Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ Kg© cwiKíbv BbcyU
cÖ‡mm
AvDUcyU
g~j¨vqb Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ BbcyU
cÖ‡mm
AvDUcyU
B‡d±
B‡¤ú±
B‡d± I B‡¤ú±
BwÛ‡KUi Gi Ici
†ewk ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv
nq

90
9| Gevi ejyb †h, Dbœqbg~jK cÖK‡í Ask MÖnYg~jK cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi Ici †Rvi †Ìqv nq
wKš‘ AwaKvi wfwË Kg©m~Px Ki‡Y cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡b AskMÖnY eo ai‡bi kZ©| Avi wkï AwaKvi
wfwËK Kg©m~Pxi cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ cwiKíbv I ev¯—evq‡b Aek¨B wkï‡ì AskMÖnY
wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| wkï‡Ì GB AskMÖnY `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z mvnv‡h¨ K‡i|
10| ejyb †h, cwiex¶Y Ges g~j¨vqb `y‡UvB ÔcwieZ©bÕ‡K Ly‡uR| Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î KZUzKz AMÖMwZ
n‡q‡Q Avi Ae¯’vi Kx cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q hv hvPvB K‡i cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb|
11| ejyb †h, cwieZ©b hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb Global Impact Monitoring (GIM)
bv‡g GKwU cwiex¶Y KvVv‡gv eënvi K‡i|
12| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i eënvi K‡i ÒwRg wKÓ ¯−vBWwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges c‡o †kvbvb|
wRg wK
wRg GKwU Pjgvb cÖwμqv hvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- wewfbœ ch©v‡q †mf w` wP‡ìªb-Gi Kv‡Ri
djvdjmn hv‡ì Rb¨ KvR Kiv n‡”Q, wewfbœ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Zv‡ì Kx Ges †Kvb cÖwμqvq
AMÖMwZ n‡q‡Q Zv we‡k−lY Kiv|
13| ejyb †h, GB wRg mvaviY cvuP gvÎvi cwieZ©b hvPvB K‡i |
14| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g hvPvB cwieZ©‡bi mvaviY wRg gvÎv kxl©K ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
cwieZ©‡bi mvaviY wRg gvÎv

91
15| Gevi cwieZ©‡bi mvaviY wRg gvÎv n¨vÛ AvDU-wU weZiY Ki“b| n¨vÛ AvDUwU ÷vwW mv‡K©j
c×wZ‡Z cv‡Vi e¨ve¯’v wbb|
†Kvb& †Kvb& AwaKvi AwaKZi c~iY n‡”Q? †Kvb& †Kvb& AwaKvi Av‡Mi gZ jswNZ n‡”Q bv|
‡Kvb †Kvb AwaKvi fvjfv‡e c~iY n‡”Q? †Kvb AwaKvi GLb Avi jw½Z n‡”Q bv? KZ wkï Avi
Zi“b‡Ì (%) Rxebgvb DbœZ n‡q‡Q?
2. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©bmg~n
wZbwU cÖavb fv‡M:
 bxwZgvjvq cwieZ©b : †hgb, bZzb AvBb ˆZwi Av_ev we`¨ggvb AvB‡b cwieZ©b mvab
 bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b: ‡hgb,bZzb AvBb ev¯—evqb, †mevi ¸YMZgvb cwieZ©b
2
55 wwRRgg ggvvÎÎvv II wwkkïï AAwwaaKKvviiKKgg©©mm~~wwPPKKiiYY gg~~jjbbxxwwZZggvvjjvv
Revew`wnZv
mgZv I
êlg¨nxbZv
‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk
AskMÖnY
Best Interest of the Child
Changes in the lives of
children and young people
wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y
bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b
wkï I Zi“Y‡ì
mgZv I êlg¨nxbZvq
cwieZ©b
wkï‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ mykxj
mgvR I Kgy¨wbwUi mvg‡_©¨ cwieZ©b
wkï I Zi“Y‡ì
AskMÖnY Ges
mwμq bvMwiKZvq
cwieZ©b

92
 `„wófw½ I a¨vb aviYvq cwieZ©b: †hgb, wkï AwaKvi c~iY Ki‡Z, myi¶v Ki‡Z Ges
wkï AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ kª×vkxj nIqvi wel‡q ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì aviYv ¯^”QZi n‡q‡Q | Zviv
AviI †ewk `vwqZ¡kxj n‡q‡Qb| wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© I wkï AwaKvi we‡ePbv K‡i
`vwqZ¡evnKiv bxwZgvjv ˆZwi Ges ev¯—evqb Ki‡Qb|
 Avgv‡ì Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖZ¨¶ AskMÖnY/RwoZ nIqv: †hgb. Kg©m~wP cwiKíbvq cÖfve LvUv‡bv,
Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMÖnY †_‡K wk¶v Avi cwiex¶Y, g~j¨vqb I cÖfve hvPvB‡q †hvMvb (BbcyU)
†Ìqv BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î wkï‡ì m¶gZv e„w×|
 Kg©m~wP/Kg©m~wP ch©v‡qi evB‡i cÖfve LvUv‡bvi †¶‡Î wkï I Zi“Y‡ì m¶gZv e„w×: †hgb-
o wkï‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi cÖfvemg~n: m¶gZv, AvZ¥-m‡PZbZv, ¯^vaxbfv‡e wm×vš—
MÖnY, mgm¨ mgvav‡bi `¶Zv BZ¨vw`|
o eq¯‹‡ì Ici Ges e„nËi mgv‡R cÖfve we¯—vi: eq¯‹ I wkï‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©,
eq¯‹‡ì Ges e„nËi mgv‡Ri `„wófw½|
o evB‡ii cwi‡e‡k cÖfvemg~n: Zv‡ì fv‡jv g‡›ì m‡½ RwoZ bxwZgvjv I AvBb
wewa ˆZwi, ms‡kvab I ev¯—evq‡b cÖfve LvUv‡bv|
 bxwZgvjv I Kg©m~wP‡Z, †mevq Ges mgv‡Ri cÖvwš—K wkï‡ì Aš—fy©³ Kiv|
 ‡Kvb wkïi Kv‡Q GL‡bv Avgiv †cŠuwQ wb?
 GBme wkï‡Ì Rb¨ Avgiv Kx cwieZ©b NUv‡Z †c‡iwQ? Wkïiv Kx mevB mgvbfv‡e
jvfevb n‡q‡Q? hw` Zv bv n‡q _v‡K, †Kb nqwb?
 Ab¨vb¨ msMVb wkï AwaKvi-Gi `vwe‡Z mwμq|
 mgv‡Ri wewfbœ MÖ“c Ges e¨w³eM© wkï AwaKvi j½‡bi wel‡q AwaKZi m‡PZb,
Zviv wkï AwaKvi mswk−ó ØvwqZ¡evnK wPwnèZ Ki‡Z m¶g Ges ØvwqZ¡evn‡ì‡K
Zviv Revew`wn iv‡Lb|
 wkï AwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡¶ ‡RvU, †bUIqK©-G AskMÖnY e„w×| Zv‡ì Av¯’v e„w×
†c‡q‡Q, HK¨gZ¨ MwVZ n‡q‡Q, Ges ‡hŠ_ Kg©m~wP MÖn‡Yi mvg_©¨ †e‡o‡Q|
16| ejyb †h, GLb Avgiv GB 5 gvÎvi cwieZ©b gv_vq †i‡L cwieZ©‡bi m~PK wbe©vPb Abykxjb
Ki‡ev|

93
17| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5 wU †QvU`‡j fvM Ki“b| ejyb †h, wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨, ‡hŠb wbh©vZb I †hŠb
†kvlY †_‡K wkï‡ì myi¶v, wkï cvPvi cÖwZ‡iva, SuywKc~Y© kªg‡_‡K wkï‡ì i¶v, - GB 5wU
AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPi Av‡jv‡K Avgiv cwieZ©bmg~‡ni m~PK wbe©vPb Ki‡ev| m~PKmg~n Aek¨B 5
gvÎvi cwieZ©b KvVv‡gv Ab~mv‡i n‡Z n‡e|
18| cÖ‡Z¨K`j‡K GK GKwU welq wb‡q `jxq KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z ejyb| Zv‡ì‡K 30 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨
`jxq KvR †kl Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki“b|
19| `jxq KvR †k‡l `‡ji c¶ †_‡K Kv‡Ri djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| GK`‡ji Dc¯’vcb
†kl n‡j Ab¨`‡ji m`m¨‡ì gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi eë¯’v wbb|

94
Awa‡ekb 17
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ eënvi
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY QK e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY QKÓ c~i‡Yi gva¨‡g 5 g~jbxwZ eënv‡ii †PKwj÷
ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv
c×wZ t cÖ`k©b. †QvU`j
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMªxt Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, †evW© , wd¬ckxU, UªvÝcv‡iÝx: wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY
QK,, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY QK c~iYK…Z QK
cÖwμqv t
1| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY QKÓ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY QK
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
wkï AwaKvi
cwiw¯’wZ
we‡k−lY
cwiKíbv ev¯—evqb cwiex¶Y I
g~j¨vqb
êlg¨nxbZv g~jbxwZ
m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v g~jbxwZ
‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ

95
2| ejyb †h, GB Q‡K 20wU Ni Av‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K N‡ii welq Ab¨ Ni¸wj †_‡K Avjv`v| GK GKwU
Ni a‡i H N‡ii welq Kx n‡e Zvi Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Ki“b|
3| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4 wU †QvU`‡j fvM Ki“b| wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY, cwiKíbv, ev¯—
evqb, gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb GB 4 wel‡qi GK GKwU wb‡q GK GK `j QK c~i‡Yi KvR Ki‡e|
QKwU‡K 4 fv‡M fvM K‡i Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
1g `j
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi g~jbxwZ
mg~n
m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_© i¶v
g~jbxwZ
‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk
g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
2q `j
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY-
Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n
cwiKíbv
g~jbxwZ
g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ

96
3q `j
Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n
ev¯—evqb
g~jbxwZ
g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
4_© `j
Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n
gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb
g~jbxwZ
g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
4| ejyb †h, GLb Avgiv 4 `‡j 4wU QK c~iY Ki‡ev| cÖ‡Z¨K`j GK GKwU wel‡q 5 g~jbxwZ
cÖ‡qv‡Mi †PK wj÷ ˆZwi Ki‡e| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mgq cvIqv hv‡e 30 wgwbU|`jxq Kv‡Ri
djvdj wd¬ckx‡U wjL‡Z ejyb|

97
5| `jxq KvR ïi“ Ki“b Ges Ny‡i Ny‡i 4wU `‡j mn‡hvwMZv w`b|
6| Gici `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K cÖwZwbwa‡K Avnevb Ki“b| GKwU `‡ji
Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j Ab¨`‡ji m`m¨‡ì gZvgZ MªnY Ki“b|
7| Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j c~iY Kiv 4wU QK Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ
 cÖvß cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨mg~n‡K wj½, cÖwZeÜxZv/A¶gZv, †kªYx, b„ZvwË¡K
cwiwPwZ BZ¨vw` w`‡q fv‡M fv‡M Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 DÏxó MÖ“‡ci †fZ‡i, wewfbœ MÖ“‡ci g‡a¨ I Ab¨vb¨ wkïi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ I
êlg¨RwbZ Bmy¨ wK wK wQj? †m¸wj wKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Kiv n‡q‡Q?
 0-18 eQ‡ii mKj eq‡mi wkïi mgm¨v wPwn~Z Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 DÏxóMÖ“‡ci wkï QvovI Ab¨ wkï‡Ì Z_¨ msMÖn I we‡k−Y Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 †h me evjK-evwjKvi ¶gZv A‡c¶vK…Z Kg, Zv‡ì ¶gZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK?
 wj½ welqK we‡k−lY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 mvgvwRKfv‡e ev`cov wkï‡ì Z_¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q wK? Zv‡ì mgm¨v/Amyweav
†`Lv n‡q‡Q wK?
 wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv, weKvk, m~i¶v, AskMÖn‡Yi mKj AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ wel‡q Z_¨
msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 ¶wZMÖ¯—, wcwQ‡q cov I mgvwRKfv‡e ev` cov wkï‡ì Rb¨ msMÖ‡ni we‡kl
eë¯’v wQj wK?

bxwZ  †h DÏxó ev DÏxó bq Ggb evjK-evwjKv‡ì Dci GB Kv‡Ri GKwU †bwZevPK
cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i wK?

98
 Z_¨ cÖKvk n‡j ¶wZi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i, Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni †ejvq Ggb wkïi
cwiPq †Mvcb ivLvi eë¯’v wQj wK?
 m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶v bv K‡i wkïi Rb¨ wm×vš— †bIqv n‡qwQj-GiKg `„óvš—
msMÖn Kiv AwaKvi n‡qwQj wK?
 cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−l‡Yi mgq wkïi fv‡jv-g‡›ì welq¸wj h_v_©fv‡e we‡k−wlZ
n‡qwQj wK?
bxwZ
 Zv‡ì wk¶v I ¯^v¯’¨welqK cwimsL¨vb c„_K c„_Kfv‡e (†hgb eqm, wj½,
cÖwZeÜxZv, BZ¨vw`) †`Lv n‡q‡Q wK? cÖfve cwigv‡ci Rb¨ cÖKí PjvKvjxb
cy‡iv mg‡q msL¨vMZ I gvbMZ m~PK¸wj mieivn Kiv n‡qwQj wK?
 wkï‡ì ¯^vfvweKfv‡e weKwkZ nIqvi ¶gZv‡K kbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 ‡eu‡P _vKv weKv‡ki R‡b¨ eq¯‹‡ì mbvZb wek¦vm I AvPiYmg~‡ni Z_¨ msMÖn
Kiv n‡qwQj wK? Gi djvdj wkïi Ici wK fv‡e cÖwZwμqv K‡I Zv Rvbvi
eë¯’v wQj wK?
 Z_¨msMÖ‡ni Kv‡R Kg©Rxex wkïi Avw_©K ¶wZ cywl‡q †Ìqvi eë¯’v wQj wK?
AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ  wewfbœ eqm MÖ“‡c fvM K‡i(0-5,6-10, 11-4, 14-18) wkï‡Ì gZvgZ
†bIqv n‡qwQj wK?
 cÖvß Z_¨ we‡k−l‡Yi mgq wkï‡ì mv‡_ A‡jvPbv n‡qwQj wK?
 Z_¨ we‡k−lY cÖwZ‡e`b wkï‡ì Rvbv‡bvi eë¯’v Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡qwQj wK?
 eo‡ì mv‡_ wkï‡ì GK‡Î Ges Avjv`vfv‡e wkï‡ì Øviv Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni eë¯’v
wQj wK?
 wkk~‡ì †Ìqv mKj Z_¨ ‡iKW© Kivi eë¯’v wQj wK? wkï‡ì msM„nxZ/†Ìqv
Z_¨ h‡_ó ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q ‡`Lv n‡q‡Q wK?
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
 Z_¨ msMÖn I we‡k−l‡Yi mgq wkï‡ì mKj cÖ‡kœi Reve †Ìqv n‡qwQj wK?
 Z_¨ msMÖnKvix eo‡ì ‡Kv‡bv wel‡q †`vlx/`vwq K‡i wkïiv mvg‡b ev Avov‡j
wKQz e‡j _vK‡j †m welq wb‡q wkï‡ì mv‡_ †Lvjv‡gjv K_v ejv n‡q‡Q wK?
 Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni mnvqZvg~jK Kv‡R wkk~‡ì Rb¨ eivÏ wel‡q wkïiv †Kv‡bv K_v
DÌvcb K‡i _vK‡j †m wel‡q ¯^”QZv Avbv n‡q‡Q wK?


99
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY we‡k−lY QK
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
cwiKíbv
êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ * GB cÖKí ev Kg©m~wP †_‡K wfbœ wfbœ mvgvwRK cwiwPwZi ev MÖ“‡ci evjK-evwjKviv
wfbœ wfbœ Dcv‡q DcK…Z n‡e wK? DËi nu¨v n‡j, wKfv‡e? GwU wK Ggb GKwU
mgwš^Z G¨v‡cÖvP hv wbwðZfv‡e mevi Rb¨ AskMÖnYg~jK Ges mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³?
Gi g‡a¨ ¶gZvq‡bi †KŠkj¸wj‡K Aš—fy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
* GB cÖKí wK êlg¨ `~i Kivi j‡¶¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q? (eqm, cÖwZeÜxZv, wj½, b„ZvwË¡K
cwiwPwZ, †kªYx, GBPAvBwf/GBWm Avμvš—, BZ¨vw`)| G e¨vcv‡i we`¨gvb
g‡bvf½x, cÖ_v, AvBb Ges bxwZmg~n m¤ú‡K© wPš—v Ki“b|
* êlg¨ I Mrevav mvgvwRK cÖ_v eÜ Kivi Rb¨ jovB Ki‡Z m¤ú` GKÎ Ki‡Z
miKv‡ii Kv‡Q ev AskMÖnYKvix Ab¨vb¨‡ì Kv‡Q ZwØi (lobby) Kivi cwiKíbv
i‡q‡Q? G‡Z wK wj½, †kªYx, eqm, BZ¨vw` LvZIqvix miKvwi Z_¨ (†hgb e¨q
eivÏ, cÖK…Z e¨q, cÖfve) msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ ZwØiI Aš—fy©³ i‡q‡Q?
bxwZ
 GB ¯^cœKí ˆZwi‡Z evjK I evwjKviv Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q wK? cÖKí cwiKíbv I
ev¯—evqbKv‡j evjK-evwjKv‡ì m‡e©vËg ¯^v‡_©i welqwU cy‡ivcywi we‡ePbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q wK?
 wKfv‡e ev‡RU eivÏ Kiv n‡q‡Q? GUv DÏxó evjK-evwjKv‡ì m‡e©vËg ¯^v‡_©i
w`‡K ZvwK‡q H ev‡RU Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 cÖwZwU wkï hv‡Z e¨w³MZfv‡e me©vwaK DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡i †mB †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q
wK?
* miKvi I wb‡qvwRZ Ab¨vb¨ c¶ hv‡Z wm×vš— MÖnY I bZzb AvBb BZ¨vw` cÖYq‡bi
Av‡M wj½ Ges wkï‡ì Dci Zvi m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve m¤ú‡K© we‡k−lY K‡i †m Rb¨
ZwØi Kivi cwiKíbv G‡Z i‡q‡Q wK?
bxwZ
 GB Kg©m~wP mKj evjK-evwjKvi ‡eu‡P _vKvi wewea welq I weKv‡ki
cÖ‡qvRb‡K DÏxó K‡i cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q wK? GB cÖK‡í wewfbœ ai‡bi Ae‡njv,
wnsmªZv, Aceënvi Ges †kvlY BZ¨vw` cÖwZ‡iv‡ai ev H msμvš— mgm¨v¸wj
mgvav‡bi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?

100
 fy³‡fvMx evjK-evwjKv‡ì ˆ`wnK, DcjwäRvZ, Av‡eMxq, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK
I Ava¨vwZ¥K Dbœqb wbwðZ I `„pKi‡Yi Rb¨ eûLvZ wewkó G¨v‡cÖvP (multi-
sectoral approach) MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ
 Kg©cwiKíbv, kbv³KiY, cwiKíbv, iƒc‡iLv cÖ¯‘wZ, ev¯—evqb I g~j¨vq‡bi
mKj ¯—‡i evjK-evwjKv‡ì gZvgZ‡K Aš—fy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 wewfbœ MÖ“‡ci evjK-evwjKv‡ì gZvgZ‡K we‡ePbvq †bIqv n‡q‡Q wK? Hme
gZvgZ‡K GKB gvb`‡Ê we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? cÖvmw½K I cÖvKvk¨ Z_¨vw`
mieivn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? wkï‡ì wb‡R‡ì weKwkZ Kivi ¶gZv‡K gh©v`v †`qv
n‡q‡Q wK?
 wkï‡ì cÖwZwbwZ¡ K‡i‡Q wkï‡ì Øviv wbe©vwPZ wkï bv eq¯‹‡ì Øviv g‡bvbxZ
wkï?
 wkï‡ì †Kv‡bv AvcwË cybw©e‡ePbv Kiv n‡qwQj wK?
 mKj wkï hv‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ wKQy we‡kl eë¯’v †bqv n‡q‡Q
wK? evjK-evwjKviv hv‡Z †R‡b ey‡S wb‡R‡ì cQ›` w¯’i Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨
wK ai‡bi mvnvh¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
 cwiKíbv P~ovš— Kivi mgq wkï‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi e¨¯’v wQj wK? Gmgq
wkïiv †Kv‡bv cÖ¯—ve wb‡q _vK‡j Zv MÖnY Kiv n‡qwPj wK? A_ev MÖnY bv Kivi
welqwU wkï‡ì mv‡_ ‡Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g w¯_i Kiv n‡qwQj wK?
 wkk‡ì AskMÖnY evov‡bvi R‡b¨ Ges gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡qwPj
wK?
 cwiKíbvKv‡j eo‡ì mv‡_ wkï‡ì Av‡jvPbvq wØ-gywL †hvMv‡hvM cÖwμAv
Kvh©Kix wQj wK?
 cÖKí cwiKíbv I ev¯—evq‡b mswkó evjK-evwjKv‡ì gZvgZ wK PvIqv n‡q‡Q
Ges Zv‡ì gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z wK wK eë¯’v †bIqv n‡q‡Q?

101
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
ev¯—evqb
êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ  GB cÖKí ev Kg©m~wP wK †Kvb GKwU MÖ“‡ci wkï‡ì AwaKZi †fv‡Mi welq
wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q hv Ab¨ MÖ“‡ci wkïiv †fvM Ki‡Q bv? hw` ZvB nq, †mUv wK
Dchy³ KvR n‡”Q?
bxwZ
 cÖKí ev¯—evq‡bi mgq wkï‡ì m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi bxwZwU me‡P‡q eo K‡i
 GLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ Avi wK wK ¯^v_© RwoZ i‡q‡Q Ges we‡ivac~Y© welq¸wji wb®úwË
wKfv‡e Kiv n‡q‡Q?
bxwZ
 ¶wZMÖ¯— wkï‡ì AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z mn‡hvwMZv †Ìqv n‡qwQj wK ?
 wkïi weKvk we‡ivax mbvZb aviYvi wei“‡× Ae¯’vb †bŠqv n‡qwQj wL?
AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ  wkï‡ì Dci cÖfve †d‡j Ggb †Kvb wKQy Kivi mgq hv‡Z Zv‡ì gZvgZ‡K
we‡ePbvq †bIqv nq †m Rb¨ miKvi I Ab¨vb¨ AskMÖnYKvixi wbKU ZwØi Kiv
n‡q‡Q wK? wkï‡ì Kv‡Q cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Ggbfv‡e †`qv n‡q‡Q wK hv Zviv eyS‡Z
cv‡i?
 wkï‡ì msMwVZ Kivi †Kv‡bv D†`¨vM †bIqv n‡qwQj wK?
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
 ØwqZ¡ evnK‡Ì Revewnwn Kivi †Kv‡bv eë¯’v wQj wK? †m ¯ú‡K© wkï‡Ì
Rvbv‡bvi eë¯’v Kiv n‡qwQj wK?
 Revew`wn PvŠqvi R‡b¨ wkï‡Ì DØy× Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 Wkï‡Ì KvQ †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Avnevb Kiv n‡h‡Q wK?
 Reve PvIqvi Av‡M AbywgZ cÖ‡kœi Reve †`Šqvi †Póv wQj wK?
 wkï‡ì cÖkœ _vwg‡q †Ìhvi/Reve Gwo‡q hvIqvi `„óvš— wQj wK?

102
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY we‡‡k−lY QK
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb
êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ  cÖK‡í/Kg©m~wPwU‡Z wj½ welqwU‡K wK MZvbyMwZK I cÖ_vgvwdK Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q, bvwK G e¨vcv‡i cwieZ©b‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
 Kg„m~wPi myweav †_‡K ev` c‡owQj wK †Kv‡bv wgï?
 ‡KD †ewk jvfevb, †KD Kg jvfevb n‡q‡Q- Ggb `„óvš— mOMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q
wK?
bxwZ
 wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v K‡i wm×vš— MÖnY bv Kivi `„óvš— msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
G †¶‡Î wkï †h ai‡Yi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q, †h †h AwaKvi jswNZ n‡q‡Q Zvi
weeiY msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
bxwZ  ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki †¶‡Î Kg©m~wPi cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ cÖfve hvPvB Kiv n‡q‡Q
wK?
 Kg©m~wP PjvKv‡j †Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡M cwZZ ev ¶wZMÖ¯— wkï‡K AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z
mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki Rb¨ KvVv‡gvMZ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Avbv n‡q‡Q wK?
AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ  wkï‡ì mKj MÖ“‡ci wkk‡ì gZvgZ †bIqv n‡qwQj wK?
 cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb wU‡g I cÖwμqvq wkï cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK?
 msMwVZ wkï MÖ‡ci cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK?

103
 cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘‡Zi mgq wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK?

`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
 cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv I Zv ev¯—evq‡b wkky‡ì †Kv‡bv AvcwË
ev Aby‡hvM D_&_vc‡bi eë¯’v wQj wK?
 wkï KZ©„K eo‡ì Revew`wn Kivi Rb¨ cÖwμqv Pvjy n‡q‡Q wKbv?
 Revew`wn Kivi mgq wkï‡ì AvPi‡Y `„pZv _v‡K wK?
 wkï‡ì Revew`wn PvIqvi †iKW© msi¶‡Yi eë¯’ wQj wK?

8| cÖ‡Z¨K`‡ji m`m¨‡ì‡K ejyb c~iY Kiv QK -Gi mv‡_ Zv‡ì ˆZix †PKwj÷ wgwj‡q wb‡Z|
9| me‡k‡l ejyb †h, GB QK n‡”Q wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Ki‡Yi mvivrmvi iƒc| mevB‡K abëv`
Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

104
Awa‡ekb 18
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb
- wkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkk~ AwaKviwfwËK msMV‡bi cvjbxq g~jbxxZgvjvmg~n e¨Lv¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, †QvU`j, cÖ`k©b
wd¬c kxU, gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, ¯−vBW: AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv, wkï AwaKvi
wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv,wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv; wkky
AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv n¨vÛ AvDU|
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb|
2| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb †h, Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY wel‡q †R‡bwQ| GB Awa‡ek‡b
Avgiv wkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
3| AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi
KvQ †_‡K G cÖ‡k&Yi Dëi msMÖn Ki“b|
AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv¸wj †ev‡W© wjLyb| wb‡RI †Kv‡bv aviYv †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
4| ejyb †h, GKwU msMV‡bi Kg©xiv msMV‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U AwaKvi-aviK(Rights Holders)
Avi msMVb n‡”Q ØvwqZ¡evnK( Duty Bearers)| AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v GLv‡b GKBfv‡e Kvh©Ki|
ØvwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e msMV‡bi ØvwqZ¡ n‡”Q mKjKg©xi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ mgvb m¤§vb ‡cvlY Kiv,
Zv‡ì AwaKvi myi¶v Kiv Ges AwaKvi c~iYKiv| ZvB AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb ej‡Z Avgiv
Ggb GK msNVb‡K eywS †h, msMVb gvbevwaKvi g~j¨‡eva Ges bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i wbR¯^
bxwZgvjv ˆZwi K‡I Ges Zv h_vh_fv‡e PP©v K‡i|
5| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒAwaKvi wfwËK msMVbÓ kxl©K ¯−vBWwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

105
6| ejyb †h, GKBfv‡e wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb ej‡Z Avgiv Ggb msMVb‡K eyS‡ev †h
msMVb h_v_©B gvbevwaKvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv Øviv cwiPvwjZ Avi †h msMVb Zvi wfkb,
wgkb Øviv wkï AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ A½xKvive× Ges cÖ‡hvR¨ kZ© mg~n cÖK…ZB cvjb K‡i
wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKiY K‡i _v‡K|
7| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVbÓ kxl©K ¯−vBWwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
8| Gevi ejyb †h, wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ 5 wU| †m¸wj n‡”Q:
êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ, AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v I b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ, Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ, AskMÖnY
I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ Ges I wkï‡ì mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ|
7| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjvÓ kxl©K
¯−vBWwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv
 êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
 AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v Ges b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
 Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
 AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ
 wkï‡ì mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ
8| Gici AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5 wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z 5
g~jbxwZgvjvi cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡q e¨vL¨v ùvo Kiv‡Z ejyb| Avi G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 20 wgwbU mgq w`b|
`jxq A‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K`j‡K Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj wd¬c kx‡U wjL‡Z ejyb|
9| `jxq A‡jvPbv Ges wd¬c wk‡U †jLvi KvR †kl n‡j djvdj Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K `j
†_‡K Zv‡ì cÖªwZwbwa‡ì Avnevb Rvbvb|
cÖ‡Z¨K`‡ji Dc¯’vcb †k‡l Ab¨ `‡ji m`mïv Zv‡ì gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb |
10| Gevi, AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ kxl©K n¨vÛ
AvDUwU weZiY Ki“b Ges ÷vwW mv‡K©j c×wZ‡Z Zv cv‡Vi eë¯’v wbb|

106
wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ
‰elg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ êwPÎ¨ ev wewfbœ Bmy¨ Ges H Bmy¨¸wj wKfv‡e GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Rbej
wb‡qv‡M Ges wbe©vPb bxwZ Ges Kvh© c×wZ, mw¤§wjZ mvs¯‹…wZK cwigÊ‡j Kv‡R, fvlv I Abyev‡ì
†¶‡Î bxwZ, †eZb Ges my‡hvM-myweavi KvVv‡gv I myweavw` cvIqvi †¶‡Î GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi †bIqv
G¨v‡cÖvP my¯úófv‡e Zvrch© enb K‡i| mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi Dc‡iv³ Bmy¨¸wj Luy‡R †ei
K‡i ÒwWMwbwU IqvK©Ó e¨vbv‡i †m m‡ei cÖwZweav‡bi †Póv Pj‡Q|
Kvh©Z Avgv‡ì cÖwZôv‡b êlg¨ n«vmKi‡Yi A_© ùvovqÑ
 Ggb GKUv Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv †hLv‡b êwPÎ ev wfbœZv‡K cÖ‡Yv`bv †Ìqv nq Ges hvi
j¶¨ AmgZv I Kzms¯‹vi‡K `~i Kiv, †hgb Kg©iZ RbK-Rbbx‡ì Kv‡Ri myweavRbK mgq
wbe©vPb Kiv, cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv|
 †h wfbœZvi cwiw¯’wZi I KwgDwbwUi †cÖ¶vc‡U Avgiv KvR Kie, Zvi m‡½ msMwZ †i‡L Ggb
Kgx© evwnbx M‡o Zzje, hv‡Z †mB wfbœZvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _v‡K, †hgbÑ wb‡qvMwewa‡K †mfv‡e ˆZwi
Kiv|
 Ggb GKwU Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv †hLv‡b cÖwZwU e¨w³i Rb¨ _vK‡e m¤§vb| †m Zvi Kv‡Ri
mgq gh©v`v eRvq ivL‡Z cvi‡e, Ges wb‡R‡K nqivbx †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †hgbÑ Dchy³
AvPiYwewa|
 cÖwZôv‡bi wewa-eë¯’vq êlg¨nxbZvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv I Mrevav
eë¯’vi evB‡i wM‡q †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv, †hgbÑ êlg¨nxbZvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i cy¯—K-cyw¯—Kv cÖKvk|
 Kgx©iv hv‡Z cwi®‹vifv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡i wK Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hv cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡”Q Zvi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv
I msjv‡ci my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv| Zv‡ì bxwZgvjv, Kvh©wewa, wewa-weavb, BZ¨vw` wel‡q nvjbvMv`
Z_¨ mieivn K‡i mg„× Kiv| †hgbÑ Kgx© g~j¨vqb c×wZ (staff review mechanism)|
 μgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z _vKv wewfbœ êwPÎ¨m¤^wjZ cÖwZôvb‡K cwiPvjbv Kiv| GLv‡b Ø›Ø nq‡Zv
evo‡Z _vK‡e Ges †mUv‡K MVbg~jK I D™¢vebx c‡_ cwiPvjbv K‡i Ávb I AwfÁZv AR©b
Kiv|

107
AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v Ges b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
AwaKvi‡Kw›`ªK cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni g‡¯—v eo wPš—vi welq n‡”Q †h, wKfv‡e Zviv cÖvwZôvwbK wePvi-
we‡ePbvq AZ¨š— DbœZ gvb eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i, Zvi c_ wba©viY Kiv Ges †m¸‡jv cÖwZôv‡bi mKj
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b A_©vr mKj Kv‡R eënvi wbwðZ Kiv (AvPiY-wewa, bxwZgvjv, BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖwZdwjZ
Kiv)|
cÖwZôvb‡K G e¨vcv‡i wbivcËv eë¯’v, ¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’v, wbivc‡` ivLvi eë¯’v BZ¨vwì ev¯—evqb †_‡K
ïi“ K‡i Kgx©‡ì cÖksmv I cyi®‹vi ch©š— cÖwZwU wel‡q eë¯’v wb‡Z nq|
wewaeë¯’vi (procedure) g‡a¨ ÷vd‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡, ¯^”QZv Ges Av‡jvPbvwfwËK wm×vš— MÖnY I
wm×vš— ÁvZKi‡Yi wel‡q e¨vL¨v †Ìqv _v‡K, †Zgwb _v‡K †m¸wj AR©b Kivi Ges Awf‡hvM n‡j
wK Ki‡Z n‡e, †m wel‡q we`¨gvb eë¯’vi K_vI|
GKwU cÖwZôvb G e¨vcv‡i hw` Ggb c×wZ MÖnY K‡i, hv ÔcÖvwZôvwbK mywePviÕ‡K gvby‡li mvg‡b
Zz‡j a‡i, Zv Kvh©Kifv‡e ÷vd‡ì ˆbwZKZv, DØy×KiY Ges ÷vd‡ì PvKzwi Z¨vM bv Kivi
cÖeYZvi c‡¶ g~jgš¿ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i Ges cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii cwim‡i cÖwZôv‡bi AR©‡bi Ges
cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨š—‡i cÖfv‡ei †¶‡ÎI Gi A‡kl Ae`vb iv‡L|
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡ì c‡¶ m¤úvw`Z KvR Ges M„nxZ eë¯’vwì Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi Revew`wn PvIqv
Ges †Kvb Kgx©i c‡¶ wb‡R‡K Revew`wni Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv †ek KóKi I RwUj KvR| †m †¶‡Î
K‡g© wbhyw³i cvi¯úwiK †evSvcovg~jK Pwi‡Îi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôv‡bi I †Kvb we‡kl Kgx©i Df‡qiB
†hŠw³K cvIbv `vex Kivi I m¤§vb cvevi AwaKvi †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb Zv‡ìI b¨¯— `vwqZ¡
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cvj‡bi evaëvaKZv Av‡Q| cÖvwZôvwbK Revew`wnZvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q mvgwMÖK cÖwZkÖ“wZ,
wm×vš—, cÖwZôvb KZ©„K cÖ`wk©Z AvPiY I g~j¨‡eva| Avi e¨w³MZ Revew`wnZvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wb‡Ri
Dci b¨¯— `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b H e¨w³ wK AvPiY K‡i‡Q, wK f~wgKv I KZUv `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q|
wewaeë¯’vi (mechanism) g‡a¨ Av‡Q wbhyw³i Pzw³cÎ; Kvh©cwiwa, cwiKíbv I ev‡RU, cÖZ¨vkvi
my¯úó weeiY, †hvM¨Zvi msÁv, AewnZKi‡Yi (reporting)-Gi eë¯’v, AwWU wewagvjv, mgvavK…Z
Kv‡Ri wdWe¨vK c×wZmn eë¯’vcbv c×wZ Ges 360 wWMÖx G¨v‡cÖvPmg~n, bvwjk I k„•Ljv m¤úwK©Z
wewa, †hvMv‡hvM Ges Z_¨cÖevn; Db¥y³Zv I ¯^”QZv|
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZi †K‡›`ª Av‡Q hviv AwaKv‡ii ¯^Z¡evb (GB †¶‡Î †h e¨w³ cÖwZôv‡bi KvR
Ki‡Qb) Zviv †hb cy‡ivcywifv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡i †Kvb †Kvb AwaKvi Zvi cÖvc¨ Ges †m hw` Zvi †Kvb
AwaKvi `vex K‡i †m †hb †mUv mn‡R Ki‡Z cv‡i|

108
AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ
cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ Kvh©Kifv‡e AskMÖn‡Yi eë¯’v _vK‡j Zv †hvMv‡hvM I civgk© cÖwμqvq, wm×vš—
MÖnY c×wZ‡Z Ges kvmb cwiPvjbvi KvVv‡gv I e‡›`ve‡¯— Zvrch©c~Y© cÖfve †d‡j|
÷vd‡ì ¶gZvqb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖwZôv‡b Ab¨vb¨ g~jbxwZ †_‡K wPwýZ Kiv A‡bK¸wj
e‡›`ve¯— _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvovI ‡Kvb wKQyi MÖnY ev cÖeZ©b c×wZ, Dchy³ mg_©‡bi my‡hvM, m¤ú`
eivÏ, `vwqZ¡ n¯—vš—i, ewa©Z nevi my‡hvM, A¯’vqxfv‡e `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb, wbqg Abyhvqx KvR, cwiex¶Y,
Ges GiKg bvbvwea welq Gi m‡½ RwoZ|
†hLv‡b Kgx©iv ¶gZvwqZ Ges cÖwZôv‡bi fv‡jvg‡›ì m‡½ cy‡ivcywi hy³ nq, †mLv‡b DØy×KiY,
m„wókxjZv, Drcv`bÑ mewKQyB e„w× cvq|
Z‡e cÖZxKxfv‡e Ki‡jB wec`| †hgbÑ †Kvb GKwU Bmy¨‡Z LyeB Kvh©Kifv‡e wm×vš— †bevi ci
†mB Bmy¨ wb‡q mnKgx©‡ì m‡½ kjvcivgk© Ki‡j Zviv ¶zä n‡eB| G‡Z Zv‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vm n«vm
cvq| Aciw`‡K Kg Kv‡R AwZwi³ Kgx© jv‡M Ges Kv‡Ri gvb K‡g hvq|
wkï‡ì mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖwZôvb Ggb GKwU Kvh©Ki eë¯’v ivL‡e hvi d‡j GKw`‡K
Zviv GUv wbwðZ Ki‡e †h Zv‡ì KvRK‡g© wkï‡ì ¯^v_© I AwaKvi ¶zYœ n‡”Q bv; Aciw`‡K Zviv
hLb hv wm×vš— †bq Zvi cÖv_wgK we‡ePbvB nq wkïi ¯^v_© I AwaKv‡ii cÖPvi I cÖmvi| Gi g‡a¨
Av‡Q wkï‡ì wbivcËv `vbKvix Ggb GKwU AvPiYwewa wbR Kgx© I Askx`vi‡ì g‡a¨ cÖeZ©b I
KwVbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv, hv‡Z wkï‡ì m¤¢ve¨ ¶wZ h_vm¤¢e mvgvb¨ nq, Ges Ggb GKwU e‡›`ve¯—
Pvjy Kiv hvi Rb¨ wkï‡ì we‡kl K‡i cÖvwš—K I `y`©kvMÖ¯— Ae¯’v‡b _vKv wkï‡ì m‡e©v”P DcKvi
cvevi †h †Kvb D‡`¨vM I my‡hvM-myweavi eë¯’v m`vme©`v mg_©b cvq| Dciš‘ GLv‡b cÖfve
g~j¨vq‡biI (impact evaluation) GKwU e‡›`ve¯— _vK‡Z n‡eÑ BwZevPK I ¶wZKi †h cÖfveB co–
K bv †Kb Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e| G m‡ei Rb¨ hv hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †m m‡ei g‡a¨ _vK‡e ms‡kvwaZ
wb‡qvM c×wZ, Kgx©‡ì Rb¨ AvPiYMZ wewagvjv, wkïevÜe cwimi ˆZwi Kiv; m¤úv`b
(performance) eë¯’vcbv c×wZ, cÖfve g~j¨vqb, ˆbwZK (ethical) wewb‡qvM|

109
wkï‡ì AskMÖnY I wkï‡ì wbKU Revew`wnZv
Kv‡RK‡g© wmAviwc G¨v‡cÖvP cÖ‡qvM Kivi A_© n‡jv Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi †cÖ¶vc‡U †Kej wkïi gZvgZ
†kvbv bq, Zv‡ì‡K cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Kv‡RÑ Ggb Kx Zvi †KŠkjMZ cQ›`, cwiex¶Y, g~j¨vqb
c×wZi gZ Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kiv, †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb-Gi gZ cÖwZôv‡b wkï‡ì cwiPvjbv eë¯’vq wKfv‡e
Ges KZ`~i wb‡qvwRZ Kiv hvq Zv GLbI †`Lvi welq| wKš‘ Avgiv hviv eq¯‹, Avgv‡ì GRb¨
¸i“ `vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì me ai‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mLvb †_‡K wk¶vjvf
Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡iÑ
 wkï‡ì‡K cvwiPvjbv KvVv‡gvi Ask Kiv;
 wkï‡ì‡K cwiKíbv c×wZi Ask Kiv;
 wkï‡ì cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb c×wZi D™¢veb, ev¯—evqb I cybwe©‡ePbvKi‡Yi Ask Kiv;
 cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨š—‡i my‡hvM-myweav I m¤ú` hv‡Z eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ wkïevÜe cwimi
ˆZwi Kiv;
 ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †KŠkj‡K wkïevÜe Kiv|
cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjbv c×wZ‡Z wkï‡ì Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ Kiv n‡j Zv wkï‡ì wbKU
cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi †¶‡Î Av‡iv DbœwZ NUv‡e| hwÌ GUvB GKgvÎ e‡›`ve¯— bq|
GKwU wkï AwaKviwfwËK cÖwZôvb me©‡Zvcv‡q wkï‡ì, Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii I KwgDwbwUi wbKU
`vqe× _vK‡e| AvBbMZ evaëvaKZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K Uªvw÷ †evW©, †¯^”Qv‡meK, `vZv Ges iv‡óªi
Kv‡Q GLb †h Revew`wn Ki‡Z nq, Zv‡KI AwZμg K‡i †h‡Z n‡e|

110
Awa‡ekb 19
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb
- wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi mej I `~e©j w`KM~wj wPwnèZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
- ‡Kvm©wU Av‡iv DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ m~wbw`©ó civgk© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb&
mgq t 1N›Uv
c×wZ t cÖkœcÎ c~iY, aviYv cÖKvk, †QvU`j, cÖ`k©b
wd¬c kxU, gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, ¯−vBW: AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv, wkï AwaKvi
wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv,wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv; wkky
AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv n¨vÛ AvDU|
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb| Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ¯úó Ki“b|
2| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb cÎ weZiY Ki“b|
cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb cÎ
1| wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb 3wU welq Avcbvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk fvj
†j‡M‡Q?
K)
L)
M)

111
2| wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb 3wU welq Avcbvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q Kg fvj †j‡M‡Q?
K)
L)
M)
3| GB cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb ev †Kvb †Kvb Ask cwieZ©b Kiv ìKvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib Avcwb? Kx
cwieZ©b Avbv cÖ‡qvRb?
4| bZzb Ab¨ †Kvb welq GB cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi Aš—f©~³ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j g‡b K‡ib?
5| GB cÖwk¶‡Y eëüZ cÖwk¶Y c×wZ¸wj h_v_© wQj wKbv G wel‡q Avcbvi gš—e¨ wjLyb|
6| GB cÖwk¶‡Y eëüZ DcKiYmg~n h‡_ó Dc‡hvMx© wQj wKbv G wel‡q Avcbvi gš—e¨ wjLyb|
7| cÖwk¶‡Yi mnvqK‡ì mnvqZv-‡KŠkj, `¶Zv wel‡q Avcbvi gZvgZ wjL~b|
5| Kv‡ì Rb¨ GB cÖwk¶Y -Gi Av‡qvRb Aby‡gv`b K‡ib Avcwb?
6| ‡Kvb civgk© _vK‡j wjLyb|
3| mevB‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvb 30 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ g~j¨vqbcÎwU c~iY Ki‡Z|
4| g~j¨vqbcÎ c~iY †kl n‡j †mM~wj msMÖn Ki“b|

113
Awa‡ekb 1
cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨mg~n
 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v welqK ZË¡MZ w`K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

114
Awa‡ekb 2
AwaKvi
gvby‡li †Kv‡bv Pvwn`v hLb †Kv‡bv mgvR, ivóª, cÖwZôvb, AvÂwjK ev Avš—R©vwZK
msMVb ev †Kv‡bv ‡NvlYv, bxwZgvjv, AvBb, Pzw³, cÖwZkÖ“wZ Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z nq
A_©vr hLb ‰eaZv jvf K‡i ZLb Zv‡K AwaKvi e‡j|
GK K_vq ˆea,Aby‡gvw`Z,¯^xK…Z Pvwn`vB AwaKvi| AwaKv‡ii kZ© n‡”Q AwaKvi
hvi Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z, AwaKvi cyi‡Yi ØvwqZ¡I Zvi|
AwaKvi‡K †KD †KD cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`vi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †dj‡Z cv‡ib| †m †¶‡Î ejyb †h, †Kvb
cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`v evuPvi Rb¨ Ri“ix n‡Z cv‡i Avi ZLb Zv AvBb ev bxwZ aviv mg_©‡bi `vwe
cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ mgw_©Z bv nIqv ch©š— Zv ÔAwaKviÕ bq| cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v †_‡KB
ÔAwaKviÕ -Gi Rb¥ G welqwU ¯úó K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

115
2.1 msweavb

116
gvbevwaKvi
gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e ¯^xK„Z KZ¸‡jv AvBwb wbivcËvi
wbðqZv hv cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K Zvi ¯^vaxbZv I gvbweK gh©v`v AUzU
ivL‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|
gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q †gŠwjK Ges kZ©nxb cig AwaKvi hv GKRb gvbyl
wnmv‡e cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cÖvc¨|

117
(ICESCR)1
msμvš— mb`

118
B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm
1949 w` BDwbfvm©vj wWK¬v‡ikb Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ev gvbevwaKv‡ii me©Rbxb †NvlYv
(UDHR)
1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv‡fbv›U Ae wmwfj G¨vÛ cwjwUK¨vj ivBUm ev bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK
AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICCPR)
A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi welqK Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICESCR)

119
 wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival)
 wkïi weKvk (Development)
 wkïi wbivcËv (Protection)
 wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation)
 ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and
Awareness)
GB ¸‡”Qi AwaKvi¸‡jv wkïi c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi Ges AR©b‡hvM¨ m‡e©v”Pgv‡bi ¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmv
†mev cvIqvi AwaKvi¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k K0‡i| g~jZ: Aby‡”Q` 6-G mivmwi †eu‡P _vKvi K_v ejv
n‡q‡Q| Aby‡”Q` bs 7, 9, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35 Ges 38
survival AwaKv‡ii Aš—f©~³ | G Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv g~jZ: hv hv wbwðZ K‡i Zv wbæiƒct cywóKi Lvevi
mieivn, cwiev‡i I mgv‡R wkïi jvjb cvjb I hZœ, ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi (health care) ‡mevmg~n,
Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zv BZ¨vw`|
wkïi weKvk ch©v‡hi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv g~jZ: †Ljvayjv, we‡bv`b, mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©μ‡g AskMÖnY Ges
hveZxq AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK wk¶vi gva¨‡g wkïi kvixwiK, gvbwmK, AvwZ¥K, ˆbwZK I
mvgvwRK Dbœqb wbwðZ K‡i| 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31 - G Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv G AwaKv‡ii G‡KKwU Ask wnmv‡e aiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
‰elg¨, wbh©vZb Ges Ae‡njv †_‡K wkï‡ì i¶v Kiv, cwievi I ev¯‘nviv wkï‡ì myi¶v GB
Protection rights -Gi Aš—M©Z| G me AwaKv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask wnmv‡e CRC
mb‡ì 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40 -G Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv G AwaKv‡ii G‡KKwU Ask wnmv‡e aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
g~jZ: Aby‡”Q` 12 -†Z mivmwi wkk~i AskMÖn‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Participation AwaKv‡ii
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wkïi wbR¯^ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K evK-¯^vaxbZv I Zvi eqm I maturity Abyhvqx Zvi
e³‡eï cÖvavb¨ cvIqv| G AwaKvi wkï‡ì mgv‡R I RvwZ‡Z mwμq AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i|
Participation -Gi Aš—M©Z 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 24, 28, 29, 31, 42 -Gi ¸i“Z¡c~Y©

120
Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv ‡hme welq‡K Aš—f©~³ K‡i Zv n‡j: wkïi gZvgZ Ges g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv,
msNe× nevi ¯^vaxbZv, cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mieivn BZ¨w` |
GB ch©v‡hi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv cÖK…Zc‡¶ CRC -Gi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gvymn Zvi ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I
wi‡cvwU©s m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYv †`q| GwU mKj wkï‡ì AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Yi j‡¶¨ m¤ú`
mg~‡ni m‡e©v”P wbwðZ K‡i| CRC-i ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g wkï AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ GwU Avš—
R©vwZK, RvZxq, ag©xq Ges ¯’vbxq †cÖ¶vcU Dc‡hvMx KvVv‡gv ˆZix K‡i| Aby‡”Q` bs- 1, 2, 4, 5,
18, 26, 27, 41-54 GB Mobilization rights Gi Aš—f©~³| Gi Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv AviI hv hv
wbwðZ K‡i Zv n‡jt wkïi msÁv, cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb ms‡kvab, RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK m¤ú` mg~‡ni
m‡e©v”P eënvi. wcZvgvZv I AvBbMZ Awffve‡Ki cÖwZ kª×v‡eva, ivóªxq ev mvgvwRK wbivcËv
weavb, wbqwgZ wi‡cvwU©s I gwbUwis BZ¨vw`|

121
‰elg¨nxbZv
(Aby‡”Q`-2)
(Aby‡”Q`-3) (Aby‡”Q`-12)
+ Revew`wnZv
(Aby‡”Q`-4)
†eu‡P _vKv
I weKvk
(Aby‡”Q`-6)

122
Awa‡ekb 3
AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I `vwqZ¡evnK
`vwqZ¡ evn‡Ki 3 `vwqZ¡
wkï AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡b `vwqZ¡evnK‡`i cÖavb `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q
a. wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ`k©b
b. wkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v (Protection) cÖ`vb
 wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv
0
†`Lv‡bv|

123
`vwqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK©-Pμ
AwaKvi Ñ `vwqZ¡ Ñ `vex
(†RvqvwKg _vBm cÖYxZ)
`vwqZ¡evnK
m¤§vb, myi¶v
Ges AwaKvi c~iY
hv‡ì Rb¨ êlg¨nxbZv †hLvb †_‡K
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i AwaKvi `vex
Kiv nq
AwaKvi‡fvMx
Dc‡ii WvqvMÖv‡g AwaKvi‡fvMx I `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Revew`wnZv
AskMÖnY

124
Awa‡ekb 4
1914-1919 cÖ_g wek¦hy×
1950-1980 kxZj hy×
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶: †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv I Ab¨ mgvRZvwš¿K‡`k
mg~n
1966 UN International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights
hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; mgvRZvwš¿K c¶-
Gi †`k¸wj Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i
Dbœqb I
gvbevwaKvi
Avjv`v n‡q
hvq
1966 UN International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶
Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i
1986 Declaration on the Rights to Development
1991 UNCRC G‡Z Av‡Q
wkïi wmwfj,
ivR‰bwZK,
A_©‰bwZK,
mvgvwRK I
mvs¯‹…wZK
AwaKv‡ii
c~Y© mgš^q
1997 UN Reform: Rights Based Development
2000 UNDP’s HRD on Human Rights and Human
Development
2001 Rights Based Programing Approaches (UN
organizations, donors, NGOs..)

125
`yB avivi AwaKvi
 wk¶v
 ¯^v¯’¨
 AvkªqKvR
 cvwb
evK ¯^vaxbZv
AwaKvi
Bm¨~ ‡hŠ_ ¯^v_©
mgZv
e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv
b¨vq wePvi
myi¶v
MYZvwš¿K bxwZgvjv
mylg m¤ú` †fvM
e¨w³i ¯^vaxbZv

126
Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K bv| Pvwn`v wfwËK I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©myPxi g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Zv
wbæi“c t
m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ AR©b bv nIqv ch©š— mš‘wó
AR©b K‡i bv| A_©vr mKj e¨w³i mgvb
AwaKvi Av‡Q, ZvB 80 kZvsk wkï‡K
UxKv`vb Kivi A_© GB †h, j¶¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
AwR©Z nqwb
K‡i|
¶gZvqb Kiv nq|
nq|
cÖKí
approach)
eva¨evaKZv †bB
i‡q‡Q
AwaKvi Av‡Q

127
KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i
GKwU wbR¯^ f~wgKv wb‡Z cv‡i (wkïivI
Ask wb‡Z cv‡i)
Rb¨ ¶gZvqb Kiv nq

128
gvbevwaKvi
cÖmvi
 AvBb cÖYqb
Dci cwiex¶Y I
cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖwZôvb
Dbœq‡bi d‡j hv
AwR©Z nq
 mykvmb
Dci Pvc m„wó Kiv
w
gvbevwaKvi I
Dbœqb
†¶‡Î cwieZ©b
Avb‡Z n‡e
 ivRbxwZ I AvBb
e„w×

129
Awa‡ekb 5
cÖ_vMZ Kg©m~wP Pμ
cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY/
Pvwn`v wPwýZKiY

130
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Pμ
wkï AwaKvi
cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY

131
g~jbxwZ mg~n
m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi g~jbxwZ
‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
gvbevwaKvi g~jbxwZ 4 wU
wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì 5wU g~jbxwZ
 êlg¨nxbZv
 wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v
 ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk Ges
 AskMÖnY
 Revew`wnZv

132
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY
gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi - Gi g~jbxwZ h_vh_ MÖnY/cvjb
K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges
gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ‡K GK K_v wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px
KiY (Child Rights Programing) ev CRP e‡j|
wkï + AwaKvi + Kg©m~PxKiY
wkï t 18 eQ‡ii Kgeqmx cÖ‡Z¨K †Q‡j I cÖ‡Z¨K‡g‡q| wkï gv‡b GKwU
mvgwMÖK wkky| wkï gv‡b mKj wkï|
AwaKvi t Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi AvBb Ges cÖavbZ RvwZmsN wkï
AwaKvi mb‡` ewY©Z AwaKvi |
Kg©m~PxKiY t 5wU g~jbxwZ MÖnY K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY,
cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb|

133
Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP‡Z wkïÓ
- Kg©m~wPi †K›`ª we›`y‡Z wkï|
- wkï gv‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK w`K| wkïi mKj AwaKvi c~iY Ges myô weKv‡ki Rb hv wKQz
- wkï gv‡b mKj wkï| †Kej cÖvwš—K, `ye©j ev Amg_© wkï bq|
- wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri, RvZxq A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZi Ask wnmv‡e|
- wkï gv‡b e„nËi mgv‡Ri GKRb, GwZgLvbvi wkï, c_ wkï Gfv‡e Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv hv‡e
bv|
- wkï‡ì kw³ mvg_©¨ Av‡Q| eqm e„w×i av‡c av‡c GB kw³ mvg_©¨ μge„w× jvf K‡i|
- GK GK wkïi ˆkkeKvjxb AwfÁZv G‡KK iKg| mKj wkïi aviYv, mKj wkïi
- wkïiv ïay wb‡Z Rv‡b Zv bq| Zviv wKQz w`‡ZI Rv‡b| wbQK †fvMx †kªYx bq Zviv| Zviv
- wkïivI mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Avi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡ì bvbv

134
†g‡b †bIqv|
Kiv|
M‡o †Zvjv|

135

136
Awa‡ekb 6
wkï AwaKvi mb‡` êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZ
wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aby‡”Q` 2-G wel‡q mivmwi D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q
†h, wkïiv RvwZ, eY©, †RÛvi, fvlv, ag©, ivR‰bwZK gZvgZ BZ¨vw`
wbwe©‡k‡l mgvb AwaKvi cv‡e|
Aby‡”Q`-2
1. AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n Zv‡ì wbR wbR AvIZvq cÖwZwU wkïi Rb¨
GB mb‡` Dwj−wLZ AwaKvimg~‡ni cÖwZ kª×vkxj _vK‡e Ges
G¸‡jvi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e| G e¨vcv‡i wkï A_ev Zvi wcZvgvZv
wKsev AvBbm¤§Z Awffve‡Ki †¶‡Î †MvÎ, eY©, wj½, fvlv, ag©,
ivR‰bwZK wfbœgZ, RvZxqZv A_ev mvgvwRK cwiPq, weË, mvg_©¨
Rb¥m~‡Î wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb eskMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y êlg¨ Kiv hv‡e
bv|
2. wkïi wcZvgvZv, AvBbm¤§Z AwffveK wKsev cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì
Ae¯’vb, Kvh©Kjvc, cÖKvk¨ gZvgZ ev wek¦vm hw` †Kvb wkïi Rb¨
êlg¨ wKsev kvw¯—i KviY nq Z‡e AskMÖnYKvix i‡óªmg~n wkïi
AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ me ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|
 myZivs wkï AwaKv‡ii cÖ_g K_vB nj êlg¨nxbZv|

137
Awa‡ekb 6
n‡q‡Q|

138
Awa‡ekb 7
‰elg¨nxbZv
(Aby‡”Q`-2)
(Aby‡”Q`-3) (Aby‡”Q`-12)
+ Revew`wnZv
(Aby‡”Q`-4)
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Aby‡”Q` 6
†eu‡P _vKv
I weKvk
(Aby‡”Q`-6)

139
1. kixK ivóªmg~n ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, cÖwZwU wkïi †eu‡P
_vKvi mnRvZ AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
2. kixK ivóªmg~n wkï‡ì †eu‡P_vKv Ges weKv‡ki
†¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ me©vwaK wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|
wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvRmg~n
- bxwZgvjv/cwjwm ˆZwi, ms‡kvab I cÖ‡qvRbxq †¶‡Î evwZj Kiv
- bxwZgvjvi myôz ev¯—evqb
- KvVv‡gv/DcwiKvVv‡gv ˆZwi/gReyZKiY
- cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ
- gvbm¤úbœ †mev cÖ`vb
- gwbUwis eë¯’v †Rvi`viKiY
- ¶wZMÖ¯—/Amnvq/wcwQ‡q cov wkï‡ì ¯^v_©‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb

140
Awa‡ekb 8
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbxwZ
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`
Aby‡”Q`-3
19. miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi mgvRKj¨vY cÖwZôvb, Av`vjZ, cÖkvmb ev AvBb
cÖYqbKvix e¨w³eM© †h-B †nvK bv †Kb wkï wel‡q †h-†Kvb ai‡bi Kvh©μ‡g
wkïi ¯^v_©B n‡e cÖ_g I cÖavb we‡ePbvi welq|
20. wkïi evev-gv, AvBbMZ AwffveK ev Ab¨ e¨w³ hviv AvBbMZfv‡e wkïi
`vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K wkïi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ meai‡bi `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡i‡Qb wKbv †m wel‡q wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n
AvBbMZ I cÖkvmwbK c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡e|
3. AskMÖnYKvix ivóª wkïi Rb¨ †mev I my‡hvM cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨
gvb`Û `¶Zvi mv‡_ ZË¡veav‡bi welqwUi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e, we‡kl K‡i wkïi
Rb¨ wbivcËv, ¯^v¯’¨, cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix‡`i msL¨v I Zv‡`i Dchy³ ZË¡veav‡bi
welqwU|
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZi †¶‡Î weZ‡K©i KviY
 A‡bK †¶‡ÎB åvš— avibvi Rb¨ wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZ weZ‡K©i m„wó K‡i|
 g~jZ: wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©
- †K we‡ePbv Ki‡eb,
- KLb we‡ePbv Ki‡eb,
- †Kvb gvb`‡Û we‡ePbv Ki‡eb -
G¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e cvwjZ bv n‡j we‡kl weZ‡K©i m„wó nq|

141
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vq KiYxq
- wkïi/wkï‡ì gZvgZ Rvbyb (wkïi mKj gZvgZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bvI n‡Z cv‡i)
- wkïi Pvicv‡k hviv _v‡Kb Zv‡ì †_‡K Rvbyb|
- AwfÁ (mswk−ó †¶‡Î we‡klÁ) e¨w³i civgk© w`b
- AvBb e‡j †`Lyb/AvB‡bi mn‡hvwMZv wbb|
- wkï I eo‡ì GKÎ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Ki“b
- ¯^í I `xN© †gqv`x djvdj we‡ePbv Ki“b
- wkïi Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi wewNœœZ n‡”Q bv wbwðZ Ki“b
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKvi welqwU wkïi ¯^v_©i¶v wel‡qi †K›`ªg~‡j ivLyb |

142
Awa‡ekb 9
AskMÖnY
AskMÖnY ej‡Z cÖK…Zc‡¶ eySvq ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ
wkïi AskMÖnY wel‡q wkï AwaKvi mb`
Aby‡”Q`-12
AwaKvix| †mB mKj AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ wkï eqm Ges wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi
¶gZv Abyhvqx GB mKj gZvgZ‡K hv‡Z h_vh_ ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq AskMÖnYKvix
ivómg~n Zvi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|
4. D‡Ï‡k¨ wkï‡K mywbw`©ó my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e †hb wkï wb‡R A_ev †Kvb cÖwZwbwa
wKsev †Kvb h_vh_ ms¯’vi gva¨‡g Zvi wbR ¯^v_© mswk−ó wePvi wefvMxq ev
cÖkvmwbK †gvKÏgvi †¶‡Î RvZxq AvB‡bi wewae× avivi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L Zviv
K_v ej‡Z cv‡i|

143
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Ab¨ †hme Aby‡”Q‡` wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi K_v
ejv n‡q‡Q

144
Awa‡ekb 10
wkïi gZvgZ cÖKvk
wkïi gZvgZ cÖKvk
GKvš— wbR¯^ gZ Ges A-gZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖKvk
wb‡Ri gZ wnmv‡e A‡bï gZ bq ¯úófv‡e cÖKvk
wb‡Ri /wb‡R‡ì fv‡jv-g‡›ì mv‡_ RwoZ wel‡q
gZ I A-gZ
AvswkK bq, c~Y© cÖKvk
Kv‡iv †kLv‡bv K_v bq wbf©q, wØavgy³-ms‡KvPnxb cÖKvk
cÖ‡ivwPZ/Pvcv‡bv K_v bq h‡ì Kv‡Q/mvg‡b gZvgZ cÖKvk Kiv n‡”Q
Zv‡ì cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©bc~e©K cÖKvk
gZcÖKvk, A-gZ cÖKvk,
hyw³ cÖ`k©b, weZK© Kiv
mZ¨ fvlY,Z_¨ †Mvcb bv Kiv

145
Awa‡ekb 11
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY:Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
Revew`wnZv
Revew`wnZv Ggb GKwU eë¯’v ‡h eë¯’vq AwaKvi‡fvMx Ges mswk−ó wel‡q hy³ e¨w³/e¨w³eM©
`vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©‡K Zvi/Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjb m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges `vwqZ¡cÖvß
e¨w³ H cÖ‡kœi Reve w`‡Z eva¨ _v‡Kb|
Revew`wnZv eë¯’vq cÖavbZ: 2 wU c¶ _v‡K|
 ØvwqZ¡evnK ev ØvwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM© ev msMVb| ØvwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †¶‡Î Giv
AvBbMZfv‡e/bxwZMZfv‡e eva¨| ØvwqZ¡evnK Avevi wewfbœ ¯—‡ii n‡q _v‡Kb| †Kv‡bv
wbw`©ó `vwq‡Z¡ GKwU ØvwqZ¡evnK MÖ“‡c (†hgb: ‡Kv‡bv ms¯’v) wewfbœ ¯—‡ii ØvwqZ¡evnK
_v‡Kb| †mLv‡b GKRb Ab¨Rb‡K ev wefvM‡K Revew`wn PvB‡Z cv‡ib| Revew`wnZv
eë¯’vq Ici-bxP, bxP-Ici, cvkvcvwk me w`‡K Revew`wn PvIqvi my‡hvM _v‡K|
 AwaKvi‡fvMx e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©, ØvwqZ¡evnK hvi/ hv‡ì Rb¨ ‡Kv‡bv ØvwqZ¡cvjb K‡ib|
AwaKvi‡fvMx‡ì c¶ Aej¤^bKvix †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev MÖ“c/msMVbI GB c‡¶i Aš—
f©y³|
e¨w³MZ I †RvUe× Dfq cÖKv‡i Revew`wn PvIqv hvq|

146
Revew`wnZvi eë¯’v Ki‡Yi Dcvq
- AvBb, bxwZgvjv ‰Zwi K‡i
- AvBb bxwZgvjv f‡½i kvw¯— weavb K‡i
- cÖwZôvwbK cÖavb wefvM/cÖav‡b wb‡`©k/mvK©yjvi Rvixi gva¨‡g
- cÖwZkÖ“wZ †NvlYvi gva¨g
- wØ-cvw¶K Pzw³i gva¨‡g
- Revew`wnZvi BwZevPK w`K cÖPvi K‡i
- Revew`wnZvi eë¯’v wel‡q me©¯—‡i Rvbv‡bvi gva¨‡g
cÖ`k©b †k‡l ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY Ki‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡ì msMVbI ÓRevew`wnZv
eë¯’vKi‡YiÓ KvRwU Ki‡e| Pjyb `jxq A‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z Avgiv Gi GKwU MvBWjvBb ˆZwi Kwi|

147
Awa‡ekb 12
wkïi ‡Kvb& ev
†Kvb& †Kvb&
AwaKvi
jswNZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi
jsN‡bi KviY
¶wZMÖ¯—
wkï Kviv
Ges Zv‡ì
Kx ¶wZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi
jsNb Kvix
†K ev Kviv|
Zv‡ì
cwiPq I
Zv‡ì
mvgvwRK
Ae¯’vb
mswk−ó
ØvwqZ¡ evnK
KiYxq
cy~iY nqwb ‡h
(†h me)
AwaKvi
¶wZMÖ¯—
wkï Kviv
Ges Zv‡ì
Kx ¶wZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi
cyi‡Y evav
mswk−ó
ØvwqZ¡ evnK
KiYxq

148
eY©bv|

149
Awa‡ekb 13
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ ej‡Z cÖvc¨ m¤ú` e¨envi K‡i GKwU `xN©
mgqvš—‡i Kg©m~wPi mKj GjvKvi mKj wkïi AwaKvi ¯’vqxfv‡e c~iY‡K eySvq |
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK j¶¨: ‰ewkó¨ mg~n

150
2010 mv‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨vj‡q wkïi kvixwiK I
gvbwmK wbh©vZb eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e
we`¨vj‡q, cwiev‡i, Kg©¯’‡j, mgv‡R mKj wkï
mKj cÖKvi wbh©vZb †_‡K myi¶v jvf Ki‡e
†fvM Ki‡e

151
Awa‡ekb 14
5 gvÎv cwieZ©b
2. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b
D‡Ïk¨ ev‡Kï AšZ©MZ welq
Kx Kiv n‡e
†Kb Zv Kiv n‡e
Kv‡ì Rb¨
‡Kv_vq/ †Kvb ‡fŠMwjK GjvKv
KLb/ KZw`‡bi g‡a¨
Kxfv‡e /Kv‡ì gva¨‡g
SMART
S = Specific mywbw`©ó
M = Measurable cwigvc‡hvM¨
A = Achievable AR©b‡hvM¨
R = Relevant cÖvmw½K
T = Time mgqmxgv

152
wk¶vi AwaKvi - eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wk¶v Kg©m~wP
mdj Kivi j‡¶¨ 2009 mv‡ji
g‡a¨ Kg©m~wP GjvKvi evev-
gv/AwffveK‡ì m‡PZb Kivi
gva¨‡g 5 eQi ev Z`ya© eq‡mi †h
me ‡Q‡j †g‡qiv ¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q bv,
‡mBme ‡Q‡j †g‡q‡ì wbqwgZ ¯‹z‡j
†cÖiY
- gv-evev, cwievi
ch©v‡q wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡
wel‡q m‡PZbZv m„wó
-
% evev-gv
KZ©…K
¯‹z‡j †cÖiY
we`¨vj‡q
kvixwiK I
gvbwmK
wbh©vZb †_‡K
wkï‡ì myi¶v
2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Kg©m~wP GjvKvi
mKj cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK we`¨vjq I
gv`ªvmvi cwiPvjbv KwgwUmg~‡ni
mn‡hvwMZvq mKj wk¶vj‡q
wkï‡ì Ici kvixwiK I gvbwmK
wbh©vZb eÜ Kiv|
-cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK
cwiPvjbv
KwgwUmg~n‡K wkïi
myi¶vi AwaKvi
wel‡q m‡PZb Kiv I
wkï wbh©vZb ‡iv‡a
mwμq Kiv
-
% wkï wbh©vZb
NUbvi mdj
†gvKvwejv

153
Awa‡ekb 15
Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqb Aš—M©Z Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv
Kg©cwiKíbv ˆZwi
`vwqZ¡ e›Ub
`vwqZ¡ KvVv‡gv ˆZwi
MvBW jvBb ˆZwi
m¤ú` mieivn
gwbUwis
AMÖMwZ cÖwZ‡e`b
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqb
3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj
k~b¨Zv c~i‡Y
Ki‡Z I
AwaKvi
j•Nb †iv‡a
mivmwi
Kg©KvÊ
AeKvVv‡gv I
Kvh©mva‡bi
e‡›`ve¯—
kw³kvjxKiY
mg_©K‡Mvôx
I Zv‡`i
mvg_©¨ M‡o
†Zvjv

154
Awa‡ekb 16
cwiex¶Y
cwiex¶‡Yi welq:
KLb Kxfv‡e Kvi Øviv Kx Kiv K_v wQj?
g~j¨vqb
nq|
g~~j¨vq‡bi welq:

155
cÖ‡mm
AvDUcyU
cÖ‡mm
AvDUcyU
B‡d±
B‡¤ú±
BwÛ‡KUi Gi Ici
nq

156
wRg wK
wRg GKwU Pjgvb cÖwμqv hvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- wewfbœ ch©v‡q †mf w` wP‡ìªb-Gi Kv‡Ri
djvdjmn hv‡ì Rb¨ KvR Kiv n‡”Q, wewfbœ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Zv‡ì Kx Ges †Kvb cÖwμqvq
AMÖMwZ n‡q‡Q Zv we‡k−lY Kiv|
2
55 wwRRgg ggvvÎÎvv II wwkkïï AAwwaaKKvviiKKgg©©mm~~wwPPKKiiYY gg~~jjbbxxwwZZggvvjjvv
Revew`wnZv
mgZv I
êlg¨nxbZv
‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk
AskMÖnY
Best Interest of the Child
Changes in the lives of
children and young people
wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y
bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b
wkï I Zi“Y‡ì
mgZv I êlg¨nxbZvq
cwieZ©b
wkï‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ mykxj
mgvR I Kgy¨wbwUi mvg‡_©¨ cwieZ©b
wkï I Zi“Y‡ì
AskMÖnY Ges
mwμq bvMwiKZvq
cwieZ©b

157
Awa‡ekb 17
g~jbxwZ mg~n
wkï AwaKvi
cwiw¯’wZ
we‡k−lY
cwiKíbv ev¯—evqb cwiex¶Y
I g~j¨vqb
m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v g~jbxwZ
‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ

158
1g `j
wkï AwaKvi
mg~n
g~jbxwZ
g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
2q `j
Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n
cwiKíbv
g~jbxwZ
g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ

159
3q `j
Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n
ev¯—evqb
g~jbxwZ
g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
4_© `j
Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n
gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb
g~jbxwZ
g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ

160
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ
 ¶wZMÖ¯—, wcwQ‡q cov I mgvwRKfv‡e ev`Mov wkï‡Ì Rb¨ msMÖ‡ni we‡kl
eë¯’v wQj wK?

n‡qwQj wK?

161
bxwZ
e¨e¯’v wQj wK?
wQj wK?
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
D_&_vcb K‡i _vK‡j †m wel‡q ¯^”QZv Avbv n‡q‡Q wK?


162
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
cwiKíbv
bxwZ
n‡q‡Q wK?
wK?
bxwZ
fy³‡fvMx evjK-evwjKv‡`i ˆ`wnK, DcjwäRvZ, Av‡eMxq, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I
Ava¨vwZ¥K Dbœqb wbwðZ I `„pKi‡Yi Rb¨ eûLvZ wewkó G¨v‡cÖvP (multi-sectoral
approach) MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?

163
AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ
n‡q‡Q wK?
wkï?
wK?
Kvh©Kix wQj wK?
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
 wkï‡ì gZvgZ MÖnY Kivi ci hv‡Ì gZvgZ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì‡K ÒKx
cwiKíbv †bIqv n‡jvÓ Zv Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q wK?
 cwiKíbv Kv‡j wkïiv Òeoiv me Pvwc‡q w`‡q‡QÓ GiKg g‡bvfve †cvlY
K‡i‡Q wKbv †m wel‡q †LuvR †bIqvi eë¯’v wQj wK?
 wkï‡ì mKj cÖ‡kœi Reve †`Šqv n‡qwQj wK? wkïiv wK †m me Revemš‘wói
mv‡_ MÖnY K‡i‡Q?

165
wkï AwaKvi
mg~n
cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb
êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ  cÖK‡í/Kg©m~wPwU‡Z wj½ welqwU‡K wK MZvbyMwZK I cÖ_vgvwdK Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q,
bvwK G e¨vcv‡i cwieZ©b‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
 DÏxó MÖ“‡ci †fZ‡i, wewfbœ MÖ“‡ci g‡a¨ I Ab¨vb¨ wkïi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ I êlg¨RwbZ
Bmy¨ wK wK wQj? †m¸wj wKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Kiv n‡q‡Q?
 ‡KD †ewk jvfevb, †KD Kg jvfevb n‡q‡Q- Ggb `„óvš— mOMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_© i¶v bxwZ  wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v K‡i wm×vš— MÖnY bv Kivi `„óvš— msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? G
†¶‡Î wkï †h ai‡Yi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q, †h †h AwaKvi jswNZ n‡q‡Q Zvi weeiY msMÖn
Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk bxwZ
 ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki †¶‡Î Kg©m~wPi cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ cÖfve hvPvB Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
 Kg©m~wP PjvKv‡j †Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡M cwZZ ev ¶wZMÖ¯— wkï‡K AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z mn‡hvwMZv
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
 cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv I Zv ev¯—evq‡b wkky‡ì †Kv‡bv AvcwË ev
Aby‡hvM D_&_vc‡bi eë¯’v wQj wK?

166
Awa‡ekb 18
wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv
 wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ 5 wU|
 ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
 AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v I b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
 Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
 AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ
 wkï‡`i mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ

168
Awa‡ekb 2
2.1 msweavb

169
gvbevwaKvi ‡gwW‡Ukb/Abykxjb
g‡b Ki“b GKwU Rvnv‡R K‡i `~~i‡`‡k hv‡”Qb Avcbviv cÖwk¶‡Y AskMÖnYKvix GB 25
Rb| Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ gwnjvi msL¨v A‡a©K| mvM‡ii bxj Rjivwk †K‡U `ª“Z GwM‡q hv‡”Q
RvnvR| †KD Mí Ki‡Qb, †KD ZvwK‡q Av‡Qb w`Mš— - we¯—…Z Rjivwki w`‡K|
ANUb NU‡jv nVvr-B| AvBm ev‡M©i mv‡_ AvNvZ †L‡q †f‡½ co‡jv RvnvR| Wy‡e †M‡jv
UvBUvwb‡Ki g‡Zv| UvBUvwbK Wywe †_‡K i¶v †c‡qwQj †KD †KD| wKš‘ Avcbviv mevB gviv
†M‡jb |
g„Zÿ`~Z Avcbv‡ì AvZ¥v wb‡q †Mj Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q| Ck¦i ej‡jb: †Zvgv‡ì Avevi RxweZ
Kiv n‡e| RxweZ K‡i cvVv‡ev GK Rbgvbenxb MÖ‡n| my›ì †m MÖn| cÖPzi m¤ú` Av‡Q
†mLv‡b | Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gw¯—®‹‡K Ki‡ev kZ¸Y DbœZ| bZzb mf¨Zv M‡o Zzj‡e
†Zvgiv|
bZzb MÖ‡n hvIqvi Av‡M †Zvgiv wVK K‡i e‡jv-bZzb c„w_exi gvbyl wnmv‡e †Zvgiv Kx
ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Z PvI? †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv gÄy&yi Kiv
n‡e| †Zvgiv †f‡e wP‡š— †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv RvbvI| ïay g‡b ivL‡e- bZzb c„w_ex‡Z †K
bvix †K cyi“l n‡q Rb¥v‡e Zv Avwg †Mvcb ivL‡ev| †K abx n‡q Avi †K Mixe n‡q Rb¥v‡e
Zv&I †Mvcb ivL‡ev Avwg| †Zvgv‡ì †KD Rb¥v‡e kv`v i‡Oi kixi wb‡q, †KD Rb¥v‡e
Kv‡jv,ev`vgx i‡Oi kixi wb‡q| ‡KD ev n‡e cÖwZeÜx| ‡K Kx n‡e Zv GLb †KD †Zvgiv
Rv‡bv bv|
‡Zvgiv Av‡Mi R‡b¥i AwfÁZv †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv wbY©q Ki|
Ck¦‡ii wb‡`©k gZ Avcbviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avcbv‡ì c~b: R‡b¥ Avcbv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK
gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi Kx n‡e Zv wPwnèZ Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨‡K gvÎ wZbwU K‡i cÖZ¨vkv wPwnèZ
Ki“b| g‡b ivL‡eb †K Kx ai‡bi gvbyl n‡q Rb¥jvf Ki‡eb Zv wKš‘ Rv‡bb bv| Avevi
GB wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv hw` Ab¨‡ì cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ bv wg‡j Zv n‡j kvwš— wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i |
ZvB †f‡e wP‡š— cÖZ¨vkv wVK Ki“b|
Avcbvi wb‡Ri 3 wU cÖZ¨vkv|
3wU cÖZ¨vkv Avcbv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi‡K wPwnèZ Ki‡e|
GKwU kvwš—gq c„w_ex Movi †m me cÖZ¨vkv|

170
2. mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ
ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨ I Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î †h cv_©K¨ hvB _vKzK bv †Kb, ag©, eY©, †MvÎ, †kªYx, †ckv
BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l AwaKv‡ii `„wó‡Z mKj gvbyl mgvb| †mB gvbyl we‡k¦i †hLv‡bB evm Ki“K
ev †h Ae¯’v‡ZB _vKzK mevi Rb¨ AwaKvi mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYvi †¶‡Î KviI
cÖwZ †Kvb cÖKvi b~b¨Zg êl‡gï AeKvk †bB| mKj gvbyl‡KB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq Aš—f~©³
Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡K Aš—fy©w³KiY ev Inclusion e‡j| wkïivI GB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq c‡o|
wkï‡ì †¶‡Î GB mve©RbxbZvi A_© n‡jvt
 AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î ‡Q‡j ev †g‡q mgvb|
 mKj wkïi Kj¨vY mgvb g~Yëvb, wKš‘ hviv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖwZKyj ev cÖvwš—K
Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Kj¨vY‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|
 m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ mKj wkïi cÖwZ AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wkïi GB AwaKvi msNl© A_ev cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©Mc~Y© ¯’v‡bI cÖ‡hvR¨| †h †Kvb
Ae¯’vq Ges †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwaKv‡ii welqwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
Kv‡iv gvbevwaKvi †hgb †K‡o †bqv hvq bv, †Zgwb †KD †¯^”Qvq Zvi gvbevwaKvi Z¨vMI Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|
3. `vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ
gvbevwaKv‡ii †K‡›`ª ev g~j we›`y‡Z Av‡Q AwaKvi‡fvMx (hv‡ì AwaKvi Av‡Q) Ges `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
(AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡bi `vwqZ¡ hvi ev hv‡ì Dci Awc©Z) g‡a¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i welqwU|
4. AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZt
gvbevwaKvi GKwU weivU welq, Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I
mvs¯‹…wZK bvbvwea AwaKvi - G me¸wjB ¸i“Z¡ c~Y© Ges GKwU AciwUi Dci wbf©ikxj|

171
(ICESCR)1
msμvš— mb`

172
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`-Gi msw¶ß fvl¨
 wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival)
 wkïi weKvk (Development)
 wkïi wbivcËv (Protection)
 wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation)
 ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and
Awareness)
GB ¸‡”Qi AwaKvi¸‡jv wkïi c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi Ges AR©b‡hvM¨ m‡e©v”Pgv‡bi ¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmv
†mev cvIqvi AwaKvi¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| g~jZ: Aby‡”Q` 6-G mivmwi †eu‡P _vKvi K_v ejv
n‡q‡Q| Aby‡”Q` bs 7, 9, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35 Ges 38
survival AwaKv‡ii Aš—f©~³ | G Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv g~jZ: hv hv wbwðZ K‡i Zv wbæiƒct cywóKi Lvevi
mieivn, cwiev‡i I mgv‡R wkïi jvjb cvjb I hZœ, ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi (health care) ‡mevmg~n,
Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zv BZ¨vw`|
wkïi weKvk ch©v‡hi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv g~jZ: †Ljvayjv, we‡bv`b, mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©μ‡g AskMÖnY Ges
hveZxq AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK wk¶vi gva¨‡g wkïi kvixwiK, gvbwmK, AvwZ¥K, ˆbwZK I
mvgvwRK Dbœqb wbwðZ K‡i| 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31 - G Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv G AwaKv‡ii G‡KKwU Ask wnmv‡e aiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
‰elg¨, wbh©vZb Ges Ae‡njv †_‡K wkï‡ì i¶v Kiv, cwievi I ev¯‘nviv wkï‡ì myi¶v GB
Protection rights -Gi Aš—M©Z| G me AwaKv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask wnmv‡e CRC
mb‡ì 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40 -G Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv G AwaKv‡ii G‡KKwU Ask wnmv‡e aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
g~jZ: Aby‡”Q` 12 -†Z mivmwi wkk~i AskMÖn‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Participation AwaKv‡ii
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wkïi wbR¯^ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K evK-¯^vaxbZv I Zvi eqm I maturity Abyhvqx Zvi
e³‡eï cÖvavb¨ cvIqv| G AwaKvi wkï‡ì mgv‡R I RvwZ‡Z mwμq AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i|

173
Participation -Gi Aš—M©Z 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 24, 28, 29, 31, 42 -Gi ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv ‡hme welq‡K Aš—f©~³ K‡i Zv n‡j: wkïi gZvgZ Ges g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv,
msNe× nevi ¯^vaxbZv, cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mieivn BZ¨w` |
GB ch©v‡hi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv cÖK…Zc‡¶ CRC -Gi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gvymn Zvi ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I
wi‡cvwU©s m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYv †`q| GwU mKj wkï‡ì AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Yi j‡¶¨ m¤ú`
mg~‡ni m‡e©v”P wbwðZ K‡i| CRC-i ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g wkï AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ GwU Avš—
R©vwZK, RvZxq, ag©xq Ges ¯’vbxq †cÖ¶vcU Dc‡hvMx KvVv‡gv ˆZix K‡i| Aby‡”Q` bs- 1, 2, 4, 5,
18, 26, 27, 41-54 GB Mobilization rights Gi Aš—f©~³| Gi Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv AviI hv hv
wbwðZ K‡i Zv n‡jt wkïi msÁv, cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb ms‡kvab, RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK m¤ú` mg~‡ni
m‡e©v”P eënvi. wcZvgvZv I AvBbMZ Awffve‡Ki cÖwZ kª×v‡eva, ivóªxq ev mvgvwRK wbivcËv
weavb, wbqwgZ wi‡cvwU©s I gwbUwis BZ¨vw`|

174
‰elg¨nxbZv
(Aby‡”Q`-2)
(Aby‡”Q`-3) (Aby‡”Q`-12)
+ Revew`wnZv
(Aby‡”Q`-4)
†eu‡P _vKv I weKvk
(Aby‡”Q`-6)

175
Awa‡ekb 3
AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I `vwqZ¡evnK
`vwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 `vwqZ¡
†`Lv‡bv|

176
Awa‡ekb 4
1914-1919 cÖ_g wek¦hy×
1950-1980 kxZj hy×
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶: †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv I Ab¨
mgvRZvwš¿K‡`k mg~n
1966 UN International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights
hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i;
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶-Gi †`k¸wj Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i
Dbœqb I gvbevwaKvi
Avjv`v n‡q hvq
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; hy³ivóª I Zvi
wgÎc¶ Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i
1986 Declaration on the Rights to
Development
1991 UNCRC G‡Z Av‡Q wkïi
wmwfj,ivR‰bwZK,A_©‰b
wZK,mvgvwRK I
mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKv‡ii
c~Y© mgš^q
1997 UN Reform: Rights Based
Development
2000 UNDP’s HRD on Human Rights and
Human Development
2001 Rights Based Programing Approaches
(UN organizations, donors, NGOs..)

177
`yB avivi AwaKvi
 wk¶v
 ¯^v¯’¨
 AvkªqKvR
 cvwb
evK ¯^vaxbZv
AwaKvi
Bm¨~ ‡hŠ_ ¯^v_©
mgZv
e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv
b¨vq wePvi
myi¶v
MYZvwš¿K bxwZgvjv
mylg m¤ú` †fvM
e¨w³i ¯^vaxbZv

178
Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K bv| Pvwn`v wfwËK I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©myPxi g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Zv
wbæi“c t
m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ AR©b bv nIqv ch©š— mš‘wó
AR©b K‡i bv| A_©vr mKj e¨w³i mgvb
AwaKvi Av‡Q, ZvB 80 kZvsk wkï‡K
UxKv`vb Kivi A_© GB †h, j¶¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
AwR©Z nqwb
K‡i|
¶gZvqb Kiv nq|
nq|
cÖKí
approach)
eva¨evaKZv †bB
i‡q‡Q
AwaKvi Av‡Q

179
KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i
GKwU wbR¯^ f~wgKv wb‡Z cv‡i (wkïivI
Ask wb‡Z cv‡i)
Rb¨ ¶gZvqb Kiv nq
`yÕwU cš’vi g‡a¨ Dc‡iv³ cv_©‡Kï g‡a¨ GKwU cÖavb welq n‡”Q †h,Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨ cš’vi
g‡a¨ †Kvb Revew`wnZv †bB| Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨ cš’vq wkï‡ì myi¶v Imn‡hvwMZv`v‡bi Rb¨
ivóª wKsev Ab¨vb¨ mswewae× KZ…©c‡¶i †Kvb ˆbwZK A_ev AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv †bB| Pvwn`v
_‡K A‡bK AwaKvi ˆZwi nq e‡U, Z‡e AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AvBbMZ, ˆbwZK evaëvaKZv I
Revew`wnZv Avcbv †_‡KB hy³ _v‡K| GKBm‡½ AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AwaKvi‡fvMx‡ì AwaKvi
`vwe Ki‡Z DØy× Kiv nq Ges †mRb¨ Zv‡ì ¶gZvqb Kiv nq| Gi A_© n‡”Q, Zv‡ì K…cvi cvÎ
wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv, eis Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ AvBbMZ AwaKvimg~‡ni `vex`vi wnmv‡e
†`Lv nq|
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK cš’vi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv we‡iva †bB|
eis cÖ_gwU wØZxqwUi wfwË e‡j a‡i †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i, Ges cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’vqiDËg
wRwbm¸wj‡K AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq mswk−ó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges AwaKvi I Dbœqb `ywU aviYv‡KB GB
cš’vq GKxf~Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
A‡bK mgq eySv‡bvi Rb¨ AwaKviwfwËK cš’v‡K cÖ‡qvRbwfwËK G¨v‡cÖv‡Pi wecixZ G¨v‡cÖvP wnmv‡e
msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| `ywU cš’viB wfwË n‡jv RbMY‡K wU‡K _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì
†fZ‡i †h me m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †mB m¤¢vebvi c~Y© weKvk mvab Kiv| H j¶¨ AR©‡b Dfq cš’v‡ZB
bvbv gvwÎK mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv I K‡g©v‡`¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e GB `yB gZev‡ì c~e©aviYv¸wj Ges
Kg©m~wPKi‡Y H me c~e©aviYvi eënv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

180
gvbevwaKvi
cÖmvi
 AvBb cÖYqb
Dci cwiex¶Y I
cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖwZôvb
Dbœq‡bi d‡j hv
AwR©Z nq
 mykvmb
Dci Pvc m„wó Kiv
w
gvbevwaKvi I
Dbœqb
†¶‡Î cwieZ©b
Avb‡Z n‡e
 ivRbxwZ I AvBb
e„w×

181
Awa‡ekb 5
wkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mvaviY aviYv
Abykxjb cÎ
mZ¨ wK wg_¨v wjLyb
- wkïiv Amnvq, eo‡ì Dci m¤ú~Y© wbf©ikxj|
- wkï‡ì Rb¨ †KvbwU fvj †KvbwU g›` eoiv Zv Rv‡bb|
- wkï gv‡bB bvevjK, c~Y©Zv Avm‡Z GL‡bv evwK|
- wkï‡ìI AwaKvi Av‡Q|
- wkïi cwievi hw` jvfevb nq Z‡e wkïivI jvfevb nq|
- wkïiv ïay PvB‡Z Rv‡b| Avi Zv‡ì me PvIqv c~iY Kiv Kv‡iv c‡¶ m¤¢e bq|
- me evev-gvB wkï‡ì R‡b¨ hv wKQz fvj Zv Ki‡Z Pvb|
- ‡KvbwU wkïi Rb¨ ìKvwi, †KvbwU Zv‡ì ¶wZ K‡i †m wel‡q me mgqB wkï‡ì gZvgZ
†bIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
- eo‡ì gZ wkï‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki aviYv I `„wófw½I Avjv`v Avjv`v|
- wkï AwfÁZv I `„wófw½ eo‡ì †_‡K wfbœ|
- wkïivI mgv‡Ri mwμq m`m¨
- cwievi ev mgv‡Ri DbœwZ n‡j wkïiv AvcbvAvcwb jvfevb n‡e Zv †Rvi w`‡q ejv hvq bv|
- wkïivI wb‡R‡Ì fvjg›` wb‡q fv‡e
- ev”Pv‡ì Ôgv‡ii Dci Jlya bvBÕ RbwcÖq †jLK ûgvqb Avn‡g‡ì K_vwU GK`g mwVK bq|
- wkï‡ì me K_v ïb‡Z †bB|
- wkï‡ì K_v ïb‡Z n‡e, Z‡e me K_v gvb‡Z n‡e Zv bq|
- me eq‡mi wkï Zv‡ì gZ K‡i gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|

182
Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP‡Z wkïÓ
- Kg©m~wPi †K›`ª we›`y‡Z wkï|
- wkï gv‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK w`K| wkïi mKj AwaKvi c~iY Ges myô weKv‡ki Rb hv wKQz
- wkï gv‡b mKj wkï| †Kej cÖvwš—K, `ye©j ev Amg_© wkï bq|
- wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri, RvZxq A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZi Ask wnmv‡e|
- wkï gv‡b e„nËi mgv‡Ri GKRb, GwZgLvbvi wkï, c_ wkï Gfv‡e Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv hv‡e
bv|
- wkï‡ì kw³ mvg_©¨ Av‡Q| eqm e„w×i av‡c av‡c GB kw³ mvg_©¨ μge„w× jvf K‡i|
- GK GK wkïi ˆkkeKvjxb AwfÁZv G‡KK iKg| mKj wkïi aviYv, mKj wkïi
- wkïiv ïay wb‡Z Rv‡b Zv bq| Zviv wKQz w`‡ZI Rv‡b| wbQK †fvMx †kªYx bq Zviv| Zviv
- wkïivI mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Avi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡ì bvbv

183
†g‡b †bIqv|
Kiv|
M‡o †Zvjv|

184

185
Awa‡ekb 6
Abykxjb cÎ
KZ `ª“Z Avgiv †PbvRvbv gvby‡li bvg wjL‡Z cvwi ?
welq bvg
13.AvR‡K hv‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv
2 R‡bi bvg
14. w`‡b 10 N›Uvi †ewk cwikªg K‡ib †PbvRvbv Ggb
Kv‡iv bvg
15.fvj Mvb Mvq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
16.fvj Awfbq K‡i Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
17.GKRb êÁvwb‡Ki bvg
18.Dcb¨vm wj‡Lb Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
19.Lye †ewk wUwf †`‡L, Avcbvi †Pbv Rvbv Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
20.Avcbvi Lye Kv‡Qi GKRb gvby‡li bvg
21.Avcbvi Awd‡m PvKix K‡i Ggb `yBR‡bi bvg
22. GB †Kv‡©m AskMÖnYKvix †h †Kv‡bv GKR‡bi bvg
23.cÖwZw`b †`Lv nq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
24.Avcbvi MÖv‡gi/ gnj−vi GKRb fv‡jv gvby‡li bvg

186
n‡q‡Q|

187
Awa‡ekb 7
`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ QK
msμvš— AwaKvi
cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivóª
Lv`¨ cywó ?
wkïi weKvk
cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivvóª
wk¶v
gvbm¤§Z wk¶vi
AwaKvi

188
Awa‡ekb 8
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbxwZ
‡ivj‡c−-i Rb¨ NUbvcÎ
NUbvcÎ-1
gwbKvi eqm 17 eQi| †m fvj‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q 24 eQi eqmx kv‡n`‡K|
gwbKvi evev I kv‡n‡ì evev `yR‡bB kn‡ii bvgKiv abx eëmvqx,
cÖfvekvjx e¨w³| gwbKv I kv‡n` †Mvc‡b we‡q K‡i‡Q| we‡qi ci kv‡n`‡ì
evwo‡Z D‡V‡Q gwbKv| kv‡n‡ì evev Zv‡ì G we‡q †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb wKš‘
gwbKvi evev G we‡q †g‡b †bb wb| wZwb Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq wb‡q‡Qb| †g‡q‡K
wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †diZ †c‡Z Pvb wZwb| Zvi g‡Z G we‡q A‰ea| wZwb †g‡qi
m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© we‡ePbv K‡i †g‡q‡K †diZ cvIqvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q‡Qb|
‡Q‡ji ev‡ci e³e¨ n‡jv: †g‡qi eqm 18 eQ‡ii Kg, Zviv we‡q K‡i Ab¨vq
K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ¯^vgx-¯¿x wnmv‡e ivwÎ hvc‡bi ci we‡q GLb êa| wZwb ej‡Qb,
†g‡q‡K ev‡ci evwo cvVv‡j Zvi evev Zvi Ici AZ¨vPvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, we‡q
†f‡½ †Ìqvi Rb¨ †g‡qi Ici Pvc w`‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡Z `ywU Rxeb ¶wZMÖ¯—
n‡e|
gwbKv ej‡Q, †m fvj‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q Ges GLb †m ¯^vgxi evox‡Z _vK‡Z
Pvq|
Avcwb wePviK n‡j Kx ivq w`‡Zb?

189
NUbvcÎ-2
iwngv LyeB Mixe N‡ii †g‡q| eqm 15 eQi| evwo‡Z †mw`b GKv †c‡q
cvovi Ae¯’vcbœ cwiev‡ii hyeK KwjgywÏb Zv‡K al©Y K‡i| iwngvi evev G
e¨vcv‡i _vbvq gvgjv K‡i| cvovi gyi“weŸiv ZLb iwngvi mv‡_ KwjgywÏb-
Gi we‡q w`‡q †`q Avi KwjgywÏb‡K eva¨ K‡i iwngvi bv‡g 3 weNv Rwg wj‡L
w`‡Z|
GjvKvi gvbevwaKvi Kg©xiv al©Y-gvgjvi c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bq Ges iwngvi
evev‡K gvgjv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z e‡j| Zv‡`i g‡Z, we‡q KL‡bv al©Y gvgjvi
wePvi n‡Z cv‡i bv| mKj wK‡kvixi wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z AvBbvb~M wePvi
`vwe K‡i Zviv|
G †¶‡Î Avcbvi we‡ePbvq KiYxq Kx?
NUbvcÎ-3
Avcbvi evmvq 13 eQi eqmx GK wK‡kvix KvR K‡i| ‡g‡qwU
Avcbvi k¦ïic‡¶i `~i m¤ú‡K©i AvZ¥xq| evwo hvIqvi Rb¨
†g‡qwU mviv¶Y KvbœvKvwU K‡i| MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z Zvi ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³
gv †g‡qwUi fiY †cvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi gv Pvq †g‡qwU
Avcbvi evmv‡ZB _vKzK| wKš‘ Avcbvi ¯¿x Ges †Q‡j †g‡qiv
†g‡qwUi KvbœvKvwU †`‡L Avi Zv‡K ivL‡Z Pvq bv| Gw`‡K †g‡qwU
GKw`b ûgwK †`q †h, †m GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e|
Avcbvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡”Q †h, †g‡qwU mwZ¨ mwZ¨ GKw`b cvwj‡q
hv‡e|
G †¶‡Î Avcbvi cwiev‡ii KiYxq Kx?

190
NUbvcÎ-4
GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq GjvKvq 7 †_‡K 8 eQi eqmx 4 Rb
cÖwZeÜx wkï Av‡Q| GKRb AÜ, 2 Rb evK I 1 Rb gvbwmK
cÖwZeÜx| evKcÖwZeÜx `yB Rb †g‡q, evwK `yBRb †Q‡j| Giv
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Mixe cwiev‡ii mš—vb|
¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv hvq wb Zv‡ì| ¯‹zj KZ„©c¶ Zv‡ì fwZ© K‡iwb|
Avcbwb hLb we`¨vjq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡jb _Lb Giv
Zv‡ì AwffveK‡ì wb‡q Aacbvi Kv‡Q Gjv ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bvi
Av‡e`b wb‡q?Kx Ki‡eb Avcwb?

191
Awa‡ekb 9
cÖ_g f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq
¯^vaxbZv wèm Dcj‡¶ Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ μxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Av‡qvRb Ki‡e| ¯’vbxq GKwU
GbwRI Zv‡ì e‡j‡Q GR‡b¨ Zviv 5 nvRvi UvKv LiP Ki‡Z cvi‡e| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Kx Kx
AvB‡Ug _vK‡e, Kx cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv n‡e, ‡gvU KqwU cyi¯‹vi, cÖavb AwZw_ ‡K n‡eb, μxov
Abyôvb cwiPvjbvq Kviv _vK‡e-Gme wel‡q cwiKíbv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q H GbwRI| Ójvjm~h© wkï
K¬veÓ-Gi 7Rb wkï †bZv cwiKíbv mfvq e‡m‡Qb|
wØZxq f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq
¯^vaxbZv wèm Dcj‡¶ RvMiYx D”Pwe`¨vj‡q μxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡e| ¯‹zj
KZ„©c¶ GR‡b¨ 5000 UvKv eivÏ K‡i‡Q| we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K, μxov wk¶K Avi mnKvix
cÖavb wk¶K 6 Rb Qv‡Îi m‡½ GR‡b¨ cwiKíbv mfvq e‡m‡Qb| mfvq wVK Kiv n‡e-|
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Kx Kx AvB‡Ug _vK‡e, Kx cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv n‡e, ‡gvU KqwU cyi¯‹vi, cÖavb AwZw_
‡K n‡eb, μxov Abyôvb cwiPvjbvq Kviv _vK‡e, mn‡hvwMZvq _vK‡e Kviv BZ¨vw`|

192
wkïi AskMÖnY wel‡q wkï AwaKvi mb`
Aby‡”Q`-12
AwaKvix| †mB mKj AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ wkï eqm Ges wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi
¶gZv Abyhvqx GB mKj gZvgZ‡K hv‡Z h_vh_ ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq AskMÖnYKvix
ivómg~n Zvi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|
6. D‡Ï‡k¨ wkï‡K mywbw`©ó my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e †hb wkï wb‡R A_ev †Kvb cÖwZwbwa
wKsev †Kvb h_vh_ ms¯’vi gva¨‡g Zvi wbR ¯^v_© mswk−ó wePvi wefvMxq ev
cÖkvmwbK †gvKÏgvi †¶‡Î RvZxq AvB‡bi wewae× avivi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L Zviv
K_v ej‡Z cv‡i|

193
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Ab¨ †hme Aby‡”Q‡` wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi K_v
ejv n‡q‡Q

194
Abykxjb cÎ
mZ¨ Kx wg_¨v Wvb cv‡k wjLyb|
wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb
6. wkï/wkïivB Zvi/Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡e|
7. ‡Kvb& (†Kvb& †Kvb&) wkï‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡e Zv Zv‡ì wbR¯^ eënvi
8. Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i bvwK †Mvcb †fv‡U wbe©vPb Ki‡e- GwUI wVK Ki‡e
wkïivB
9. ‡Kvb& †Kvb& †hvM¨Zvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwbwa wVK Ki‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡e wkïiv|
10. GKB wkï GKvwaKevi wbe©vwPZ n‡Z cvi‡e Kx cvi‡e bv- Zv wVK Ki‡e
wkïiv|
wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb: eo‡ì `vwqZ¡
10. wkïiv hw` wb‡Riv wb‡R‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z m¶g e‡j g‡b K‡i
Z‡e †mLv‡b eo‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
11. Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q hw` weev‡` Rwo‡q c‡o Z‡e eoiv
Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡a/wgUv‡Z mnvqZv w`‡eb|
12. wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡b †Kv‡bv cÖfve we¯—vi Ki‡eb bv eoiv|
13. cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡b mgm¨v m„wó n‡j, wkïiv hw` eo‡ì mvnvh¨ Pvq, Z‡eB
eoiv mvnv‡hï nvZ evov‡eb |
14. wkï‡ì wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa Avcbvi Kv‡Q †hvM¨ g‡b bv n‡jI Avcbvi
Kivi wKQ~ †bB| G †¶‡Î Avcbvi ØvwqZ¡ n‡e H cÖwZwbwai Ávb, `¶Zv
evov‡bv|

195
15. wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M cÖv_©xZv-†hvM¨Zv Kx n‡e Zv wVK Kivi Rb¨ wkï‡`i
civgk© w`‡eb|
16. wkïi c~Y© m¤§wZ Qvov eoiv wb‡R †KD Zvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
bv|
17. Av`vjZ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î AwffveK ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv ‡Kv‡bv wkïi
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z n‡j †m wel‡q wkï‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges wkïi K_v ïb‡Z
n‡e|
18. eo †KD wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡j wkï ev wkïiv wK e‡j‡Q Zv wkïi
Revbx‡Z ej‡Z n‡e|
19. K_v ejvi mgq hw` Abyev`‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq, Z‡e wbe©vwPZ Abyev`K wkïi
Revbx‡Z K_v ej‡eb| wkï Kx e‡j‡Q †Kej ZvB ej‡eb, Abyev`‡Ki Kv‡Q Kx
g‡b n‡q‡Q Zv ejvi `iKvi †bB|

196
KvW©
wkïiv Kxfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡e Ges mswk−ó‡¶‡Î I eo‡ì fywgKv Kx n‡e?
 bxwZgvjv ˆZwi‡Z (RvZxq)
 cwiev‡i
 cvjK/AwfveKZ¡-MÖn‡Yi †ejvq
 we`¨vj‡q
 wkïkª‡g wb‡qvM †Ìqvi †¶‡Î
 Qq gv‡mi wkï‡K wLPzwo LvIqv‡bvi mgq
 evwoN‡ii KvR eë¯’vcbvq
 cvK© ˆZwi mgq
 wkï‡ì msMVb ˆZwi‡Z
 GbwRI Kg©m~wP‡Z
 ‡Ljva~jv Av‡qvR‡b
 M‡elYvq
 GW‡fv‡Kmx Kv‡R
 ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Kv‡R
 MYgva¨‡g
 ag©xq Kv‡R
 cwi‡ek i¶vg~jK Kv‡R
 ÎvY wkwei eë¯’vcbvq
 e¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi †¶‡Î
 QvÎvevm, GwZgLvbv, wkï‡K›`ª cwiPvjbvq
 wkï msMV‡b
 ‡hŠb wbh©vZb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z
 evj¨we‡q †iv‡a

197
Awa‡ekb 9
‡Rvov`‡ji Abykxjb cÎ
mwVK `vwqZ¡evnK wPwýZ K‡i †K Kvi Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e Revew`wn PvB‡e Avi †K
Kvi/Kv‡ì Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e Revew`wn Ki‡e Zv wPwnèZ Ki“b|
Òwkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ evK¨¸”QÓ
17. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wd« eB †c‡Z 20 UvKv Rgv w`‡e nq |
18. we`¨vj‡q wk¶Kiv wbqwgZ K¬v‡k Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb bv |
19. wkï cvPv‡ii Lei cÖvqB cwÎKvš—‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q |
20. Kg©Rxex wkïiv w`‡b 14 N›Uv LvU‡Q |
21. M„nKgx© GK wK‡kvix wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q|
22. ivR‰bwZK wgwQ‡j AskMÖnYKvix 5 Rb wkï‡K a‡i wb‡q AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q cywjk|
23. cvV¨cy¯—‡K Ò‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mÓ Z_¨ weåvwš— NU‡Q |
24. nvmcvZv‡j Mjvq gv‡Qi KuvUv GK wK‡kvi mgq gZ wPwKrmv bv †c‡q gviv †M‡Q|
25. ‡bkvMÖ¯— GK wK‡kvi Pzwi Ki‡Z wM‡q aiv c‡o †e`g gvi †L‡q gviv †Mj|
26. 14 eQ‡ii wK‡kvix Av‡gbv‡K we‡q w`j Zvi gv-evev|
27. 2006 mv‡j 12 j¶ QvÎ QvÎx beg †kªYx‡Z †ev‡W© bvg †iwRw÷ª K‡iwQj |2008 mv‡j
GmGmwm cix¶vq AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q 6 jvL QvÎQvÎx
28. ‡mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb Av‡qvwRZ GK Abyôv‡b G‡m nvwi‡q †M‡Q ev‡Minv‡Ui GK wK‡kvi
29. wewoi KviLvbvq Kg©iZ 10% wK‡kvi wK‡kvix k¦vm cÖk¦vm RwbZ †iv‡M gvivZ¥K Amy¯’
n‡q nvmcvZv‡j fwZ©
30. mybvgM‡Äi nvIi GjvKvi 1 wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q gvÎ 1 Rb wk¶K | 5g †kªbxi 2 Rb
QvÎ †mLv‡b 1g I 2q †kªYxi QvÎ‡ì covq
31. KzwoMÖv‡gi Pi GjvKvq 5-10 eQi eqmx wkky‡ì 50% ¯‹z‡j hvq bv
32. wkï GKv‡Wgx MZ GK eQ‡i gvÎ 3wU eB cÖKvk K‡i‡Q |

198

199
Abykxjb cÎ
ÒRevew`wnZv e¨e¯’vKi‡YiÓ †iLvwPÎ (AvDU jvBb)
Kx e¨e¯’v Kxfv‡e ev¯—evwqZ n‡e?

200
Awa‡ekb 12
wkïi †Kvb&
†Kvb& AwaKvi
jswNZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi
jsN‡bi KviY
¶wZMÖ¯—
wkï Kviv
Ges Zv‡`i
Kx ¶wZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi
jsNb Kvix
mswk−ó
ØvwqZ¡ evnK
KiYxq
cy~iY nqwb ‡h (†h
me) AwaKvi
¶wZMÖ¯—
wkï Kviv
Ges Zv‡`i
Kx ¶wZ
n‡q‡Q?
AwaKvi cyi‡Y
evav
mswk−ó ØvwqZ¡
evnK
KiYxq

201
eY©bv|

202
Awa‡ekb 13
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ ej‡Z cÖvc¨ m¤ú` e¨envi K‡i GKwU `xN©
mgqvš—‡i Kg©m~wPi mKj GjvKvi mKj wkïi AwaKvi ¯’vqxfv‡e c~iY‡K eySvq |
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK j¶¨: ‰ewkó¨ mg~n
2010 mv‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨vj‡q wkïi kvixwiK I we`¨vj‡q, cwiev‡i, Kg©¯’‡j, mgv‡R mKj wkï

204
Awa‡ekb 14
wk¶vi AwaKvi - eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wk¶v
Kg©m~wP mdj Kivi j‡¶¨ 2009
mv‡ji g‡a¨ Kg©m~wP GjvKvi
evev-gv/AwffveK‡ì m‡PZb
Kivi gva¨‡g 5 eQi ev Z`ya©
eq‡mi †h me ‡Q‡j †g‡qiv
¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q bv, ‡mBme ‡Q‡j
†g‡q‡ì wbqwgZ ¯‹z‡j †cÖiY
- gv-evev, cwievi
ch©v‡q wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡
wel‡q m‡PZbZv m„wó
-
% evev-gv
KZ©…K
¯‹z‡j †cÖiY
we`¨vj‡q
kvixwiK I
gvbwmK wbh©vZb
†_‡K wkï‡ì
myi¶v
2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Kg©m~wP
GjvKvi mKj cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK
we`¨vjq I gv`ªvmvi cwiPvjbv
KwgwUmg~‡ni mn‡hvwMZvq mKj
wk¶vj‡q wkï‡ì Ici
kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZb eÜ
Kiv|
-cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK
cwiPvjbv KwgwUmg~n‡K
wkïi myi¶vi AwaKvi
wel‡q m‡PZb Kiv I
wkï wbh©vZb ‡iv‡a
mwμq Kiv
-
% wkï wbh©vZb
NUbvi mdj
†gvKvwejv

205
Awa‡ekb 15
wZb ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi ev¯—evqb †KŠkj wK n‡Z cv‡i †mf `¨v wPj‡Wªb †m e¨vcv‡i GKwU
g‡Wj Dbœqb K‡i‡Q| g‡WjwU †mf `¨v wPj‡Wªb cÖwZôvbmg~n I Askx`vi cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv eënvi
Ki‡Q Ges Zv‡ì M„nxZ Kg©m~wP¸wj‡K wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi †cÖ¶vcU w`‡q cwigvc Ki‡Q|
GB g‡WjwU GK¸”Q Kg©m~wPi mgvnvi, G¸wj ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³| Ges G¸wj GKm‡½ cwjZ n‡j
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y AwaK mvdj¨ e‡q Av‡b|
 AwaKvi c~iY Ki‡Z I AwaKvi j•Nb †iva Ki‡Z mivmwi Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv Kiv|
 cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv AeKvVv‡gv I Kvh©mva‡bi e‡›`ve¯— kw³kvjx Kiv|
 mg_©K‡Mvôx I Zv‡ì mvg_©¨ M‡o †Zvjv
D‡jL¨ †h, mKj G¨v‡cÖvPB c×wZMZfv‡e cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−l‡Yi Dci wbf©ikxj|
k~b¨Zv c~i‡Y
Ki‡Z I
AwaKvi
j•Nb †iv‡a
mivmwi
Kg©KvÊ
AeKvVv‡gv I
Kvh©mva‡bi
e‡›`ve¯—
kw³kvjxKiY
mg_©K‡Mvôx
I Zv‡ì
mvg_©¨ M‡o
†Zvjv

206
1g ¯—¤¢: AwaKvi c~i‡Y I AwaKvi j•Nb †iv‡a mivmwi Kg©KvÊ
GB K‡g©v‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g AwaKvi j•Nb I AwaKvi †fv‡Mi †¶‡Î we`¨gvb Am¤ú~Y©Zv `~i Ki‡Z
ev¯—e I mivmwi eë¯’v wb‡Z Drmvn †`qv n‡q‡Q|
we‡kl K‡i myi¶vi wewfbœ Bmy¨, †hgb msNl©Kv‡j wkï‡ì c„_K ivLv, evwYwR¨Kfv‡e †hŠb †kvlY,
wkï kªg BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î AwaKvi jw•NZ n‡j Dchy³ cÖwZwμqv Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges GKBm‡½ AwaKvi
†fv‡Mi †¶‡Î wewfbœ eë¯’vi I AskMÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i †hLv‡b †h Am¤ú~Y©Zv I Am½wZ i‡q‡Q Zv `~i
Kivi R‡b¨ Dchy³ Kg©cš’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b mivmwi cÖwZwμqv Rvbv‡Z n‡e| hv‡ì Gme
e¨vcv‡i `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q Zviv hv‡Z h_vh_ eë¯’v †bq I Zv‡ì M„nxZ Kvh© eë¯’v hv‡Z mwZ¨Kvifv‡e
Revew`wng~jK nq, †mme wbwðZ K‡i GBme Am¤ú~Y©Zv I Am½wZ `~i Ki‡Z n‡e|
2q ¯—¤¢: AeKvVv‡gv I Kvh©mva‡bi e‡›`ve¯— kw³kvjxKiY
wkïi AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î evav AwZμg Ki‡Z, Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z I μ‡gvbœqb cwiex¶Y
Ki‡Z ÔAeKvVv‡gvÕ kw³kvjx Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ GLv‡b wkïi AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î cÖ‡Yv`bv †Ìqv
I myi¶vi welqwU‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z AvBbMZ, ivR‰bwZK, cÖkvmwbK I KwgDwbwUi KvVv‡gv, cÖ_v I
c×wZi Dbœqb‡K GLv‡b eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ D‡`¨vM †hgb RvZxq wkï Kwgkb, b¨vqcvj,
wW‡dÛvim Ae wPj‡WªÝ ivBUm, msweavb I AvB‡bi ms¯‹vi, wkï‡ì Rb¨ ev‡RU, wkï‡ì Rb¨
KvDwÝj, Ges RvZxq Kg©cwiKíbv (†hgbÑ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi Rb¨ m¤ú‡ì cybe©Èb) Ñ
GmeB cwieZ©‡b MwZ mÂvi K‡i Ges wkï AwaKvi mb` ev¯—evq‡b AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q †hme RvqMvq
cwieZ©‡bi †Póv Kiv n‡”Q †mLv‡b fwel¨Z SzuwK n«vm K‡i|
3q ¯—¤¢: mg_©K‡Mvôx I Zv‡ì mvg_©¨ M‡o †Zvjv
mgv‡R wkï‡ì AwaKvi‡K mg_©b Kivi Rb¨ miKvi, wewfbœ †ckvRxex, cÖPvi gva¨g, †emiKvwi LvZ
I mykxj mgvR †_‡K wewfbœ e¨w³‡K wb‡q GKwU mg_©K †Mvôx M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯—‡i Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv wkï‡ì Rb¨ BwZevPK `„wóf½xm¤úbœ e¨w³eM© hv‡Z
e¨w³MZ fv‡e wkï AwaKvi i¶vq mg_©b w`‡Z cÖwZkÖ“wZe× nq †m Rb¨ GKwU mg_©K †Mvôx M‡o
†Zvjv AZ¨š— cÖ‡qvRb| GB mg_©K‡Mvôx M‡o †Zvjvi j¶¨ n‡”Q wm×vš—MÖnYKvix I RbgZ
m„wóKvix Ges wkï‡ì m‡½ m¤úK©i¶vKvix e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv e„w× I mg‡SvZv m„wó K‡i I
Zv‡ì cÖwZkÖ“wZe× K‡i GKwU wkï AwaKvi welqK KwgDwbwU M‡o †Zvjv| miKvi, ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
†ckvRxex, MY‡hvMv‡hvM gva¨g, †emiKvwi LvZ Ges mvaviY RbM‡Yi †fZi †_‡K wkï AwaKvi
wel‡q M‡o †Zvjv mg_©K‡Mvôx wkï AwaKvi wel‡q `xN©¯’vqx DbœwZ weav‡bi wfwË wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|

207
Awa‡ekb 16
cwiex¶Y
cwiex¶‡Yi welq:
KLb Kxfv‡e Kvi Øviv Kx Kiv K_v wQj ¿
g~j¨vqb
nq|
g~~j¨vq‡bi welq:

208
cÖ‡mm
AvDUcyU
cÖ‡mm
AvDUcyU
B‡d±
B‡¤ú±
BwÛ‡KUi Gi Ici
nq

209
†Kvb& †Kvb& AwaKvi AwaKZi c~iY n‡”Q? †Kvb& †Kvb& AwaKvi Av‡Mi gZ jswNZ n‡”Q bv|
‡Kvb †Kvb AwaKvi fvjfv‡e c~iY n‡”Q? †Kvb AwaKvi GLb Avi jw½Z n‡”Q bv? KZ wkï Avi
Zi“Y‡ì (%) Rxebgvb DbœZ n‡q‡Q?
2. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©bmg~n
wZbwU cÖavb fv‡M:
 bxwZgvjvq cwieZ©b : †hgb, bZzb AvBb ˆZwi Av_ev we`¨ggvb AvB‡b cwieZ©b mvab
 bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b: ‡hgb,bZzb AvBb ev¯—evqb, †mevi ¸YMZgvb cwieZ©b
 `„wófw½ I a¨vb aviYvq cwieZ©b: †hgb, wkï AwaKvi c~iY Ki‡Z, myi¶v Ki‡Z Ges
wkï AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ kª×vkxj nIqvi wel‡q ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì aviYv ¯^”QZi n‡q‡Q | Zviv
AviI †ewk `vwqZ¡kxj n‡q‡Qb| wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© I wkï AwaKvi we‡ePbv K‡i
`vwqZ¡evnKiv bxwZgvjv ˆZwi Ges ev¯—evqb Ki‡Qb|
 Avgv‡ì Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖZ¨¶ AskMÖnY/RwoZ nIqv: †hgb. Kg©m~wP cwiKíbvq cÖfve LvUv‡bv,
Kg©m~wP‡Z AskMÖnY †_‡K wk¶v Avi cwiex¶Y, g~j¨vqb I cÖfve hvPvB‡q †hvMvb (BbcyU)
†Ìqv BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î wkï‡ì m¶gZv e„w×|
 Kg©m~wP/Kg©m~wP ch©v‡qi evB‡i cÖfve LvUv‡bvi †¶‡Î wkï I Zi“Y‡ì m¶gZv e„w×: †hgb-
o wkï‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi cÖfvemg~n: m¶gZv, AvZ¥-m‡PZbZv, ¯^vaxbfv‡e wm×vš—
MÖnY, mgm¨ mgvav‡bi `¶Zv BZ¨vw`|
o eq¯‹‡ì Ici Ges e„nËi mgv‡R cÖfve we¯—vi: eq¯‹ I wkï‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©,
eq¯‹‡ì Ges e„nËi mgv‡Ri `„wófw½|
o evB‡ii cwi‡e‡k cÖfvemg~n: Zv‡ì fv‡jv g‡›ì m‡½ RwoZ bxwZgvjv I AvBb
wewa ˆZwi, ms‡kvab I ev¯—evq‡b cÖfve LvUv‡bv|
 bxwZgvjv I Kg©m~wP‡Z, †mevq Ges mgv‡Ri cÖvwš—K wkï‡ì Aš—fy©³ Kiv|
 ‡Kvb wkïi Kv‡Q GL‡bv Avgiv †cŠuwQ wb?
 GBme wkï‡ì Rb¨ Avgiv Kx cwieZ©b NUv‡Z †c‡iwQ? Wkïiv Kx mevB mgvbfv‡e
jvfevb n‡q‡Q? hw` Zv bv n‡q _v‡K, †Kb nqwb?

210
 Ab¨vb¨ msMVb wkï AwaKvi-Gi `vwe‡Z mwμq|
 mgv‡Ri wewfbœ MÖ“c Ges e¨w³eM© wkï AwaKvi j½‡bi wel‡q AwaKZi m‡PZb,
Zviv wkï AwaKvi mswk−ó ØvwqZ¡evnK wPwnèZ Ki‡Z m¶g Ges ØvwqZ¡evn‡`i‡K
Zviv Revew`wn iv‡Lb|
 wkï AwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡¶ ‡RvU, †bUIqK©-G AskMÖnY e„w×| Zv‡`i Av¯’v e„w×
†c‡q‡Q, HK¨gZ¨ MwVZ n‡q‡Q, Ges ‡hŠ_ Kg©m~wP MÖn‡Yi mvg_©¨ †e‡o‡Q|

211
Awa‡ekb 17
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ
 ¶wZMÖ¯—, wcwQ‡q cov I mgvwRKfv‡e ev`Mov wkï‡Ì Rb¨ msMÖ‡ni we‡kl
eë¯’v wQj wK?


212
n‡qwQj wK?
bxwZ
e¨e¯’v wQj wK?
wQj wK?
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
D_&_vcb K‡i _vK‡j †m wel‡q ¯^”QZv Avbv n‡q‡Q wK?


213
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
cwiKíbv
bxwZ
n‡q‡Q wK?
wK?
bxwZ
 fy³‡fvMx evjK-evwjKv‡`i ˆ`wnK, DcjwäRvZ, Av‡eMxq, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK
I Ava¨vwZ¥K Dbœqb wbwðZ I `„pKi‡Yi Rb¨ eûLvZ wewkó G¨v‡cÖvP (multi-
sectoral approach) MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?

214
AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ
n‡q‡Q wK?
wkï?
wK?
Kvh©Kix wQj wK?
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
 wkï‡ì gZvgZ MÖnY Kivi ci hv‡Ì gZvgZ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì‡K ÒKx
cwiKíbv †bIqv n‡jvÓ Zv Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q wK?
 cwiKíbv Kv‡j wkïiv Òeoiv me Pvwc‡q w`‡q‡QÓ GiKg g‡bvfve †cvlY
K‡i‡Q wKbv †m wel‡q †LuvR †bIqvi eë¯’v wQj wK?
 wkï‡ì mKj cÖ‡kœi Reve †`Šqv n‡qwQj wK? wkïiv wK †m me Revemš‘wói
mv‡_ MÖnY K‡i‡Q?

216
wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi
g~jbxwZ mg~n
cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb
êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ  cÖK‡í/Kg©m~wPwU‡Z wj½ welqwU‡K wK MZvbyMwZK I cÖ_vgvwdK Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q, bvwK G e¨vcv‡i cwieZ©b‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
 ‡KD †ewk jvfevb, †KD Kg jvfevb n‡q‡Q- Ggb `„óvš— mOMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q
wK?
bxwZ
 wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v K‡i wm×vš— MÖnY bv Kivi `„óvš— msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
G †¶‡Î wkï †h ai‡Yi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q, †h †h AwaKvi jswNZ n‡q‡Q Zvi
weeiY msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
bxwZ  ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki †¶‡Î Kg©m~wPi cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ cÖfve hvPvB Kiv n‡q‡Q
wK?
 Kg©m~wP PjvKv‡j †Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡M cwZZ ev ¶wZMÖ¯— wkï‡K AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z
mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?
`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì
Revew`wnZvi bxwZ
 cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv I Zv ev¯—evq‡b wkky‡ì †Kv‡bv AvcwË
ev Aby‡hvM D_&_vc‡bi eë¯’v wQj wK?

217
Awa‡ekb 18
wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ
‰elg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ êwPÎ¨ ev wewfbœ Bmy¨ Ges H Bmy¨¸wj wKfv‡e GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Rbej
wb‡qv‡M Ges wbe©vPb bxwZ Ges Kvh© c×wZ, mw¤§wjZ mvs¯‹…wZK cwigÊ‡j Kv‡R, fvlv I Abyev‡ì
†¶‡Î bxwZ, †eZb Ges my‡hvM-myweavi KvVv‡gv I myweavw` cvIqvi †¶‡Î GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi †bIqv
G¨v‡cÖvP my¯úófv‡e Zvrch© enb K‡i| mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi Dc‡iv³ Bmy¨¸wj Luy‡R †ei
K‡i ÒwWMwbwU IqvK©Ó e¨vbv‡i †m m‡ei cÖwZweav‡bi †Póv Pj‡Q|
Kvh©Z Avgv‡ì cÖwZôv‡b êlg¨ n«vmKi‡Yi A_© ùvovqÑ
 Ggb GKUv Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv †hLv‡b êwPÎ ev wfbœZv‡K cÖ‡Yv`bv †Ìqv nq Ges hvi
j¶¨ AmgZv I Kzms¯‹vi‡K `~i Kiv, †hgb Kg©iZ RbK-Rbbx‡ì Kv‡Ri myweavRbK mgq
wbe©vPb Kiv, cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv|
 †h wfbœZvi cwiw¯’wZi I KwgDwbwUi †cÖ¶vc‡U Avgiv KvR Kie, Zvi m‡½ msMwZ †i‡L Ggb
Kgx© evwnbx M‡o Zzje, hv‡Z †mB wfbœZvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _v‡K, †hgbÑ wb‡qvMwewa‡K †mfv‡e ˆZwi
Kiv|
 Ggb GKwU Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv †hLv‡b cÖwZwU e¨w³i Rb¨ _vK‡e m¤§vb| †m Zvi Kv‡Ri
mgq gh©v`v eRvq ivL‡Z cvi‡e, Ges wb‡R‡K nqivbx †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †hgbÑ Dchy³
AvPiYwewa|
 cÖwZôv‡bi wewa-eë¯’vq êlg¨nxbZvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv I Mrevav
eë¯’vi evB‡i wM‡q †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv, †hgbÑ êlg¨nxbZvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i cy¯—K-cyw¯—Kv cÖKvk|
 Kgx©iv hv‡Z cwi®‹vifv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡i wK Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hv cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡”Q Zvi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv
I msjv‡ci my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv| Zv‡ì bxwZgvjv, Kvh©wewa, wewa-weavb, BZ¨vw` wel‡q nvjbvMv`
Z_¨ mieivn K‡i mg„× Kiv| †hgbÑ Kgx© g~j¨vqb c×wZ (staff review mechanism)|
 μgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z _vKv wewfbœ êwPÎ¨m¤^wjZ cÖwZôvb‡K cwiPvjbv Kiv| GLv‡b Ø›Ø nq‡Zv
evo‡Z _vK‡e Ges †mUv‡K MVbg~jK I D™¢vebx c‡_ cwiPvjbv K‡i Ávb I AwfÁZv AR©b
Kiv|
AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v Ges b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ

218
AwaKvi‡Kw›`ªK cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni g‡¯—v eo wPš—vi welq n‡”Q †h, wKfv‡e Zviv cÖvwZôvwbK wePvi-
we‡ePbvq AZ¨š— DbœZ gvb eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i, Zvi c_ wba©viY Kiv Ges †m¸‡jv cÖwZôv‡bi mKj
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b A_©vr mKj Kv‡R eënvi wbwðZ Kiv (AvPiY-wewa, bxwZgvjv, BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖwZdwjZ
Kiv)|
cÖwZôvb‡K G e¨vcv‡i wbivcËv eë¯’v, ¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’v, wbivc‡` ivLvi eë¯’v BZ¨vwì ev¯—evqb †_‡K
ïi“ K‡i Kgx©‡ì cÖksmv I cyi®‹vi ch©š— cÖwZwU wel‡q eë¯’v wb‡Z nq|
wewaeë¯’vi (procedure) g‡a¨ ÷vd‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡, ¯^”QZv Ges Av‡jvPbvwfwËK wm×vš— MÖnY I
wm×vš— ÁvZKi‡Yi wel‡q e¨vL¨v †Ìqv _v‡K, †Zgwb _v‡K †m¸wj AR©b Kivi Ges Awf‡hvM n‡j
wK Ki‡Z n‡e, †m wel‡q we`¨gvb eë¯’vi K_vI|
GKwU cÖwZôvb G e¨vcv‡i hw` Ggb c×wZ MÖnY K‡i, hv ÔcÖvwZôvwbK mywePviÕ‡K gvby‡li mvg‡b
Zz‡j a‡i, Zv Kvh©Kifv‡e ÷vd‡ì ˆbwZKZv, DØy×KiY Ges ÷vd‡ì PvKzwi Z¨vM bv Kivi
cÖeYZvi c‡¶ g~jgš¿ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i Ges cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii cwim‡i cÖwZôv‡bi AR©‡bi Ges
cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨š—‡i cÖfv‡ei †¶‡ÎI Gi A‡kl Ae`vb iv‡L|
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡ì c‡¶ m¤úvw`Z KvR Ges M„nxZ eë¯’vwì Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi Revew`wn PvIqv
Ges †Kvb Kgx©i c‡¶ wb‡R‡K Revew`wni Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv †ek KóKi I RwUj KvR| †m †¶‡Î
K‡g© wbhyw³i cvi¯úwiK †evSvcovg~jK Pwi‡Îi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôv‡bi I †Kvb we‡kl Kgx©i Df‡qiB
†hŠw³K cvIbv `vex Kivi I m¤§vb cvevi AwaKvi †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb Zv‡ìI b¨¯— `vwqZ¡
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cvj‡bi evaëvaKZv Av‡Q| cÖvwZôvwbK Revew`wnZvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q mvgwMÖK cÖwZkÖ“wZ,
wm×vš—, cÖwZôvb KZ©„K cÖ`wk©Z AvPiY I g~j¨‡eva| Avi e¨w³MZ Revew`wnZvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wb‡Ri
Dci b¨¯— `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b H e¨w³ wK AvPiY K‡i‡Q, wK f~wgKv I KZUv `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q|
wewaeë¯’vi (mechanism) g‡a¨ Av‡Q wbhyw³i Pzw³cÎ; Kvh©cwiwa, cwiKíbv I ev‡RU, cÖZ¨vkvi
my¯úó weeiY, †hvM¨Zvi msÁv, AewnZKi‡Yi (reporting)-Gi eë¯’v, AwWU wewagvjv, mgvavK…Z
Kv‡Ri wdWe¨vK c×wZmn eë¯’vcbv c×wZ Ges 360 wWMÖx G¨v‡cÖvPmg~n, bvwjk I k„•Ljv m¤úwK©Z
wewa, †hvMv‡hvM Ges Z_¨cÖevn; Db¥y³Zv I ¯^”QZv|
Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZi †K‡›`ª Av‡Q hviv AwaKv‡ii ¯^Z¡evb (GB †¶‡Î †h e¨w³ cÖwZôv‡bi KvR
Ki‡Qb) Zviv †hb cy‡ivcywifv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡i †Kvb †Kvb AwaKvi Zvi cÖvc¨ Ges †m hw` Zvi †Kvb
AwaKvi `vex K‡i †m †hb †mUv mn‡R Ki‡Z cv‡i|

219
AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ
cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ Kvh©Kifv‡e AskMÖn‡Yi eë¯’v _vK‡j Zv †hvMv‡hvM I civgk© cÖwμqvq, wm×vš—
MÖnY c×wZ‡Z Ges kvmb cwiPvjbvi KvVv‡gv I e‡›`ve‡¯— Zvrch©c~Y© cÖfve †d‡j|
÷vd‡ì ¶gZvqb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖwZôv‡b Ab¨vb¨ g~jbxwZ †_‡K wPwýZ Kiv A‡bK¸wj
e‡›`ve¯— _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvovI ‡Kvb wKQyi MÖnY ev cÖeZ©b c×wZ, Dchy³ mg_©‡bi my‡hvM, m¤ú`
eivÏ, `vwqZ¡ n¯—vš—i, ewa©Z nevi my‡hvM, A¯’vqxfv‡e `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb, wbqg Abyhvqx KvR, cwiex¶Y,
Ges GiKg bvbvwea welq Gi m‡½ RwoZ|
†hLv‡b Kgx©iv ¶gZvwqZ Ges cÖwZôv‡bi fv‡jvg‡›ì m‡½ cy‡ivcywi hy³ nq, †mLv‡b DØy×KiY,
m„wókxjZv, Drcv`bÑ mewKQyB e„w× cvq|
Z‡e cÖZxKxfv‡e Ki‡jB wec`| †hgbÑ †Kvb GKwU Bmy¨‡Z LyeB Kvh©Kifv‡e wm×vš— †bevi ci
†mB Bmy¨ wb‡q mnKgx©‡ì m‡½ kjvcivgk© Ki‡j Zviv ¶zä n‡eB| G‡Z Zv‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vm n«vm
cvq| Aciw`‡K Kg Kv‡R AwZwi³ Kgx© jv‡M Ges Kv‡Ri gvb K‡g hvq|
wkï‡ì mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖwZôvb Ggb GKwU Kvh©Ki eë¯’v ivL‡e hvi d‡j GKw`‡K
Zviv GUv wbwðZ Ki‡e †h Zv‡ì KvRK‡g© wkï‡ì ¯^v_© I AwaKvi ¶zYœ n‡”Q bv; Aciw`‡K Zviv
hLb hv wm×vš— †bq Zvi cÖv_wgK we‡ePbvB nq wkïi ¯^v_© I AwaKv‡ii cÖPvi I cÖmvi| Gi g‡a¨
Av‡Q wkï‡ì wbivcËv `vbKvix Ggb GKwU AvPiYwewa wbR Kgx© I Askx`vi‡ì g‡a¨ cÖeZ©b I
KwVbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv, hv‡Z wkï‡ì m¤¢ve¨ ¶wZ h_vm¤¢e mvgvb¨ nq, Ges Ggb GKwU e‡›`ve¯—
Pvjy Kiv hvi Rb¨ wkï‡ì we‡kl K‡i cÖvwš—K I `y`©kvMÖ¯— Ae¯’v‡b _vKv wkï‡ì m‡e©v”P DcKvi
cvevi †h †Kvb D‡`¨vM I my‡hvM-myweavi eë¯’v m`vme©`v mg_©b cvq| Dciš‘ GLv‡b cÖfve
g~j¨vq‡biI (impact evaluation) GKwU e‡›`ve¯— _vK‡Z n‡eÑ BwZevPK I ¶wZKi †h cÖfveB
co–K bv †Kb Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e| G m‡ei Rb¨ hv hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †m m‡ei g‡a¨ _vK‡e ms‡kvwaZ
wb‡qvM c×wZ, Kgx©‡ì Rb¨ AvPiYMZ wewagvjv, wkïevÜe cwimi ˆZwi Kiv; m¤úv`b
(performance) eë¯’vcbv c×wZ, cÖfve g~j¨vqb, ˆbwZK (ethical) wewb‡qvM|
wkï‡ì AskMÖnY I wkï‡ì wbKU Revew`wnZv
Kv‡RK‡g© wmAviwc G¨v‡cÖvP cÖ‡qvM Kivi A_© n‡jv Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi †cÖ¶vc‡U †Kej wkïi gZvgZ
†kvbv bq, Zv‡ì‡K cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Kv‡RÑ Ggb Kx Zvi †KŠkjMZ cQ›`, cwiex¶Y, g~j¨vqb

220
c×wZi gZ Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kiv, †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb-Gi gZ cÖwZôv‡b wkï‡ì cwiPvjbv eë¯’vq wKfv‡e
Ges KZ`~i wb‡qvwRZ Kiv hvq Zv GLbI †`Lvi welq| wKš‘ Avgiv hviv eq¯‹, Avgv‡ì GRb¨
¸i“ `vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì me ai‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mLvb †_‡K wk¶vjvf
Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡iÑ
 wkï‡ì‡K cvwiPvjbv KvVv‡gvi Ask Kiv;
 wkï‡ì‡K cwiKíbv c×wZi Ask Kiv;
 wkï‡ì cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb c×wZi D™¢veb, ev¯—evqb I cybwe©‡ePbvKi‡Yi Ask Kiv;
 cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨š—‡i my‡hvM-myweav I m¤ú` hv‡Z eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ wkïevÜe cwimi
ˆZwi Kiv;
 ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †KŠkj‡K wkïevÜe Kiv|
cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjbv c×wZ‡Z wkï‡ì Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ Kiv n‡j Zv wkï‡ì wbKU
cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi †¶‡Î Av‡iv DbœwZ NUv‡e| hwÌ GUvB GKgvÎ e‡›`ve¯— bq|
GKwU wkï AwaKviwfwËK cÖwZôvb me©‡Zvcv‡q wkï‡ì, Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii I KwgDwbwUi wbKU
`vqe× _vK‡e| AvBbMZ evaëvaKZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K Uªvw÷ †evW©, †¯^”Qv‡meK, `vZv Ges iv‡óªi
Kv‡Q GLb †h Revew`wn Ki‡Z nq, Zv‡KI AwZμg K‡i †h‡Z n‡e|

221
Awa‡ekb 19
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb
cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb cÎ
1| wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb 3wU welq Avcbvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk fvj
†j‡M‡Q?
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M)
2| wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb 3wU welq Avcbvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q Kg fvj †j‡M‡Q?
K)
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3| GB cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb ev †Kvb †Kvb Ask cwieZ©b Kiv ìKvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib Avcwb? Kx
cwieZ©b Avbv cÖ‡qvRb?
4| bZzb Ab¨ †Kvb welq GB cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi Aš—f©~³ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j g‡b K‡ib?
5| GB cÖwk¶‡Y eëüZ cÖwk¶Y c×wZ¸wj h_v_© wQj wKbv G wel‡q Avcbvi gš—e¨ wjLyb|
6| GB cÖwk¶‡Y eëüZ DcKiYmg~n h‡_ó Dc‡hvMx© wQj wKbv G wel‡q Avcbvi gš—e¨ wjLyb|
7| cÖwk¶‡Yi mnvqK‡ì mnvqZv-‡KŠkj, `¶Zv wel‡q Avcbvi gZvgZ wjL~b|
5| Kv‡ì Rb¨ GB cÖwk¶Y -Gi Av‡qvRb Aby‡gv`b K‡ib Avcwb?
6| ‡Kvb civgk© _vK‡j wjLyb|

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