The presentation is a brief introduction to the road network of Ahmedabad comprising of terminals, nodes, arterial, sub-arterial, collector and local roads. It also provides an intersection detail of Paldi circle as one case study.
The presentation is a brief introduction to the road network of Ahmedabad comprising of terminals, nodes, arterial, sub-arterial, collector and local roads. It also provides an intersection detail of Paldi circle as one case study.
Udupi is set to redefine business in a temple town. A haven for financial sectors, a birth place of 4 major public sector banks, with a high security printing of shares certificates and cheque books located here. The largest grower of Cashew nuts and exporter of Jasmine flowers, Udupi offers’ high focus on food processing sector too backed by fisheries in this coastal region.
Located in southern Karnataka; it is carved out of Dakshina Kannada district, it is spread across 3 Talukas namely Udupi, Kundapura and Karkala. The district has 86.29% literacy rate.
It is the second metro project in India after Kolkata metro. Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India.
GOI and GNCTD arranged all the capital required
Initial estimation of cost in 1996 was Rs 60 billion.
Revised estimation cost in 2002 was Rs 89.27 billion
Final cost of project approx. Rs 99 billion with Rs 7 billion savings.
Mr. E Sreedharan was appointed as project manger and managing and managing director in November 1997.
USAREC's Soldier Family and Assistance Branch has established a Newcomer’s Orientation to ensure that all incoming personnel and their Families are aware of the quality of life programs and support that exists within USAREC.
Ganga heritage river cruise circuit in west bengal : Problems and ProspectsAMITYAITTKOLKATA
SUBMITTED TO
AMITY INSTITUTE OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM
AMITY UNIVERSITY, WEST BENGAL
FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE DEGREE
OF MASTER OF ARTS IN TOURISM ADMINISTRATION
Contact for Advertisement at Bus Terminal Amritsar.
Feel Free to call at: 9855288099, 99147777714
OUR SERVICES:
1) OOH (Out Of Home) Media
(Unipoles,Hoardings and Innovative Displays)
2) Public & Traffic Ads
(Public Terminals, Clubs & Malls)
3) BTL Activities
(Events,Exhibitions, Transit and On-Ground Solutions, Public Shows)
4) Printing and Fabrication
(Flex, Digital Branding & LED Signages)
5) Activations
(TV, FM, Cinema, Digital, Mobile & Internet)
A railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers.
It generally consists of at least one track-side platform and a station building providing such ancillary services as ticket sales and waiting rooms.
Making sense of value
The Value Management toolkit and transport in Leeds
by David Worsley
Wednesday 20 November 2019
Event evening write up newstory page:
https://www.apm.org.uk/news/making-sense-of-value/
Udupi is set to redefine business in a temple town. A haven for financial sectors, a birth place of 4 major public sector banks, with a high security printing of shares certificates and cheque books located here. The largest grower of Cashew nuts and exporter of Jasmine flowers, Udupi offers’ high focus on food processing sector too backed by fisheries in this coastal region.
Located in southern Karnataka; it is carved out of Dakshina Kannada district, it is spread across 3 Talukas namely Udupi, Kundapura and Karkala. The district has 86.29% literacy rate.
It is the second metro project in India after Kolkata metro. Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India.
GOI and GNCTD arranged all the capital required
Initial estimation of cost in 1996 was Rs 60 billion.
Revised estimation cost in 2002 was Rs 89.27 billion
Final cost of project approx. Rs 99 billion with Rs 7 billion savings.
Mr. E Sreedharan was appointed as project manger and managing and managing director in November 1997.
USAREC's Soldier Family and Assistance Branch has established a Newcomer’s Orientation to ensure that all incoming personnel and their Families are aware of the quality of life programs and support that exists within USAREC.
Ganga heritage river cruise circuit in west bengal : Problems and ProspectsAMITYAITTKOLKATA
SUBMITTED TO
AMITY INSTITUTE OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM
AMITY UNIVERSITY, WEST BENGAL
FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE DEGREE
OF MASTER OF ARTS IN TOURISM ADMINISTRATION
Contact for Advertisement at Bus Terminal Amritsar.
Feel Free to call at: 9855288099, 99147777714
OUR SERVICES:
1) OOH (Out Of Home) Media
(Unipoles,Hoardings and Innovative Displays)
2) Public & Traffic Ads
(Public Terminals, Clubs & Malls)
3) BTL Activities
(Events,Exhibitions, Transit and On-Ground Solutions, Public Shows)
4) Printing and Fabrication
(Flex, Digital Branding & LED Signages)
5) Activations
(TV, FM, Cinema, Digital, Mobile & Internet)
A railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers.
It generally consists of at least one track-side platform and a station building providing such ancillary services as ticket sales and waiting rooms.
Making sense of value
The Value Management toolkit and transport in Leeds
by David Worsley
Wednesday 20 November 2019
Event evening write up newstory page:
https://www.apm.org.uk/news/making-sense-of-value/
Transport: South African government fleet case studyTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Mr Willem Janse van Rensburg (CoCT Electricity Support Services) at the Transport Forum SIG 14 July 2016 hosted by Standard Bank in Cape Town, South Africa.
The theme for the event was: "RTMS - Industry Best Practice and Standards". The topic of the presentation was: "Government fleet case study"
Case Study-Indirect China Strategic SourcingJohn William
Strategic sourcing is one of the important aspect for effective sourcing activities. This case study will help you to know the indirect China strategic sourcing. To know more visit: http://www.dragonsourcing.com/asia-sourcing/
Transport: Overview of challenges in road freight and why RTMSTristan Wiggill
A presentation done by Dr Paul Nordengen (Manager: Network Asset Management Systems: CSIR) at the Transport Forum SIG 14 July 2016 hosted by Standard Bank in Cape Town, South Africa.
The theme for the event was: "RTMS - Industry Best Practice and Standards". The topic of the presentation was: "Overview of challenges in Road Freight and why RTMS"
A presentation by Mr Oliver Naidoo (JC Auditors) at the Transport Forum SIG 14 July 2016 hosted by Standard Bank in Cape Town, South Africa.
The theme for the event was: "RTMS - Industry Best Practice and Standards". The topic of the presentation was: "Certification requirements"
The role of RTMS in improving transport corridor efficiencyTristan Wiggill
A presentation done by Dr Paul Nordengen (Manager: Network Asset Management Systems: CSIR) at the Transport Forum special interest group in collaboration with MCLI in Mbombela on 4 February 2016.
The theme for the event was: "Transport Corridors". The topic of the presentation was: "The Role of RTMS in Improving Transport Corridor Efficiency".
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Review of the national freight logistics strategyTristan Wiggill
A presentation done by Mr Nick Porée (Nick Porée and Associates (Pty)Ltd) at the Transport Forum SIG 2 July 2015 proudly hosted by Resolve in Midrand. The theme for the event was: "Supply Chain and Logistics Collaboration". The topic of the presentation was: "Review of the National Freight Logistics Strategy (NFLS) 2005".
Similar to Cross-Border Transport and Trade Facilitation along R12 Route (20)
Saving and Investment Puzzle in Thailand
Author: Warawut Ruankham
Co
authors: Sandar Htwe , Su Hlaing Oo , and Htet Zaw Linn
International Conference on “Opportunity in Adversity
The New Global Success Mantra”
30 March 2021
Valuing Nature: A Survey of the Non Market Valuation Literature
Mitchell L. Mathis
Houston Advanced Research Center
Allen A. Fawcett
University of Texas, Austin
Laura S. Konda
University of Texas, Austin
VNT
03 01 November 2003
Chapter 14 equilibrium effects and market conditionswarawut ruankham
Equilibrium Effects and Market Conditions
THOMAS STERNER
Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management
Presented by Warawut Ruankham
2 May 2021, NIDA, Thailand
The value of cultural heritage sites in southeastwarawut ruankham
THE VALUE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA – A COMPARISON OF VALUES AND DISCUSSION OF THE DIFFICULTIES OF BENEFITS TRANSFER
TRAN HUU TUAN (Hue University, VIETNAM)
UDOMSAK SEENPRACHAWONG (NIDA, THAILAND)
EEPSEA
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his file is created for educational purpose not for sale.
Creator of this presentation is highly appreciated the Authors:Christopher D. Carroll, Jody Overland and David N. Weil
Source: Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Dec., 1997), pp. 339-367 Published by: Springer
Income and substitution effects of estate taxationwarawut ruankham
This file is created for educational purpose not for sale.
Creator of this presentation is highly appreciated the Authors:James R. Hines Jr.
Source: The American Economic Review, Vol. 103, No. 3,
Papers and proceedings of
the one hundred twenty-fifth annual meeting of the American economic ASSOCIATION (MAY 2013), pp. 484-488
This file is created for educational purpose not for sale.
Creator of this presentation is highly appreciated the Authors: Robert T. Jensen and Nolan H. Miller
Source: The American Economic Review, Vol. 98, No. 4 (Sep., 2008), pp. 1553-1577.
Published by: American Economic Association
Rearranged by Warawut Ruankham
Economics Major, School of Management, MFU
This handbook is suitable for beginners who willing to study economics. The purpose is for self-study only, not for reference.
Reference:
วันรักษ์ มิ่งมณีนาคิน. (2552). หลักเศรษฐศาสตร์จุลภาค. พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 19. กรุงเทพฯ:สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์.
ศุภชัย ศรีสุชาติ (2546). แนวบรรยายวิชาเศรษฐศาสตร์เบื้องต้น ( ศ.210 ). มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์. กรุงเทพฯ.
คิม ไชยแสนสุข และ สุกัญญา ตันธนวัฒน์ (2556). หลักเศรษฐศาสตร์ธุรกิจ. สืบค้นจากhttp://mba.sorrawut.com/wiki
Bade, R., and Parkin, M. (BP): Foundations of Microeconomics, 4rd edition. Pearson Addison Wesley.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Cross-Border Transport and Trade Facilitation along R12 Route
1. Cross-Border Transport and Trade Facilitation
along R12 Route
(Thailand, Lao PDR and Vietnam):
The Thailand Perspective
Warawut Ruankham , Naphat Rompho,
Nattaphon Rangsaritvorakarn and Athitaya Pathan
School of Management, Mae Fah Luang University,
Chiang Rai, Thailand
1R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
2. Content
The presentation covering 6 topics
1. Introduction
2. Research questions
3. Methodology and framework
4. Empirical Results
5. Conclusion
6. Q&A
2R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
3. 1. Introduction
3R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Thailand Trade Partner (2017)
Rank Border Trade (83%) Cross-Border Trade (17%)
1 Malaysia (52%) China (35%)
2 Lao PDR (19%) Vietnam (35%)
3 Myanmar (17%) Singapore (30%)
4 Cambodia (12%)
Thailand has been trading under border trade with 4
neighboring countries including Malaysia, Laos PDR,
Myanmar and Cambodia,
Source: DFT, Thailand (2017)
and cross-border trade with 3 countries namely
Singapore, Vietnam and southern China.
Source: DFT, Thailand
4. 1. Introduction
4R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Growth rate (%)
Rank Border Trade (4.7%) Cross-Border Trade (19%)
1 Malaysia (2%) China (21%)
2 Lao PDR (6%) Vietnam (45%)
3 Myanmar (7%) Singapore (7%)
4 Cambodia (10%)
Comparing to cross-border trade, the border trade has
grown up to 4.7% (YoY) in 2017 where the cross-
border trade has grew up to 19%.
Source: DFT, Thailand (2017)
The main source of growth mainly arises from
Southern China and Vietnam
Source: DFT, Thailand
5. 1. Introduction
5R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Source: DFT, Thailand
Import:
The top 3 import products are computers and
components , Magnetic Tape, Dispenser for Computer,
ready-made clothes as well as the circuit boards
Export:
The top 3 export products are computers and
components (48.67%), fresh, frozen and dry fruits
(23.96%) as well as the circuit boards (4.86%)
6. 1. Introduction
6R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
For Thailand-China cross-border trade, export products were mainly exported through 7 border
gates (Shown in table below). And relied on two modes of transport:
1. Road transport: R9, R12, R3A and R3B
2. Water transport: Mekong River
No. Border Gate Main Route
Proportion
(%)
Export Value
(USD mn) %YoY
2017 2018(jan-Jun)
1 Mukdahan Border R9 55.41 721.03 267.83 -2.01
2 Chiang Khong Border R3A 30.71 287.84 148.44 20.23
3 Nakorn Phanom Border R12 5.40 40.92 26.10 22.58
4 Chiang Saen Border R3A 1.77 58.34 8.56 -71.98
5 Mae Sai Border R3B 0.08 1.09 0.39 -50.27
6 Ha Chang Depot Mekong 4.02 - 19.45 N/A
7 Chinag Saen Port Mekong 2.60 - 12.57 N/A
Total 100 483.85
Source: Cross-border trade statistics, DFT (2018)
7. 1. Introduction
7
R3A
R3B Kong River
R9
R12
R8
R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Road Transport
4 main routes for cross-
border trade:
• R9
• R12
• R3A
• R3B
Water Transport
• Mekong river to
• Jihong port
• Dongguan Port
• Kuan Lan Pa Port
• Se-mao Port
8. 1. Introduction
8
R9
R12
R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Threat s and Difficulties of R9 route:
Source: Krishna S. (2010)
1. The transit traffic
2. Toll fees collection in Lao
3. The mark up at China custom
4. Coordination of hours of
operation
5. Speed limit
6. Single-stop inspection (SSI) is
difficult to achieve
7. Unpredictable trading regulation
of Lao PDR
8. Inefficient advance exchange of
information
9. Illegal ant trading between
Vietnam and China
R8
9. 2. Research questions
9R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Hypothesis:
“R12 route is “New-Different-better”
route relative to R9?”
Distance, time,
rules and traffic
laws
Road Transport
Facility
Road Condition
Transport
and Trade
Facilitation: TTF
Border-crossing
facility
Transit facility
Capacity building
and Technology
used
Soft
infrastructure
Hard
Infrastructure
R12 Transport
and Trade
Facilitation
10. 2. Research questions
10
R9
R12
R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Hypothesis:
“R12 route is “New-Different-better”
route relative to R9?”
Research Questions
1. Are there any road facilitations ?
2. Are there any road conditions to
be aware of?
3. What about the transport and
trade facilitation ?
If yes,
1
2
3
4
11. 3.Methodology and framework
11R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
According to the research questions set earlier, the survey instrument and methodology has
been designed as following:
1: Are there any road
facilitations
Measurement
Road Transport facility
measure
Visual Inspection
Rating (VIR)
Methodology
2: Are there any road
conditions to be aware
of ?
Road Condition
measures
Present Serviceability
Rating (PSR)
3: What about the
transport and trade
facilitation?
transport and trade
facilitation (TTF)
Non-participation
observation (NPO)
Questions
12. 4. Empirical Results
12R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
4.1.1 General road information, rules and traffic laws of R12
From To Route
Cost of
transport
(USD) *
Distance
(Km.)
Time
(Hr.)
Speed
Limit
km./hr.
Max
Gross
Weight
(Tons)*
Over
speed
Fine
[1] Nakhon
Phanom
Nam Phao R12 -1E
40 195 2:50
City: 40
Rural: 80 38
5.89
USD
[2] Nam Phao Vinh AH15-QL1A
1,350-
1,500
291 2:00 City:
40-60
EWEC:
60-80
not
exceed
45
12.93-
1,077
USD
[3] Vinh Thanh Hoa QL1A 140 2:30
[4]Thanh Hoa Ninh Bình QL1A 85 2:30
[5] Ninh Bình HaNoi QL1A-CT01 110 1:35
[6] Hanoi Langson
QL1A-QL37-
AH1
180 3:20
Total distance, time and average speed 1,540 800 15:15 55-60
Source: Author’s survey and Yushufeng (2013)
Note: *cost of transport for 20ft container, 6-axle Articulated Vehicle
From the survey, it was found that the journey of R12 is 290 Km. shorter than R9 and 24 hours
faster. However, there are obstacles to bare in mind such as the traffic laws and prohibition
along the route
13. 4. Empirical Results
13R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
4.1.2 Road Transport facility along R12
No. Road Transport Facility
Efficiency, Potentiality and Readiness score
𝒙 S.D.
Nakhon
Phanom-
Nam Phao Nam Phao- Vinh Vinh-Hanoi
Hanoi-
Lang son
1 Standards of the route 3.00 1.75 3.75 3.75 3.06 0.94
2 Conveniences 2.75 1.25 3.25 3.50 2.69 1.01
3 Highway funding 2.75 1.75 3.50 3.75 2.94 0.90
4 Telecom network 2.00 1.50 3.25 4.00 2.69 1.14
5 Traffic congestion 3.75 2.50 2.50 2.25 2.75 0.68
6 Risks of using the route 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.25 1.81 0.43
7 Traffic signs 2.75 1.75 2.75 3.75 2.75 0.82
8 Rest areas 1.50 1.50 3.00 3.75 2.44 1.13
9 Gas station 2.00 1.75 2.75 3.75 2.56 0.90
10 Car repair shop 2.00 1.50 2.50 3.75 2.44 0.97
11 Restaurant 1.50 1.50 3.00 3.00 2.25 0.87
12 Accommodation/hotels 1.50 2.00 2.25 3.00 2.19 0.63
Average Road Facility Score 2.23 1.71 2.88 3.38 2.55 0.73
Source: Author's Survey
14. 4. Empirical Results
14R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
4.1.2 Road Transport facility along R12
Source: Author's Survey
2.23
1.71
2.88
3.38
2.55
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Nakhon
Phanom-
Nam Phao
Nam Phao-
Vinh
Vinh-Hanoi Hanoi-Lang
son
Average
Efficiency, Potentiality and Readiness score of
R12
Efficiency and Potentiality score:
The result claimed that average
score of road transport facility is
2.55 out of 4, meaning that the
overall is in the “meet the standard”
level or complies with international
standards/GMS framework and
users can conduct commercial
activities with some interruptions
and delay, e.g., the risk of using
route, geographic condition or traffic
condition/ roadside barrier.
15. 4. Empirical Results
15R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
4.1.3 Road Conditions and things to be aware: Geographical condition
Source: Author's Survey
1.5
0.5
0
0.5
2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Rocks Rain/flood Hail Smoke
/Fog
Glare Thunder
Geographical Condition
Nakhon Phanom- Nam Phao Nam Phao- Vinh
Vinh-Hanoi Hanoi-Langson
Average
4 geographic condition drivers need to
take extra careful
1. falling rock (Nam Phao-Vinh, up and
down hill)
2. glare of the sun in the afternoon
during the return driving, especially
from Lang son to Nakhon Phanom
3. smoke could be happened in some
mining industrial areas in Lao PDR.
Dusts and particles as the result of
stone mill or mining could easily be
found and could distract driver’s
attention.
4. Rain and slippery during the downhill
(Nam Phao-Vinh)
16. 4. Empirical Results
16R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
4.1.3 Road Conditions and things t o be aware: Road Roughness Condition
Source: Author's Survey
Route
Road Roughness Condition
Pothole Depression Rutting Bad Patching Raveling Crack 𝑥
Nakhon Phanom-
Nam Phao
D C C B D C C
Nam Phao- Vinh D C D C C C C
Vinh-Hanoi A A A B B A A
Hanoi-Langson A A A A A A A
Average grade C+ B C+ B C+ B B
Road roughness is one condition that drivers need to be careful as it could distract the speed and
time spent. The road roughness by Local Road Maintenance Management System (LMMS) and
International Roughness Index (IRI) consists of 6 conditions namely pothole, road depression,
rutting, bad patching from damages, raveling and cracks. The result was measured as following
19. 4. Empirical Results
19R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
4.1.3 Road Conditions and things to be aware
Source: Author's Survey
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
Pothole Depression Rutting Bad
Patching
Raveling Crack average
Road Roughness Condition (Service Grade)
C+
B
C+
B B B
C+
Road Roughness Condition
Results from Present Serviceability
Rating (PSR) found that the
average condition of R12
considered as the B grade,
which means the overall route is in
a good condition for travelling with
a few roughness and some
damages/patches.
20. 4. Empirical Results
20R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
4.1.3 Road Conditions and things to be aware: Traffic Condition/ Roadside barriers
Source: Author's Survey
Level of awareness
The survey have found 5
conditions regarding to the
traffic condition and
roadside barriers (animal,
plants/bush, pedestrian,
motorcycle and bicycle,
agricultural vehicle and
traffic jam)
1.5
0.75
2.5
2
0.75
1.5 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Animal
Plants/Bush
Pedestrian
Motorcycle
Agri.vehicle
Trafficjam
average
Traffic Condition/ Roadside barriers
(Awareness Score)
The overall level of
awareness Is 1.5 out of 3.0.
Driver should take extra
careful of pedestrians,
motorcycle, bicycle, traffic
jam, crossing animal, plants
and agricultural vehicle
respectively
21. 4. Empirical Results
21R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
4.2 Cross-Border Transport and Trade Facilitation (TTF)
Source: Author's Survey
3.06
2.44
2.88
3.17
3.06
2.38
3.63
2.38
3.38
2.31
3.06
3.19
3.17
2.38
3.19
2.91
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
(TH-LA) (LA-VT) (VT-CN) Overall
Border Crossing Facility: BCF
Transport facility: TPF
Capacity Building: CAP
Transport and Trade Facilitation Index(TTF)
R12 Transport and Trade
Facilitation (TTF)
The results found that at
overall TTF was 2.91 out of
4, which means that the
overall facilitation is the
“meet standard” level.
The facilitation complies
with the GMS and
international standards
where trader can conduct
commercial activities with
some interruptions and
delay.
22. 4. Empirical Results
22
4.2 Cross-Border Transport and Trade Facilitation (TTF)
Source: Author's Survey
3.06 3.06
3.38 3.17
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Border
Crossing
Facility: BCF
Transport
facility: TPF
Capacity
Building:
CAP
Transport
and Trade
Facilitation
Index(TTF)
(TH-LA)
2.44 2.38 2.31 2.38
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Border
Crossing
Facility:
BCF
Transport
facility: TPF
Capacity
Building:
CAP
Transport
and Trade
Facilitation
Index(TTF)
(LA-VT)
2.88
3.63
3.06 3.19
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Border
Crossing
Facility: BCF
Transport
facility: TPF
Capacity
Building:
CAP
Transport
and Trade
Facilitation
Index(TTF)
(VT-CN)
3.17
2.38
3.19
2.91
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Border
Crossing
Facility: BCF
Transport
facility: TPF
Capacity
Building: CAP
Transport
and Trade
Facilitation
Index(TTF)
Overall
23. 5. Conclusion
23R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Conclusion
We found that R12 has potentiality and
readiness relative to R 9 because of 3
reasons as following
1) R12 is a shorter and faster route
2) the facility along R12 is in a
substantial level which implied to
GMS and international standards
and
3) The transport and Trade facilitation
is also implied to international and
GMS standard
R9
R12
24. 5. Conclusion
24R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
Conclusion
New-Different-Better route?
When considering both hard and soft Infrastructure, we can conclude that the R12 is “New and
different” but might not be able to claim that better or not.
However, R12 could be the better route than R9 if “AQSIQ agreement “ between Thailand and
China and GMS CBTA are completely complied more effectively in this route.
Moreover, to pursuit the “sustainable development “ of this route, it is necessary to look into
others dimension beside economics trade and investment. For instance, the positive externality
spill over to society along the R12, the social benefit of the route, society development, citizen
participation, equality and development.
For our further study, it is very interesting to put forward the hypothesis into the “tourism
readiness” a nd facilitation of R12 as we believed in its potentiality to bring the society benefit
spill over and local economic development along the route.
25. Reference
25R12 Transport and Trade Facilitation
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Consul-General at Nanning, China Thailand Business Information Center
Department of Foreign Trade, DFT (2018) , Cross-border trade statistics Ministry of Commerce.
http://www.dft.go.th/bts/trade-statistics
Department of International Trade Promotion (DITP) (2015) R12 connectivity of Thailand to China, Economic
worldwide, Bangkokbiz, Vol 28, No.9846, pp7
Department of Transport, DOT (2018 ) Road Inspection and Assessment Manual Local Road Maintenance
Management System (LMMS), Department of Rural Roads, Thailand
International Institution for Trade and Development, ITD Thailand (2012) Project on economic opportunity and
impact of Nan-Luang Prabang route, Phayathai, Bangkok, pp 19-20
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Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand, pp121-147
Smith T. (2015) Regulatory direction and Import of agricultural and food products of China, Academic Seminar
on Food Safety and Food Security Year 2015 Consulate (Department of Agriculture), Consulate
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Yushu F.(2013) Operations Manual for Cross-Border Road Transport in Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam:
A Practical Guide for Drivers, East West Economic Corridor, First edition. GMS TTF. http:// http://www.gms-cbta.org/online-
resources
Yushu F.(2011) Greater Mekong Subregion Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement, Instruments
and Drafting History. Asian Development Bank, ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines, pp 9-18