“We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run.” Roy Amara. Therefore we may predict or at least get an idea on what will happen next by closely following the technology development and by having a active role in it. The design and development of digital tools for learning or tools in general that are adapted to teaching and learning is not unproblematic. The three mega trends in technology; (1) Internet-based networks, (2) growing computing capacity and (3) automatization and robotics are providing new pedagogical and societal opportunities but also new challenges. The most interesting research themes related to the digital learning tools are the future of formal and informal learning, virtual social environments and analytics and adaptation. Working with the themes as a design researcher and designer one should be highly aware of the possible ethical issues related to these. To analyze the impact, positive and negative, we can use so called McLuhan’s Laws of Media, four questions we present to new media / tools. The slides are from the teaching demonstration 20.9.2016. A lecture and exercise designed for the DOM-E5024 Introduction to Media Art and Culture course.

1. Teemu Leinonen
www.teemuleinonen.fi
Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future

2. DOM-E5024
Introduction to Media Art and Culture
28.02.2017-17.03.2017

3. Ilya Yfimovich Repin (1844-1930): Portrait of Leo Tolstoy in His Study, Moscow, The State Literature Museum

4. Teemu Leinonen
www.teemuleinonen.fi
Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future

5. Four things
1. Future
2. Digital tools in learning
3. Critical aspects
4. Exercise: media / tool analyze

6. Four objectives of the class
1. Understand how technology affects our
life and how we have an affect to
technology.
2. Know the major trends in the design of
digital learning tools.
3. Understand what kind of critical and
ethical issues are related to the design of
digital tools.
4. Learn to do a quick media / tool analyze.

7. Pre-reading materials
Two pages from the book:
Leinonen, T. (2010) Designing Learning Tools. Methodological Insight.
Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
Two pages from the article:
Durall, E. & Leinonen, T. (2015). Why Do We Want Data for Learning?
Learning Analytics and the Laws of Media. in The Future of Ubiquitous
Learning. Edit by Gros, Kinshuk & Maina. Springer International Publishing.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-47724-3_4

8. Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future

9. Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future
1/4

10. Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future
?

11. “We tend to overestimate the
effect of a technology in the
short run and underestimate
the effect in the long run.”

12. “We tend to overestimate the
effect of a technology in the
short run and underestimate
the effect in the long run.”
Roy Amara (Amaras Law)
The Institute for the Future / Stanford Research Institute

13. Effect
Time
What
we think
that will
happen

14. Effect
Time
What
we think
that will
happen
What really
happens

15. Effect
Time
short run:
overestimate
long run:
underestimate
What really
happens
What
we think
that will
happen

16. Effect
Internet-based networks
growing computing capacity
robotics
What really
happens
What
we think
that will
happen

17. What
we think
that will
happen
Effect
The Web
Tim Berners-Lee:
World Wide Web
Wikipedia
Facebook
Google
YouTube
Twitter
What really
happens
1991 2006

18. Effect
1991 20061998
Future Learning Environment
Tim Berners-Lee:
World Wide Web
Wikipedia
Facebook
Google
YouTube
Twitter

19. Future Learning Environment / Fle3

20. Future Learning Environment / Fle3

22. Future Learning Environment / Fle3

23. Future Learning Environment / Fle3

24. Pokémon GO
Effect
Mobile
augmented reality
Pokémon GO
What really
happens
What
we think
that will
happen
1980
Steve Mann:
Wearable
computer
system
2016

25. Effect
Pokémon GO
1980 2016
Steve Mann:
Wearable
computer
system
Pokémon GO
What really
happens
What
we think
that will
happen
2006
Shedlight: Augmented reality
with virtual annotation

30. Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future

31. Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future
2/4

32. ?
Internet-based networks
growing computing capacity
automatization and robotics

33. ?
Internet-based networks
growing computing capacity
automatization and robotics

34. Formaland
informallearning
Virtualsocial
environments
Analyticsand
adaptation
?

35. Formal and informal
learning
Virtual social environments
Analytics and adaptation
?

36. Formal and informal learning
Põldoja, H., Duval, E., Leinonen, T. (2016) Design and evaluation
of an online tool for open learning with blogs. Australasian
Journal of Educational Technology 32 (2).
Virtual social environments
Pejoska, J., Bauters, M., Purma, J., Leinonen T. (2016) Social
augmented reality: Enhancing context‐dependent communication
and informal learning at work. British Journal of Educational
Technology 47 (3), 474-483.
Analytics and adaptation
Durall, E. & Leinonen, T. (2015). Why Do We Want Data for
Learning? Learning Analytics and the Laws of Media. The Future
of Ubiquitous Learning. Part of the series Lecture Notes in
Educational. Springer International Publishing.

37. Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future

38. Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future
3/4

39. ?
Internet-based networks
growing computing capacity
automatization and robotics

40. . . . linking people
(and machines) . . .
. . . people (and machines)
sharing, trading and
collaborating.
(Michael Wesch 2007)

41. We’ll need to rethink few things
copyright,
authorship,
identity,
ethics,
aesthetics,
rhetorics,
governance,
privacy,
commerce,
love,
family,
ourselves.
(Michael Wesch 2007)

42. Random Darknet Shopper
!Mediengruppe Bitnik
Carmen Weisskopf & Domagoj Smoljom 2014

43. (Random Darknet Shopper !Mediengruppe Bitnik
Carmen Weisskopf & Domagoj Smoljom 2014)

44. (Random Darknet Shopper !Mediengruppe Bitnik
Carmen Weisskopf & Domagoj Smoljom 2014)

45. We’ll need to rethink a few things
copyright,
authorship,
identity,
ethics,
aesthetics,
rhetorics,
governance,
privacy,
commerce,
love,
family,
Ourselves.
(Michael Wesch 2007)

46. ?
Internet-based networks
growing computing capacity
automatization and robotics

47. Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future

48. Exercise: media / tool analyze
Critical aspects of digital tools
in learning processes
during the near future
4/4

49. location-based dating service (Tinder)
augmented reality (Pokémon GO)
peer-to-peer transportation (Uber)

50. What does it enhance or
intensify?
What does it render obsolete
or displace?
What does it retrieve that
was previously obsolete?
What does it produce or
become when taken to its
limit?
McLuhan’s Laws of Media.

51. 1. Enhance or intensify 2. Render obsolete or displace
3. Retrieve 4. Taken to its limit

52. location-based dating service (Tinder)
augmented reality (Pokémon GO)
peer-to-peer transportation (Uber)

53. Conclusion: Four things
1. Future
2. Digital tools in learning
3. Critical aspects
4. Exercise: media / tool analyze

54. ?

55. Thank you.
Kiitos.
!