Cross platform game development
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This document provides an introduction to developing video games across multiple platforms using Unity3D and C#. It outlines downloading and installing Unity3D, exploring the Unity interface, developing games on PC and Mac, using scenes, game objects, components and scripts in Unity, and deploying games to PC, Mac, mobile, and web platforms. It also discusses additional tools that can be used and provides an overview of building a sample voxel engine game in Unity3D to demonstrate core concepts.
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Cross platform game development
- 1. Cross Platform Game Development WITH UNITY3D AND C#
- 3. What Introduction to developing production quality video games with Unity3D and C# ◦ Explore the Unity3D Interface ◦ Developing on a PC or Mac ◦ Unity and C# ◦ Scenes ◦ GameObjects ◦ Components ◦ Scripts ◦ Deployment ◦ PC/Mac ◦ Mobile
- 4. Why You have been training for this your whole career!
- 5. The Setup Download and Install Unity3D ◦ http://unity3d.com/unity/download (Hopefully I have brought along thumb drives) PC/MAC ◦ A Web Browser iOS ◦ Xcode Android ◦ Android SDK and JDK WP8 ◦ WP8 SDK Most Importantly Have an Idea
- 6. Additional Tools Image Editor ◦ Photoshop, Gimp, Paint.Net Video Editor ◦ Adobe Premiere, Lightworks 3D Editor ◦ 3ds Max, Blender Sound Editor ◦ Adobe Audition, Audacity
- 7. Unity 3D Let us build a Voxel Engine
- 8. Unity3D Tour INTEGRATED EDITOR OVERVIEW
- 9. Adding to the Scene Let us begin doing something! ◦ Examine the Camera ◦ Add a GameObject (Cube) to the Hierarchy ◦ View the Cube within the Scene ◦ View the Cube within the Game ◦ View the Cube within the Inspector ◦ View the Cube’s Gizmos ◦ Manipulate the Cube with the Transform Tools (Pan, Transform, Rotate, Scale)
- 10. Project Browser Highlights • Assets • Preview • Favorites • Search
- 11. Hierarchy • Contains all GameObjects in the current scene. • Shows Parenting • Inherits movement and rotation
- 12. Inspector • GameObjects are made up of multiple Components • Public Properties of the Components can be manipulated • Icons
- 13. Game The Game View is rendered from the Camera(s) in your game.
- 14. Scene The Scene View is your primary interaction surface with Unity
- 15. GameObjects Every object in your game is a GameObject Without Components GameObjects are more of an organizational tool using Parenting GameObjects contain Components All GameObjects contain a Transform Components ◦ Transform Components tell Unity where to put the GameObject in the Scene, more later ◦ Transform are essential for Parenting
- 16. Components Components are the functional pieces of every GameObject. Component Properties can be changed by the Editor or Scripts. Components can be; Added, Copied, Removed, Reordered, Reset, and Required Unity tries to choose the best Editor for the Properties. Hints or Custom Editors can be used with Properties to make the Inspector incredibly useful. !Important: Changes made to the Unity while Running the Game are reverted once the Game is stopped. More on this when start looking at Scripts.
- 17. Component Cont. Goal ◦ Add a GameObject whose Mesh we can tile and manipulate later Setup ◦ Add a New GameObject (Ctrl+Shift+N) ◦ Name it Chunk ◦ Add a Components to Chunk ◦ Mesh Filter ◦ Mesh Render ◦ Mesh Colider ◦ Transform Chunk to 0,0,10
- 18. Adding Behaviors USING VISUAL STUDIO OR MONODEVELOP
- 19. C# Scripts - MonoBehaviors Scripts ◦ All Component Scripts must inherit from MonoBehaviour ◦ Standard CLR classes/structs can be created and used by MonoBehaviours ◦ Public Properties are exposed to the Inspectors ◦ Known Event Methods are called by Unity, without needing to Override ◦ Awake: Called when the script instance is being loaded ◦ Start: Called before the object’s first frame update ◦ Update: Called before a frame update ◦ Many More…
- 20. C# Scripts – PolygonGenerator – Class Goal ◦ Use a Script to hold our mesh geometry Setup ◦ Create a Folder named “Scripts” ◦ Create a Folder in “Scripts” Named “Generators” ◦ Create a Script named “PolygonGenerator” ◦ Drag “PolygonGenerator” onto “Chunk” ◦ Create Structures to hold the new Mesh Geometry ◦ Create a cache to hold the GameObjects Mesh
- 21. C# Scripts – PolygonGenerator – Events Goal ◦ Using our structure using Unity’s Events to draw our mesh Setup ◦ Get the Mesh from the Parent ◦ Determine the position of the Parent ◦ Add Vertices around the current Position ◦ Add Triangles in order ◦ Add our new structures to the GameObjects Mesh
- 22. Look A Polygon Run Unity Ctrl+P
- 23. Assets Goal ◦ Add Art we can use to draw on our Mesh Add a Piece of Art for Materials named “tiles” ◦ This will be our Tile Sheet, it is 128x128 with sixteen 32x32 tiles; simple numbers make for easy math later. ◦ Advanced - Select this when you want to have specific parameters on your texture and you want to have total control over your texture. ◦ Filter Mode - Selects how the Texture is filtered when it gets stretched by 3D transformations: ◦ Point - The Texture becomes blocky up close ◦ Generate Mip Maps - Select this to enable mip-map generation. Mip maps are smaller versions of the texture that get used when the texture is very small on screen. See the Details section at the end of the page. ◦ Drag tiles on to “Chunk”
- 24. Visual Properties Goal ◦ Add a few public properties to change at Runtime Setup ◦ Add UV code to script
- 25. Visual Properties Cont. Goal ◦ Change the Chosen Texture Setup ◦ Run the Game ◦ Use the Inspector to change values of Chosen Texture ◦ From 0,0 ◦ To 0,3
- 26. C# Scripts – PolygonGenerator – Terrain Goal ◦ Extend our simple polygon to a whole terrain of polygon Setup ◦ Create a 2 Dimensional array to hold the block textures ◦ Change our generation to Generate Squares ◦ Count the squares ◦ Randomize the Terrain ◦ Build the Mesh
- 27. C# Scripts – PolygonGenerator – Noise Goal ◦ Use a Unity Function to add some noise to our boring Voxel Setup ◦ We are going to call the Math.PerlinNoise method to generate some pseudo-random patterns.
- 28. Importing Packages – AKA Having a Ball Goal ◦ Add something interactive in the game using the Packages Setup ◦ Asset -> Import -> Standard Assets (Mobile) ◦ Import everything ◦ Project -> Standard Assets (Mobile) -> Prefabs -> Roll A Ball ◦ Reset ◦ Drop Camera in the Roll A Ball ◦ Transform Chunk to -15,-120,0 ◦ Roll A Ball -> Rigidbody -> Constrain Position Z ◦ Prepare to be Dizzy
- 29. A Game with Bounce Goal ◦ Add some interaction and glance at using Inputs in Unity Setup ◦ Disable the Roll A Ball Script ◦ That will keep the Start and Update Events from occuring ◦ Create Script Named “TapToBounce” ◦ Start with Grabbing the Owners RigidBody ◦ During the Update check in MouseButton 0 was lifted ◦ This will translate to the First Touch up in Mobile ◦ When Touch is lifted AddForce to the RigidBody
- 31. Exporting the Web Lets Take our app and ship it out to the Web ◦ Ctrl+Shift+B ◦ Add Current (to add the current scene) ◦ Platform Web Player ◦ Switch Platform (if your current platform isn’t web) ◦ Create Folder “Web” ◦ Build And Run
- 32. Exporting to Mobile Well the web was nice, now lets kick it out to Android ◦ Create a Bundle Identifier ◦ Ctrl+Shift+B ◦ Platform Android ◦ Switch Platform (if your current platform isn’t Android) ◦ Create Folder “Android” ◦ Build And Run
- 33. Where Unity3D Tutorials ◦ http://unity3d.com/learn Asset Store ◦ https://www.assetstore.unity3d.com/ To Go Next?
Editor's Notes
- The Mesh is the detailed geometry of your GameObject The Mesh Filter takes a mesh from your assets and passes it to the Mesh Renderer for rendering on the screen. The Mesh Renderer takes the geometry from the Mesh Filter and renders it at the position defined by the object's Transform component. The Mesh Collider takes a Mesh Asset and builds its Collider based on that mesh. It is far more accurate for collision detection than using primitives for complicated meshes.
- using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class PolygonGenerator : MonoBehaviour { protected List<Vector3> newVertices = new List<Vector3>(); protected List<int> newTriangles = new List<int>(); protected List<Vector2> newUV = new List<Vector2>(); private Mesh mesh; private void Start() { mesh = GetComponent<MeshFilter>().mesh; float x = transform.position.x; float y = transform.position.y; float z = transform.position.z; newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y, z)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y, z)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y - 1, z)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y - 1, z)); newTriangles.Add(0); newTriangles.Add(1); newTriangles.Add(3); newTriangles.Add(1); newTriangles.Add(2); newTriangles.Add(3); mesh.Clear(); mesh.vertices = newVertices.ToArray(); mesh.triangles = newTriangles.ToArray(); mesh.Optimize(); mesh.RecalculateNormals(); } void Update () { } }
- using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class PolygonGenerator : MonoBehaviour { protected List<Vector3> newVertices = new List<Vector3>(); protected List<int> newTriangles = new List<int>(); protected List<Vector2> newUV = new List<Vector2>(); private Mesh mesh; private float textureUnit = 0.25f; public Vector2 chosenTexture; private void Start() { mesh = GetComponent<MeshFilter>().mesh; float x = transform.position.x; float y = transform.position.y; float z = transform.position.z; newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y, z)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y, z)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y - 1, z)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y - 1, z)); newTriangles.Add(0); newTriangles.Add(1); newTriangles.Add(3); newTriangles.Add(1); newTriangles.Add(2); newTriangles.Add(3); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * chosenTexture.x, textureUnit * chosenTexture.y + textureUnit)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * chosenTexture.x + textureUnit, textureUnit * chosenTexture.y + textureUnit)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * chosenTexture.x + textureUnit, textureUnit * chosenTexture.y)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * chosenTexture.x, textureUnit * chosenTexture.y)); mesh.Clear(); mesh.vertices = newVertices.ToArray(); mesh.triangles = newTriangles.ToArray(); mesh.uv = newUV.ToArray(); mesh.Optimize(); mesh.RecalculateNormals(); } void Update () { newUV.Clear(); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * chosenTexture.x, textureUnit * chosenTexture.y + textureUnit)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * chosenTexture.x + textureUnit, textureUnit * chosenTexture.y + textureUnit)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * chosenTexture.x + textureUnit, textureUnit * chosenTexture.y)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * chosenTexture.x, textureUnit * chosenTexture.y)); mesh.Clear(); mesh.vertices = newVertices.ToArray(); mesh.triangles = newTriangles.ToArray(); mesh.uv = newUV.ToArray(); mesh.Optimize(); mesh.RecalculateNormals(); } }
- using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class PolygonGenerator : MonoBehaviour { protected List<Vector3> newVertices = new List<Vector3>(); protected List<int> newTriangles = new List<int>(); protected List<Vector2> newUV = new List<Vector2>(); private Mesh mesh; private float textureUnit = 0.25f; public int squareCount; private Vector2?[,] blocks; private void Start() { mesh = GetComponent<MeshFilter>().mesh; GenerateTerrain(); BuildMesh(); UpdateMesh(); } private void UpdateMesh() { mesh.Clear(); mesh.vertices = newVertices.ToArray(); mesh.triangles = newTriangles.ToArray(); mesh.uv = newUV.ToArray(); mesh.Optimize(); mesh.RecalculateNormals(); squareCount = 0; newVertices.Clear(); newTriangles.Clear(); newUV.Clear(); } private void BuildMesh() { for (int px = 0; px < blocks.GetLength(0); px++) { for (int py = 0; py < blocks.GetLength(1); py++) { GenerateSquare(px, py, blocks[px, py]); } } } private void GenerateSquare(int x, int y, Vector2? tex) { if (tex == null) return; var texture = tex.Value; newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y, 0)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y, 0)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y - 1, 0)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y - 1, 0)); newTriangles.Add(squareCount * 4); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 1); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 3); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 1); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 2); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 3); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * texture.x, textureUnit * texture.y + textureUnit)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * texture.x + textureUnit, textureUnit * texture.y + textureUnit)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * texture.x + textureUnit, textureUnit * texture.y)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * texture.x, textureUnit * texture.y)); squareCount++; } private void GenerateTerrain() { blocks = new Vector2?[20,8]; for (int px = 0; px < blocks.GetLength(0); px++) { for (int py = 0; py < blocks.GetLength(1); py++) { if (py == 5) { blocks[px, py] = new Vector2(1, Random.Range(0,4)); } else if (py < 5) { blocks[px, py] = new Vector2(0, Random.Range(0, 4)); } } } } void Update() { } }
- using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; public class PolygonGenerator : MonoBehaviour { private List<Vector3> newVertices = new List<Vector3>(); private List<int> newTriangles = new List<int>(); private List<Vector2> newUV = new List<Vector2>(); private List<Vector3> colVertices = new List<Vector3>(); private List<int> colTriangles = new List<int>(); private int colCount; private Mesh mesh; private MeshCollider col; private float textureUnit = 0.25f; private Vector2 textureDirt = new Vector2(0, 3); private Vector2 textureGrass = new Vector2(1, 3); public byte[,] blocks; private int squareCount; // Use this for initialization void Start() { mesh = GetComponent<MeshFilter>().mesh; col = GetComponent<MeshCollider>(); GenerateTerrain(); BuildMesh(); UpdateMesh(); } void Update() { } void GenerateTerrain() { blocks = new byte[96, 128]; for (int px = 0; px < blocks.GetLength(0); px++) { int stone = Noise(px, 0, 80, 15, 1); stone += Noise(px, 0, 50, 30, 1); stone += Noise(px, 0, 10, 10, 1); stone += 75; int dirt = Noise(px, 0, 100, 35, 1); dirt += Noise(px, 0, 50, 30, 1); dirt += 75; for (int py = 0; py < blocks.GetLength(1); py++) { if (py < stone) { blocks[px, py] = 1; } else if (py < dirt) { blocks[px, py] = 2; } } } } int Noise(int x, int y, float scale, float mag, float exp) { return (int)(Mathf.Pow((Mathf.PerlinNoise(x / scale, y / scale) * mag), (exp))); } void BuildMesh() { for (int px = 0; px < blocks.GetLength(0); px++) { for (int py = 0; py < blocks.GetLength(1); py++) { if (blocks[px, py] != 0) { GenerateCollider(px, py); if (blocks[px, py] == 1) { GenerateSquare(px, py, textureDirt); } else if (blocks[px, py] == 2) { GenerateSquare(px, py, textureGrass); } } } } } byte Block(int x, int y) { if (x == -1 || x == blocks.GetLength(0) || y == -1 || y == blocks.GetLength(1)) { return (byte)1; } return blocks[x, y]; } void GenerateCollider(int x, int y) { //Top if (Block(x, y + 1) == 0) { colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y, 1)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y, 1)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y, 0)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y, 0)); ColliderTriangles(); colCount++; } //bot if (Block(x, y - 1) == 0) { colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y - 1, 0)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y - 1, 0)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y - 1, 1)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y - 1, 1)); ColliderTriangles(); colCount++; } //left if (Block(x - 1, y) == 0) { colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y - 1, 1)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y, 1)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y, 0)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y - 1, 0)); ColliderTriangles(); colCount++; } //right if (Block(x + 1, y) == 0) { colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y, 1)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y - 1, 1)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y - 1, 0)); colVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y, 0)); ColliderTriangles(); colCount++; } } void ColliderTriangles() { colTriangles.Add(colCount * 4); colTriangles.Add((colCount * 4) + 1); colTriangles.Add((colCount * 4) + 3); colTriangles.Add((colCount * 4) + 1); colTriangles.Add((colCount * 4) + 2); colTriangles.Add((colCount * 4) + 3); } void GenerateSquare(int x, int y, Vector2 texture) { newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y, 0)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y, 0)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x + 1, y - 1, 0)); newVertices.Add(new Vector3(x, y - 1, 0)); newTriangles.Add(squareCount * 4); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 1); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 3); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 1); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 2); newTriangles.Add((squareCount * 4) + 3); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * texture.x, textureUnit * texture.y + textureUnit)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * texture.x + textureUnit, textureUnit * texture.y + textureUnit)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * texture.x + textureUnit, textureUnit * texture.y)); newUV.Add(new Vector2(textureUnit * texture.x, textureUnit * texture.y)); squareCount++; } void UpdateMesh() { mesh.Clear(); mesh.vertices = newVertices.ToArray(); mesh.triangles = newTriangles.ToArray(); mesh.uv = newUV.ToArray(); mesh.Optimize(); mesh.RecalculateNormals(); newVertices.Clear(); newTriangles.Clear(); newUV.Clear(); squareCount = 0; var newMesh = new Mesh { vertices = colVertices.ToArray(), triangles = colTriangles.ToArray() }; col.sharedMesh = newMesh; colVertices.Clear(); colTriangles.Clear(); colCount = 0; } }
- private void BuildMesh() { for (int px = 0; px < blocks.GetLength(0); px++) { for (int py = 0; py < blocks.GetLength(1); py++) { GenerateSquare(px, py, blocks[px, py]); } } } private void GenerateTerrain() { blocks = new Vector2?[20,8]; for (int px = 0; px < blocks.GetLength(0); px++) { for (int py = 0; py < blocks.GetLength(1); py++) { if (py == 5) { blocks[px, py] = new Vector2(1, Random.Range(0,4)); } else if (py < 5) { blocks[px, py] = new Vector2(0, Random.Range(0, 4)); } } } }
- using System; using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class TapToBounce : MonoBehaviour { private Rigidbody ballRigidBody; void Start () { ballRigidBody = rigidbody; } void Update () { if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0) && Input.GetMouseButtonUp(1)) { Jump(); return; } //Left Mouse or First Touch if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0)) { Push(-1); } //Right Mouse or Second Touch if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp(1)) { Push(1); } } private void Push(int direction) { ballRigidBody.AddForce(5 * direction, 0, 0, ForceMode.Force); } private void Jump() { ballRigidBody.AddForce(0, 5, 0, ForceMode.VelocityChange); } }
- Great for testing, but always verify on the device!