This document discusses strategies for managing forests and crop trees in the face of uncertainty. It recommends continuing to invest in forests, maintaining flexibility, reducing risk, and practicing good silviculture through techniques like using appropriate genetics for the site, managing density, and ameliorating soil limitations. The document then provides examples of how intensive silviculture practices like fertilization, irrigation, and genetic improvement can significantly increase forest productivity and value.
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Asia-Pacific Regional Economic Outlook: Navigating an Uncertain Global Enviro...ggrey
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Robert Vos, Director, Development Policy and Analysis Division, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs, United Nations
Mr. Vos is responsible for two of the UN’s flagship reports, the World Economic and Social
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of the United Nations’ Committee for development policy. During his presentation, Mr. Vos
will introduce current analysis of the short- and long-term economic outlook.
The global economy is recovering, but confidence is extremely uneven across different regions, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Outlook. European governments must take greater action to ensure that the crisis in the euro area does not derail the recovery.
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Winter is coming to an end and the peak season for outdoor water use is on the horizon. Are you prepared?
Join Steve McKinnon, Water Compliance Coordinator at the Region of Halton, where you will learn:
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World Economic Situation And Prospects 2009 2010icgfmconference
Robert Vos, Director, Development Policy and Analysis Division, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs, United Nations
Mr. Vos is responsible for two of the UN’s flagship reports, the World Economic and Social
Survey and the World Economic Situation and Prospects. He also serves on the Secretariat
of the United Nations’ Committee for development policy. During his presentation, Mr. Vos
will introduce current analysis of the short- and long-term economic outlook.
The global economy is recovering, but confidence is extremely uneven across different regions, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Outlook. European governments must take greater action to ensure that the crisis in the euro area does not derail the recovery.
The School of Business and Economics at Lynchburg College, in conjunction with the Lynchburg Regional Chamber of Commerce, hosted the spring Economic Outlook Conference on February 1, 2012. Roy Webb, Senior Economist and Research Advisor with the Richmond Federal Reserve Bank, spoke to an audience of approximately 100 people about national economic conditions.
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Join Steve McKinnon, Water Compliance Coordinator at the Region of Halton, where you will learn:
• The importance of having an outdoor water use management program
• Best practices to ensure the implementation of an effective outdoor water use management program
• Progressive tactics to manage peak summer water demand
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We’d like to share with you the announcement related to our Q3 2011 earnings. We’ll also be live sharing the earnings call both from LinkedIn’s Company Page and our @linkedin account, starting 2PM Pacific Time later today.
Please see Disclaimer and Safe Harbor statement in the blog post.
http://stocktwits.com/LinkedIn/message/5682633
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The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
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The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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Topics covered:
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
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1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
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1. Crop Tree Strategies
H. Lee Allen
ProFOR Consulting
Cary, NC
Progressive Forestry for Production Forests
2. Uncertainty - 70% Drop in Housing Starts
From US Census Bureau - www.census.gov/briefrm/esbr/www/esbr020.html
3. Uncertainty - 40% Drop in Sawtimber Prices
From Timber Mart-South - www.timbermart-south.com/prices.html
4. What are appropriate strategies for
managing forests and especially crop
trees in the face of uncertainty?
5. First Principles
• Continue to invest
• Maintain flexibility
• Reduce risk
• Practice good silviculture
– Use appropriate genetic material
(species, families, varieties) for site/management
conditions
– Manage density – crop and competing vegetation
– Ameliorate soil physical and nutritional limitations
6. Southern Pine
Silviculture
A Success Story
4X yield
in
>1/2 the time
1 to 10 tons/acre/year
1/3 to 3 cords/acre /year
Fox, Jokela, Allen 2004
16. Factors Affecting Leaf Area
and Growth Efficiency
• Genetics
• Stand Density
• Resource Availability
17. Age 14 UGA PMRC
Volume Increases Reaches Inflection at 400tpa
Pienaar, L. V., B. D. Shiver and W. M. Harrison. 1997. Growth potential of loblolly pine plantations in the Georgia Piedmont: A spacing
study example. PMRC Technical Report 1997-1. 15pp.
18. Factors Affecting Leaf Area
and Growth Efficiency
• Genetics
• Stand Density
• Resource Availability
– Water
– Nutrients
– Temperature
19. Southeast Tree Research and Education Site
SETRES1
U.S. Forest Service
North Carolina State University
Duke University
Virginia Tech
22. SETRES: Peak leaf area index
4.0
Control
Peak leaf area index
3.5 Irri
Fert
3.0
Fert+Irri
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Data from Albaugh et al 1998, 2004 Year
25. SETRES: 1992-2000 Volume growth - leaf area
450
400
Volume growth (ft 3/ac/yr)
Control Vol gro = 94 x LAI
350 Irrigated
300 Fertilized
Fert+Irri
250
200
150
Vol gro = 65 x LAI
100
50
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Peak leaf area index
26. Factors Influencing Leaf Area and Growth
800
Loblolly Pine – Southeast USA
Annual Volume Growth ft3/ac/yr
700
600
500
400 Temperature
Genetics
300
Water
200
Nutrients
100 Density
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Leaf Area Index
27. Potential Current Annual Increment
LAI =4.0
Legend
CAI (ft^3/acre/yr)
0 - 350
350 - 400
400 - 450
450 - 500
500 - 550
> 550
Flores and Allen unpublished
28. Minimize per acre establishment and
tending costs
Minimize per unit production costs and
maximize value with an integrated
system
29. Suitability of coastal plain soils for
intensive silviculture
Subsoil Horizon – Texture of Argillic and Presence of Spodic
Drainage Class Argillic Argillic Argillic Weak to no Spodic with Spodic
C, SiC SC, CL, SCL, SiCL L, SL argillic, LS, S Argillic Only
Very Poorly
Organic
Very Poorly
Poorly
Somewhat
Poorly
Moderately Well
Well
Excessively Well
Green – strong candidates , Yellow – possible candidates, Red – not appropriate (too wet), Purple – strong caution
(severe nutrient limitations and seasonal water deficits).
30. Many acres are suitable for intensive
silviculture… but not all
Green = strong candidates, Yellow = possible candidates, Red = not appropriate for
intensive management (soils too wet)
31. Suitability of coastal plain soils for
intensive silviculture
Subsoil Horizon – Texture of Argillic and Presence of Spodic
Drainage Class Argillic Argillic Argillic Weak to no Spodic with Spodic
C, SiC SC, CL, SCL, SiCL L, SL argillic, LS, S Argillic Only
Very Poorly
Organic None None None None None None
Very Poorly
<40/75 <40/80 <40/80 <40/80 <40/75 <40/70
Poorly
45/75 45/80 45/80 45/80 45/75 40/70
Somewhat
Poorly 45/75 50/85 50/85 50/80 50/80 45/75
Moderately Well
50/80 55/85 55/85 55/80 55/80 50/75
Well
55/75 55/85 55/80 55/75 55/75 50/70
Excessively Well
50/70 50/75 50/75 45/75 45/75 45/70
Green – strong candidates , Yellow – possible candidates, Red – not appropriate (too wet), Purple – strong caution
(severe nutrient limitations and seasonal water deficits). Base and target estimates of site index (25 year).
32. Deployment
Is there G X E?
Do certain species/families/clones
perform better on different sites?
33. UPLAND P DEFICIENT SITE - 25 YEARS
80
Loblolly Slash Longleaf
70
feet
60
AVERAGE HEIGHT
50
40
30
20
10
0
Control Cult+100N22P42K Cult+400N86P166K
Clark and Saucier (1991)
34. Deployment
Is there G X E?
Do certain species perform better on
different sites?
YES!
35. LOBLOLLY PINE FAMILY PERFORMANCE ACROSS SITES
8-YEAR GROWTH
ft 3/acre 1600
1400
07056
1200
Family Mean Volume
1000
08059
800
600
01064
400
200
0
Poor Average Good
McKeand et al. 1996
36. Deployment
Is there G X E?
Do certain families perform better on
different sites?
For all practical purposes - NO!
37. Potential for Using Varieties
– Outstanding growth
– Stack multiple traits in addition to growth
• Extremely low rust incidence
• Small branch size, narrow crowns
• High percentage of sawtimber quality trees
– Greater uniformity in non growth traits
– Potential for greater stand uniformity in tree size
38. Increase in the percentage of trees
with sawtimber potential
39. Using Varieties
• Opportunities within existing silvicultural systems
– Reduce planting density
• No need to plant extra trees to offset losses due to
mortality, poor stem quality, and suppression
• No need to plant extra trees to maintain stem quality
• Better diameter growth
– More thinning options
• Greater percentage of sawtimber quality crop trees
• Greater flexibility in terms of timing and intensity
– Synergy with other silvicultural investments
• More sawtimber quality trees = greater profitability
40. Using Varieties
• Opportunities to develop new silvicultural systems
– Planting take rows with lower quality genetic
material
• Reduced planting costs with a varietal component at
conventional planting densities
• Additional volume at first thinning
• Some lost flexibility - Must thin early so as not to
reduce growth potential of varietal crop trees
41. Using Varieties
• Opportunities to develop new silvicultural systems
– Plant fewer trees per acre
• Lower seedling and planting costs
– Wider row spacing becomes an option
• Lower per acre costs for row related
treatments (bedding, machine planting,
banded weed control, banded fertilization)
• Possibly eliminate the need to remove entire
rows and their crop trees during thinning
– No thin sawtimber regime a possibility – optimum
planting density
42. No Thin Sawtimber Regime - LOBDSS
Sawtimber = 13” or greater dbh to 8” top, $35/ton, Everything else = $7/ton,
discounted present value of all costs (except seedlings) = $450/acre, seedlings $.35 each
43. Silviculture for Loblolly Pine in Arkansas
Prescription Guidelines
• Planting Considerations
– Select best family or variety
– Morphologically improved seeding
– Density and spacing based on product goals
• Ameliorate Soil Physical Limitations
– Bed wet soils
– Rip shallow mountain soils
• Manage Non-Crop Tree Vegetation
– Prior to planting - hardwood and woody shrubs
– Grass and weed control for at least the first year
– Thin - timing and intensity based on product goals
– Understory vegetation in conjunction with thinning and/or fertilization
• Ameliorate Nutrient Limitations
– 18N+20P lbs/acre banded (36N+40P broadcast) DAP at age 0 - 1 if P deficient
– 150N lbs/acre (Urea) broadcast at age 6 to 8 years
– 200N+25P lbs/acre broadcast every 6 years starting at first thinning
10/11