Crop protection crop protection management in brazil macadamia production - leonardo moriya

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Leonardo Moriya presented on crop protection management in Brazil macadamia production at the 6th International Macadamia Symposium. He discussed case studies of the Vaversa and Firma farms that showed improved productivity after implementing better crop protection strategies. These included establishing nutrition and pest monitoring programs, staff training, pruning, and applying micronutrients and amino acids. Common pests in Brazil like aphids, thrips, plant hoppers, mites, stink bugs, and borers were identified along with their damage and control methods. Both farms saw increases in tonnage and productivity per hectare after implementing these integrated pest management practices.

Technology

6 th International Macadamia Symposium

Crop protection Management in Brazil Macadamia Production

LEONARDO MORIYA
Agronomist
Queen Nut Macadamia

TOPICS OF PRESENTATION

• ON FIELD RESULTS
• The “Vaversa farm case”
• The “Firma farm case”
• Insects that occur in Brazil

Key points for a good crop

Favorable
climate
conditions

Trees Crop
nutrition protection

“VAVERSA CASE”

• 500 hectares
• 120.000 trees
• Average age of 25 years old
• Trees spacing of 8 x 5 m
• Staff of 90 people – 70 for harvesting
• Since 2008 they had a drastic drop on crop

VAVERSA CROPS VAVERSA Productivity

1400 2,5
1200
2,0
1000

Ton/ha
800 1,5
Tons

600 1,0
400
0,5
200
0 0,0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Years Years NIS 10% Moisture

“FIRMA FARM CASE”
• 10.000 trees
• Spacing of 8 x 5
• 15 years old orchard
• Reasonable trees nutrition program
• Trees with not bad structure of vegetation and condition
• That lead to a good crop on the next years
• First action was to correct all the operations related to crop
protection

FIRMA FARM CROPS FIRMA FARM Productivity TON/ha

200 5,0
180 4,5
160 4,0
140 3,5
3,0

Ton/ha
120
Tons

100 2,5
80 2,0

60
1,5
1,0
40
0,5
20
0,0
0
2009 2010 2011 2012
2009 2010 2011 2012

Years Years NIS 10% Moisture

QUEEN NUT CROPS QUEEN NUT Productivity

900 4,0
800 3,5
700 3,0
600
2,5

Tons/ha
500
Tons

2,0
400
1,5
300
200 1,0
100 0,5
0 0,0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

NIS 10% Moisture
Years Years

GENERAL EVALUATION
“VAVERSA CASE”

• Bad nutrition program
• Wrong products sprayed for the wrong problems
• They didn’t know what the insects pests
• The sprayers was wrong regulated, also with
wrong nozzles

STRATEGIES SET UP
• Established a new nutrition program
- Based on leaf and soil analyses
• Established a insects pest monitoring and control
- Staff training
• Started a pruning program
• Set up a list of on field control papers

FOR PEST CONTROL AND LEAF NUTRITION

• Volume sprayed of 1.500 to 2.000 liters per hectare
• Application around 6 times from flower to shell hardening
• Application of micronutrients on raceme setting and nut set
- Zinc, Boron, Calcium, Magnesium and Copper
• Application of aminoacids plus micronutrients

AMINOACIDS
• Alanine
Act directly on flower formation
• Arginine
• Leucine
and pollen fertilization
• Isoleucine
• Threonine
• Proline
• Lysine
• Tryptophan

INSECTS
• What’s the damage and what’s the insects?
• Which moment they attack?
• How to control?
• Do they promote loss of productivity?
• Do they promote loss of quality?

WHITE BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)

STINK BUGS (Nezara viridula, Loxa sp. and others)

6 th International Macadamia Symposium

LEONARDO MORIYA
Agronomist
leonardo@queennutmacadamia.com.br

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1. 6 th International Macadamia Symposium Crop protection Management in Brazil Macadamia Production LEONARDO MORIYA Agronomist Queen Nut Macadamia

2. TOPICS OF PRESENTATION • ON FIELD RESULTS • The “Vaversa farm case” • The “Firma farm case” • Insects that occur in Brazil

3. Key points for a good crop Favorable climate conditions Trees Crop nutrition protection

4. “VAVERSA CASE” • 500 hectares • 120.000 trees • Average age of 25 years old • Trees spacing of 8 x 5 m • Staff of 90 people – 70 for harvesting • Since 2008 they had a drastic drop on crop

5. VAVERSA CROPS VAVERSA Productivity 1400 2,5 1200 2,0 1000 Ton/ha 800 1,5 Tons 600 1,0 400 0,5 200 0 0,0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Years Years NIS 10% Moisture

6. “FIRMA FARM CASE” • 10.000 trees • Spacing of 8 x 5 • 15 years old orchard • Reasonable trees nutrition program • Trees with not bad structure of vegetation and condition • That lead to a good crop on the next years • First action was to correct all the operations related to crop protection

7. FIRMA FARM CROPS FIRMA FARM Productivity TON/ha 200 5,0 180 4,5 160 4,0 140 3,5 3,0 Ton/ha 120 Tons 100 2,5 80 2,0 60 1,5 1,0 40 0,5 20 0,0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 Years Years NIS 10% Moisture

8. QUEEN NUT CROPS QUEEN NUT Productivity 900 4,0 800 3,5 700 3,0 600 2,5 Tons/ha 500 Tons 2,0 400 1,5 300 200 1,0 100 0,5 0 0,0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 NIS 10% Moisture Years Years

10. GENERAL EVALUATION “VAVERSA CASE” • Bad nutrition program • Wrong products sprayed for the wrong problems • They didn’t know what the insects pests • The sprayers was wrong regulated, also with wrong nozzles

11.

12. STRATEGIES SET UP • Established a new nutrition program - Based on leaf and soil analyses • Established a insects pest monitoring and control - Staff training • Started a pruning program • Set up a list of on field control papers

13. FOR PEST CONTROL AND LEAF NUTRITION • Volume sprayed of 1.500 to 2.000 liters per hectare • Application around 6 times from flower to shell hardening • Application of micronutrients on raceme setting and nut set - Zinc, Boron, Calcium, Magnesium and Copper • Application of aminoacids plus micronutrients

14. AMINOACIDS • Alanine Act directly on flower formation • Arginine • Leucine and pollen fertilization • Isoleucine • Threonine • Proline • Lysine • Tryptophan

15. INSECTS • What’s the damage and what’s the insects? • Which moment they attack? • How to control? • Do they promote loss of productivity? • Do they promote loss of quality?

16. BLACK APHID (Toxoptera citricida)

17.

18. THRIPS

19. GREEN PLANTHOOPER (Empoasca sp.)

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21.

22.

23. WHITE BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)

24.

25.

26. STINK BUGS (Nezara viridula, Loxa sp. and others)

27.