Critical Thinking in Education

1. CRITICAL THINKING IN EDUCATION
BY
NASEEM KHOSO
ABDUL RAZAQUE SANGRASI
B.ED. (1.5 YEAR)
UNIVERSITY OF SUFISM AND
MODERN SCIENCES

2. CRITICAL THINKING IN EDUCATION
 Definition of Critical Thinking
 Critical Thinking Standards
 The Benefits of Critical Thinking
 References

3. DEFINITION
 Disciplined thinking that is clear, rational, open-
minded, and informed by evidence: The questions
are intended to develop your critical thinking.
 The process of thinking carefully about a subject or
idea, without allowing feelings or opinions to affect
you.

4. CRITICAL THINKING STANDARDS
 Clarity
 Precious
 Accuracy
 Relevance
 Consistency

5. CRITICAL THINKING STANDARDS
(continue….)
 Logical
 Correctness
 Completeness
 fairness

6. CLARITY
 Is an important standard of critical thought. Clarity of
communication is one aspect of this. We must be clear
in how we communicate our thoughts, beliefs, and
reasons for those beliefs. Careful attention to language
is essential here. For example, when we talk
about morality, one person may have in mind the
conventional morality of a particular community, while
another may be thinking of certain transcultural
standards of morality.

7. CLARITY (continue…..)
 It defining our terms can greatly aid us in the quest
for clarity. Clarity of thought is important as well; this
means that we clearly understand what we believe,
and why we believe it.

8. PRECISION
 Involves working hard at getting the issue under
consideration before our minds in a particular way.
One way to do this is to ask the following questions:
What is the problem at issue? What are the possible
answers? What are the strengths and weaknesses
of each answer.

9. ACCURACY
 Is unquestionably essential to critical thinking. In
order to get at or closer to the truth, critical thinkers
seek accurate and adequate information. They want
the facts, because they need the right information
before they can move forward and analyze it.

10. RELEVANCE
 Means that the information and ideas discussed
must be logically relevant to the issue being
discussed. Many pundits and politicians are great at
distracting us away from this.

11. CONSISTENCY
 Is a key aspect of critical thinking. Our beliefs
should be consistent. We shouldn’t hold beliefs that
are contradictory. If we find that we do hold
contradictory beliefs, then one or both of those
beliefs are false. For example, I would likely
contradict myself if I believed both that "Racism is
always immoral" and "Morality is entirely relative".
This is logical inconsistency.

12. CONSISTENCY (continue…..)
 There is another form of inconsistency, called
practical inconsistency, which involves saying you
believe one thing, but doing another. For example, if
I say that I believe my family is more important than
my work, but I tend to sacrifice their interests for the
sake of my work, then I am being practically
inconsistent.

13. LOGICAL CORRECTNESS
 Means that one is engaging in correct reasoning
from what we believe in a given instance to the
conclusions that follow from those beliefs.

14. COMPLETENESS
 Means that we engage in deep and thorough
thinking and evaluation, avoiding shallow and
superficial thought & criticism. Fairness involves
seeking to be open-minded, impartial, and free of
biases and preconceptions that distort our thinking.

15. BENEFITS OF CRITICAL THINKING
 An Unambiguous Mind
 Ability to Doubt Their Decision
 Time Saving
 Effective Decision Making
 Differentiates between Rationality and Emotion.

16. AN UNAMBIGUOUS MIND
 Whenever there has been a situation of panic or
mass hysteria, rational critical thinkers have been
raised their voices of reason. Only these rational
reasons and decision were able to solve all the
mess. According to the famous saying by Franklin
D. Roosevelt the only reason behind fear is fear
itself.

17. ANUNAMBIGUOUS MIND
(continue….)
 Those who are involved in the process of critical
thinking have the comprehensive skills and abilities
to consider all probable options and choose the one
which is most feasible and apt for a particular
situation.

18. ABILITY TO DOUBT THEIR DECISION
 People involved in critical thinking are usually calm and
know exactly when they are right or wrong. Therefore there
are fewer chances of them falling into the trap of scams or
tricks. This is due to the fact that they approach everything
with a sufficient amount of skepticism and doubt. People
who lack these skills assume that everything they decide or
hear is true, regardless of the surrounding factors and
source.

19. TIME SAVING
 Critical thinkers think about all possible alternatives
before they act or make decision regarding a
problem. When time is a limiting and important
factor, these people consider the quickest method
of reaching their target and achieving a goal.
Sometimes, they might find out a shortcut, if time
demands so.

20. EFFECTIVE DECISION MAKING
 Critical thinking is important when the time comes for
making decisions in highly paying jobs and career moves
of professional. Critical thinking skills are required for
generating successful ideas and making critical
decisions. Applicants in job interviews are often asked
questions that help the interviewers test their critical
thinking abilities. Critical thinking also helps an employee
when he or she seeks a promotion.

21. DIFFERENCIATES B/W RATIONALITY
AND EMOTION
 Critical thinkers are self-aware and capable of
identifying the difference between thought based
rationality and that based on emotional response
and personal bias. Understanding one’s own
perspective will help one consider the viewpoint of
others. This will help in making a decision based
actuality, rather than feelings.

22. REFERENCES
 https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages.definition
-critical-thinking/766
 https://www.thebalancecareers.com/critical-
thingking-definition-with-examples-2063745
 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/critical-
thinking/