Crimson Publishers-A Generic Transformation of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies: Towards Multi-Functional and Intelligent Multi-Materials Systems
This document discusses the transformation of advanced materials from traditional classifications into more integrated multi-materials systems with multi-functional characteristics. It notes that advanced materials have become a key enabling technology supporting fields like energy, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and electronics. The document outlines how advanced materials are shifting from individual component design to integrated systems that combine various materials and functions. It proposes that new advanced materials will have attributes like multi-disciplinarity, multi-functionality, intelligence, and integration into smaller nano-scale systems to meet 21st century challenges.
The Complex Futures of Emerging Technologies: Challenges and Opportunities fo...Lic. Riccardo Méndez M.
This paper outlines trends in the development of high-profile new technologies such as nano- and bio-technology, identifying roles foresight and governance practices must play to enable their usage in addressing ‘wicked’ problems (e.g. climate change). We explain the notion of emerging technologies, and their expected convergences, and consider both their potential and issues faced in the Australian context. Recent trends and emerging issues – such as slower, more problematic development and adoption than expected, and increasingly global competition to establish ‘future industries’ – are reviewed to identify a set of imperatives. These imperatives highlight emerging opportunities and challenges, focussing on how examining alternative futures and perspectives may help enable effective responses to emerging technologies.
Opportunities And Risks Of NanotechnologiesOpen Knowledge
Both private and public-sector spending for nanotechnologies are constantly increasing. This study reviews the likely economic impact, investment possibilities, and potential risks of nanotechnologies.
- The document discusses the UK Foresight Programme's treatment of nanotechnology across its three cycles from 1994 to the present.
- In early cycles nanotechnology was mentioned sparingly but areas like small-scale engineering and materials were discussed. By the second cycle it had its own task forces and analysis.
- A 2001 workshop developed success scenarios for six nanotech application areas and recommendations, but impact was muted as the strategy was not fully implemented.
- Currently nanotechnology is addressed pervasively in foresight rather than as a single project, through priority-setting, roadmapping and engagement with the EU.
What does innovation today tell us about tomorrow?Jeffrey Funk
1) The document discusses two processes of technological innovation - the science-based process and the Silicon Valley process.
2) Analysis of successful startups found that few cited scientific papers in their patents, indicating few innovations arose from the science-based process.
3) Predicted breakthrough technologies from MIT's Technology Review also showed that most science-based predictions led to small market sizes, while technologies not predicted became very large markets.
This document discusses nanotechnology and its growth potential. It notes that nanotechnology is projected to become a trillion dollar global industry by 2015, employing over 2 million workers. Currently, there are only about 20,000 trained nanotechnologists worldwide. The document outlines different types of nanomaterials and generations of nanotechnology development. It also lists many universities, research centers, and companies in New York that are involved in nanotechnology research and commercialization.
This document proposes a methodology to detect knowledge transfer from science to technology using network analysis and bibliometrics. As a case study, it analyzes the fields of academic papers and patented technologies in solar cells. It clusters papers and patents by citation networks and identifies characteristic keywords in each cluster. It then calculates semantic similarities between clusters to create a meta-network and detects the maximum flow route, identifying a boundary cluster related to "dye sensitized" research that transferred from academic papers to patented technologies.
The document discusses smart materials and their advantages over traditional materials. It begins by defining smart materials as materials that can sense environmental changes and respond in predetermined ways, similar to living organisms. Smart materials contain sensors to detect input signals and actuators to produce adaptive responses to changes like temperature, electric or magnetic fields. The document then compares traditional and smart systems, noting that smart systems can accommodate unpredictable environments, meet performance requirements more efficiently, and have applications in many fields. It provides tables contrasting properties of traditional technologies with new smart materials technologies.
The Complex Futures of Emerging Technologies: Challenges and Opportunities fo...Lic. Riccardo Méndez M.
This paper outlines trends in the development of high-profile new technologies such as nano- and bio-technology, identifying roles foresight and governance practices must play to enable their usage in addressing ‘wicked’ problems (e.g. climate change). We explain the notion of emerging technologies, and their expected convergences, and consider both their potential and issues faced in the Australian context. Recent trends and emerging issues – such as slower, more problematic development and adoption than expected, and increasingly global competition to establish ‘future industries’ – are reviewed to identify a set of imperatives. These imperatives highlight emerging opportunities and challenges, focussing on how examining alternative futures and perspectives may help enable effective responses to emerging technologies.
Opportunities And Risks Of NanotechnologiesOpen Knowledge
Both private and public-sector spending for nanotechnologies are constantly increasing. This study reviews the likely economic impact, investment possibilities, and potential risks of nanotechnologies.
- The document discusses the UK Foresight Programme's treatment of nanotechnology across its three cycles from 1994 to the present.
- In early cycles nanotechnology was mentioned sparingly but areas like small-scale engineering and materials were discussed. By the second cycle it had its own task forces and analysis.
- A 2001 workshop developed success scenarios for six nanotech application areas and recommendations, but impact was muted as the strategy was not fully implemented.
- Currently nanotechnology is addressed pervasively in foresight rather than as a single project, through priority-setting, roadmapping and engagement with the EU.
What does innovation today tell us about tomorrow?Jeffrey Funk
1) The document discusses two processes of technological innovation - the science-based process and the Silicon Valley process.
2) Analysis of successful startups found that few cited scientific papers in their patents, indicating few innovations arose from the science-based process.
3) Predicted breakthrough technologies from MIT's Technology Review also showed that most science-based predictions led to small market sizes, while technologies not predicted became very large markets.
This document discusses nanotechnology and its growth potential. It notes that nanotechnology is projected to become a trillion dollar global industry by 2015, employing over 2 million workers. Currently, there are only about 20,000 trained nanotechnologists worldwide. The document outlines different types of nanomaterials and generations of nanotechnology development. It also lists many universities, research centers, and companies in New York that are involved in nanotechnology research and commercialization.
This document proposes a methodology to detect knowledge transfer from science to technology using network analysis and bibliometrics. As a case study, it analyzes the fields of academic papers and patented technologies in solar cells. It clusters papers and patents by citation networks and identifies characteristic keywords in each cluster. It then calculates semantic similarities between clusters to create a meta-network and detects the maximum flow route, identifying a boundary cluster related to "dye sensitized" research that transferred from academic papers to patented technologies.
The document discusses smart materials and their advantages over traditional materials. It begins by defining smart materials as materials that can sense environmental changes and respond in predetermined ways, similar to living organisms. Smart materials contain sensors to detect input signals and actuators to produce adaptive responses to changes like temperature, electric or magnetic fields. The document then compares traditional and smart systems, noting that smart systems can accommodate unpredictable environments, meet performance requirements more efficiently, and have applications in many fields. It provides tables contrasting properties of traditional technologies with new smart materials technologies.
A Review on the State of Art of Smart Material for Defence Applicationsijtsrd
Smart materials are nowadays used in all spheres of life. The change in technology and development in the research field has lead smart materials to play a vital role in human life. Smart materials can adjust themselves according to the surroundings and change their properties in response to the stimulus input. However, the demand for smart materials has been increased in defense, automotive, and other industrial branches. These smart materials are listed under the group of advanced materials. A different application of smart materials can be used in industrial applications, aviation, etc. The use of smart materials in defence applications has been discussed below. Hrutuja A. Madake | Younus A. Fakir | Santosh S. Bhanuse | Chinmaya R. Shinagare | Khalid S. Pirjade | Avesahemad S N Husainy "A Review on the State of Art of Smart Material for Defence Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42589.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/42589/a-review-on-the-state-of-art-of-smart-material-for-defence-applications/hrutuja-a-madake
Sustainable Structures for Smart Cities and its Performance EvaluationIRJET Journal
The document discusses sustainable structures for smart cities and performance evaluation of such structures. It introduces smart materials and structures that can sense and respond to their environment through properties like shape memory alloys and piezoelectric materials. Such smart structures could self-monitor for issues, potentially reducing maintenance needs. The document outlines expectations for future smart structures, including technical, economic, and environmental criteria. It also categorizes and provides examples of different types of smart materials, including sensing, actuating, and self-repairing materials.
This document discusses technology and its importance. It defines technology as the systematic application of knowledge to industrial processes. It states that in developed countries, competition has evolved from natural resources to scientific and technological competence. It emphasizes that a country's level of development is determined by its ability to produce and utilize its own technology. Industries based on science and technology, like electronics and aerospace, contribute greatly to social welfare. The document stresses that countries must protect their scientific and technological knowledge and abilities.
Study on Material Selection for Particular DesignIRJET Journal
This document discusses material selection for engineering designs and describes tensile testing conducted on aluminum alloy specimens. It begins by explaining the importance of selecting the appropriate material based on the intended application and life of the product. Tensile testing is then introduced as a common mechanical test to determine material properties like yield strength and modulus of elasticity. The document goes on to describe tensile tests performed on aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and 2024-T3 specimens using a digital testing system equipped with strain sensors. The results show the yield point, modulus of elasticity, and ultimate tensile strength differed between the two aluminum alloys. This information helps engineers select the best material based on the design criteria and requirements.
The document discusses a study that aimed to identify stakeholder requirements for transforming the construction industry from supply-driven to demand-driven. It focused on collecting requirements from seven stakeholder categories across Europe regarding industrialized, integrated, and intelligent construction. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the requirements were consolidated into six key themes: sustainability, productivity, comfort, flexibility, energy/resource efficiency, and life cycle value. These themes will guide ongoing work to develop adaptable, high-performance building spaces that enhance human well-being. A case study on high-performance buildings highlights how the requirements apply to new concepts for building spaces.
IRJET - Carbon Nanotubes – The Centre of NanoelectronicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses carbon nanotubes and their role in nanoelectronics. It provides background on nanotechnology and how miniaturization has allowed electronic components to shrink according to Moore's Law. Carbon nanotubes have unique electrical and physical properties that make them well-suited for applications in nanoelectronics. They can act as semiconductors or metals depending on their structure and can enable continued miniaturization of electronic devices at the nanoscale.
This document discusses the challenges involved in writing an essay on the topic of telecommunication. It notes that telecommunication is a vast field encompassing technologies, history, and future trends, making it difficult to address comprehensively. The essay would need to explore the evolution of telecommunication from early systems to modern networks, requiring an understanding of technologies like wired/wireless and the internet. It would also need to examine societal impacts on areas like globalization, business, and social connection, as well as economic and ethical issues. Thorough research from various credible sources is crucial to gather data and insights. Organizing the diverse facets of the topic in a logical flow while balancing technical and broader concepts poses an additional challenge. Overall, an essay
Sustainable Civil Engineering Solutions through Technological InnovationsIRJTAE
Sustainable development has become a primary focus in various sectors, including civil engineering. With the
ever-growing concerns about environmental degradation and resource depletion, integrating sustainability into
civil engineering practices has become imperative. This research article explores the role of technology in
advancing sustainable practices within the realm of civil engineering. It delves into specific technological
innovations and their applications in achieving sustainability goals in construction, infrastructure development,
and urban planning. Through a comprehensive review of literature and case studies, this paper examines how
advancements in technology are reshaping the field of civil engineering and enabling the design, construction,
and management of infrastructure with a focus on sustainability. Key areas of innovation explored include green
building materials, energy-efficient construction techniques, smart infrastructure systems, and digital modelling
and simulation tools.
Application of Nano Technology in Civil Engineering Construction MaterialsJournal For Research
There are many technologies whose applications are widely used in branch of civil engineering. There are both advantages and disadvantages of such technologies. But by using Nanotechnology the performance of material can be enhanced .Nanotechnology deals with understanding and controlling matter, atoms and molecules in the range of 0.1–100 nm (10-9 m). It creates materials, devices, and systems with new properties and functions. Nanoparticles have more surface area relative to their volume, making them useful in energy storage and for making composite materials. Nano materials are also able to be combined with biological materials, producing new structures that have properties of both types of materials. The role of nanotechnology in the infrastructure systems has the potential to set the civil engineering on a different height and widen the vision of civil engineering.
Framework for understanding quantum computing use cases from a multidisciplin...Anastasija Nikiforova
This presentation is a supplementary material for the article "Framework for understanding quantum computing use cases from a multidisciplinary perspective and future research directions" (Ukpabi, D.C., Karjaluoto, H., Botticher, A., Nikiforova, A., Petrescu, D.I., Schindler, P., Valtenbergs, V., Lehmann, L., & Yakaryılmaz, A) available at https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2212/2212.13909.pdf. THe presentation, however, was delivered for QWorld Quantum Science Days 2023 | May 29-31.
This document is the 2014 catalogue for Trans Tech Publications Inc., which publishes online journals and book series related to materials science and engineering. It provides information on the various online periodicals and book series published on their websites www.ttp.net and www.scientific.net. It also includes summaries and ordering information for several recent publications covering topics such as advanced materials, nanotechnology, composite materials, and manufacturing engineering. The catalogue promotes the many publications available and provides details for interested researchers to publish or find relevant content.
Materials Technology for Engineers pre-test 1 notesmusadoto
Materials are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members’ ability to produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs. In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (i.e., Stone Age, Bronze Age). The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they
discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process, that is, deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one that was best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristics. It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of
thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society; these include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers. The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable
has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. An advancement
in the understanding of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. For example, automobiles would not have been possible without the availability of inexpensive steel or some other comparable substitute. In our contemporary era, sophisticated electronic devices rely on components that are made from what are called semiconducting materials.
Presentation by Dr Steffi Friedrichs, AcumenIST, NanoEarth, Virginia Tech, 8....Steffi Friedrichs
Title: The ‘Rise and Fall’ of Technologies (on the Example of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology)
Biotechnology has often been referred to as the bigger sister of nanotechnology. Indeed, the difference between the two technologies is often reduced to a mere two-decade time warp between the technologies’ hype cycles, and both technology analysists, policy-makers and pressure groups continue to entertain each other with numerous stories about the exchangeability of the two technology names in meeting agendas, expert panel discussions, public debates and policy documents.
This talk by Steffi Friedrichs, however, highlights the difference between the two technologies and outline the potential pitfalls (for both the public and the private sector) in reducing the expected trajectory of any technology’s development to a mere copy of a previous experience.
Steffi discusses the evidence recently published in two in-depth reports on the development of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their resulting impacts:
1. The Report on statistics and indicators of biotechnology and nanotechnology brings together the latest available patenting and bibliometric activity data on biotechnology, nanotechnology and related emerging and converging technologies. In order to achieve a comparison between the two technology fields, the selected indicators and measurement methodology for these multidisciplinary and partially overlapping technologies were re-confirmed and stress-tested with a view to establishing uniquely accurate and relevant datasets.
2. The Trend-analysis of science, technology and innovation policies for BNCTs studied the policies pertaining to nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past three decades and analysed them with regard to their directionality (i.e. the characteristics differentiating “technology-push” from “application-pull” policies) and their generality (i.e. the antonym of a technology-specificity that limits a policy to be applicable to a specific technology field only).
(NOTE: this PDF of the original presentation has been annotated for sharing.)
Fundamentals of Crystal Structure: BCC, FCC and HCP Structures, coordination number and atomic packing factors, crystal imperfections -point line and surface imperfections. Atomic Diffusion: Phenomenon, Fick’s laws of diffusion, factors affecting diffusion.
Tissue Engineering Essays
Civil Engineering Essay
The Importance Of Electrical Engineering
Essay about software engineering
Essay on Mechanical Engineering
I Want to Be an Aerospace Engineer
Designing And Problem Of An Engineer Essay
Essay on Biomedical Engineering
Proses Of Becoming An Engineer Essay
A Successful Engineer Essay
Essay on Engineering Developments
Essay on Architectural Engineering
A Degree in Engineering Application Essay example
Essential Characteristics of an Engineer Essay
Women in Engineering
Engineering Essay : What Is Engineering?
The Career of Engineering Essay
Mechanical Engineering Research Paper
My Career In Engineering
Advanced Materials International Forum, Bari 18-19 settembre, conferenza internazionale dedicata ai materiali avanzati e alle loro possibili applicazioni nei settori industriali, con un focus particolare sui trasporti (aerospazio, automotive, navale e cantieristico).
Writing an essay on nuclear power plants is challenging as it requires comprehensively addressing the technological, environmental, economic, and health aspects of nuclear energy in a balanced manner. It also involves clearly explaining scientific concepts to a broad audience and analyzing the socio-political factors that influence public perceptions and policies around nuclear power. While difficult, crafting a compelling essay on this multifaceted topic provides an opportunity to better understand the science, technology, politics, and ethics of nuclear energy and their implications for society.
This paper represent the innovative trends
and aspect of green nanotechnology development
challenges and opportunities in the field of alternative
technology to assist in future developments in this field.
There are various innovative applications of green Nanotechnology
in different- different fields like Energy,
Medicine and Drugs, Nano bio-technology, Nano devices,
Optical Engineering, Defence & Security, Bio
Engineering,Cosmetics,Nano Fabrics etc. Nanotechnology
improves the process of production and also improves the
quality of products. It works at the molecular level and
utilizes the more advanced concept, idea and research for
the development of different fields and production.
Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for Universal Filter Multi-Carrier Modulation in...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for Universal Filter Multi-Carrier Modulation in Next Generation Wireless Systems by Himanshu Monga* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Universal filter multi carrier (UFMC) is one of the promising multi carrier modulation techniques for next generation wireless communication systems. UFMC seems to be most attractive because it provides better sub carrier separation like FBMC (Filer Bank Multi Carrier) and less complexity like OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). But this technique suffers from limitation of higher Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper a Hybrid PAPR reduction technique SC- UFMC have been proposed using SLM (Selective Mapping) and Clipping. The performance of proposed technique is evaluated for various design parameters including filter length, FFT size and Bits per sub carrier. The simulation results show that hybrid technique provides better PAPR reduction as compared with conventional SLM and clipping techniques.
Brief on Catalytic Reactions to Maximize Production and Minimize Pollution (M...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
This editorial discusses using selective membranes to maximize production and minimize pollution in catalytic reactions. Almost all catalytic reactions are reversible and limited by thermodynamic equilibrium, but removing one product using selective membranes can break this limitation and increase conversion. Specifically, the editorial focuses on using hydrogen-selective membranes to remove hydrogen from dehydrogenation reactions like ethylbenzene to styrene, coupled with hydrogenation reactions on the other side of the membrane. Counter-current flow configuration between the two reactions is the most efficient. Figures 1 and 2 show schematics of the integrated membrane reactor design and hydrogen profiles for different flow configurations.
More Related Content
Similar to Crimson Publishers-A Generic Transformation of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies: Towards Multi-Functional and Intelligent Multi-Materials Systems
A Review on the State of Art of Smart Material for Defence Applicationsijtsrd
Smart materials are nowadays used in all spheres of life. The change in technology and development in the research field has lead smart materials to play a vital role in human life. Smart materials can adjust themselves according to the surroundings and change their properties in response to the stimulus input. However, the demand for smart materials has been increased in defense, automotive, and other industrial branches. These smart materials are listed under the group of advanced materials. A different application of smart materials can be used in industrial applications, aviation, etc. The use of smart materials in defence applications has been discussed below. Hrutuja A. Madake | Younus A. Fakir | Santosh S. Bhanuse | Chinmaya R. Shinagare | Khalid S. Pirjade | Avesahemad S N Husainy "A Review on the State of Art of Smart Material for Defence Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42589.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/42589/a-review-on-the-state-of-art-of-smart-material-for-defence-applications/hrutuja-a-madake
Sustainable Structures for Smart Cities and its Performance EvaluationIRJET Journal
The document discusses sustainable structures for smart cities and performance evaluation of such structures. It introduces smart materials and structures that can sense and respond to their environment through properties like shape memory alloys and piezoelectric materials. Such smart structures could self-monitor for issues, potentially reducing maintenance needs. The document outlines expectations for future smart structures, including technical, economic, and environmental criteria. It also categorizes and provides examples of different types of smart materials, including sensing, actuating, and self-repairing materials.
This document discusses technology and its importance. It defines technology as the systematic application of knowledge to industrial processes. It states that in developed countries, competition has evolved from natural resources to scientific and technological competence. It emphasizes that a country's level of development is determined by its ability to produce and utilize its own technology. Industries based on science and technology, like electronics and aerospace, contribute greatly to social welfare. The document stresses that countries must protect their scientific and technological knowledge and abilities.
Study on Material Selection for Particular DesignIRJET Journal
This document discusses material selection for engineering designs and describes tensile testing conducted on aluminum alloy specimens. It begins by explaining the importance of selecting the appropriate material based on the intended application and life of the product. Tensile testing is then introduced as a common mechanical test to determine material properties like yield strength and modulus of elasticity. The document goes on to describe tensile tests performed on aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and 2024-T3 specimens using a digital testing system equipped with strain sensors. The results show the yield point, modulus of elasticity, and ultimate tensile strength differed between the two aluminum alloys. This information helps engineers select the best material based on the design criteria and requirements.
The document discusses a study that aimed to identify stakeholder requirements for transforming the construction industry from supply-driven to demand-driven. It focused on collecting requirements from seven stakeholder categories across Europe regarding industrialized, integrated, and intelligent construction. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the requirements were consolidated into six key themes: sustainability, productivity, comfort, flexibility, energy/resource efficiency, and life cycle value. These themes will guide ongoing work to develop adaptable, high-performance building spaces that enhance human well-being. A case study on high-performance buildings highlights how the requirements apply to new concepts for building spaces.
IRJET - Carbon Nanotubes – The Centre of NanoelectronicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses carbon nanotubes and their role in nanoelectronics. It provides background on nanotechnology and how miniaturization has allowed electronic components to shrink according to Moore's Law. Carbon nanotubes have unique electrical and physical properties that make them well-suited for applications in nanoelectronics. They can act as semiconductors or metals depending on their structure and can enable continued miniaturization of electronic devices at the nanoscale.
This document discusses the challenges involved in writing an essay on the topic of telecommunication. It notes that telecommunication is a vast field encompassing technologies, history, and future trends, making it difficult to address comprehensively. The essay would need to explore the evolution of telecommunication from early systems to modern networks, requiring an understanding of technologies like wired/wireless and the internet. It would also need to examine societal impacts on areas like globalization, business, and social connection, as well as economic and ethical issues. Thorough research from various credible sources is crucial to gather data and insights. Organizing the diverse facets of the topic in a logical flow while balancing technical and broader concepts poses an additional challenge. Overall, an essay
Sustainable Civil Engineering Solutions through Technological InnovationsIRJTAE
Sustainable development has become a primary focus in various sectors, including civil engineering. With the
ever-growing concerns about environmental degradation and resource depletion, integrating sustainability into
civil engineering practices has become imperative. This research article explores the role of technology in
advancing sustainable practices within the realm of civil engineering. It delves into specific technological
innovations and their applications in achieving sustainability goals in construction, infrastructure development,
and urban planning. Through a comprehensive review of literature and case studies, this paper examines how
advancements in technology are reshaping the field of civil engineering and enabling the design, construction,
and management of infrastructure with a focus on sustainability. Key areas of innovation explored include green
building materials, energy-efficient construction techniques, smart infrastructure systems, and digital modelling
and simulation tools.
Application of Nano Technology in Civil Engineering Construction MaterialsJournal For Research
There are many technologies whose applications are widely used in branch of civil engineering. There are both advantages and disadvantages of such technologies. But by using Nanotechnology the performance of material can be enhanced .Nanotechnology deals with understanding and controlling matter, atoms and molecules in the range of 0.1–100 nm (10-9 m). It creates materials, devices, and systems with new properties and functions. Nanoparticles have more surface area relative to their volume, making them useful in energy storage and for making composite materials. Nano materials are also able to be combined with biological materials, producing new structures that have properties of both types of materials. The role of nanotechnology in the infrastructure systems has the potential to set the civil engineering on a different height and widen the vision of civil engineering.
Framework for understanding quantum computing use cases from a multidisciplin...Anastasija Nikiforova
This presentation is a supplementary material for the article "Framework for understanding quantum computing use cases from a multidisciplinary perspective and future research directions" (Ukpabi, D.C., Karjaluoto, H., Botticher, A., Nikiforova, A., Petrescu, D.I., Schindler, P., Valtenbergs, V., Lehmann, L., & Yakaryılmaz, A) available at https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2212/2212.13909.pdf. THe presentation, however, was delivered for QWorld Quantum Science Days 2023 | May 29-31.
This document is the 2014 catalogue for Trans Tech Publications Inc., which publishes online journals and book series related to materials science and engineering. It provides information on the various online periodicals and book series published on their websites www.ttp.net and www.scientific.net. It also includes summaries and ordering information for several recent publications covering topics such as advanced materials, nanotechnology, composite materials, and manufacturing engineering. The catalogue promotes the many publications available and provides details for interested researchers to publish or find relevant content.
Materials Technology for Engineers pre-test 1 notesmusadoto
Materials are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members’ ability to produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs. In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (i.e., Stone Age, Bronze Age). The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they
discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process, that is, deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one that was best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristics. It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of
thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society; these include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers. The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable
has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. An advancement
in the understanding of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. For example, automobiles would not have been possible without the availability of inexpensive steel or some other comparable substitute. In our contemporary era, sophisticated electronic devices rely on components that are made from what are called semiconducting materials.
Presentation by Dr Steffi Friedrichs, AcumenIST, NanoEarth, Virginia Tech, 8....Steffi Friedrichs
Title: The ‘Rise and Fall’ of Technologies (on the Example of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology)
Biotechnology has often been referred to as the bigger sister of nanotechnology. Indeed, the difference between the two technologies is often reduced to a mere two-decade time warp between the technologies’ hype cycles, and both technology analysists, policy-makers and pressure groups continue to entertain each other with numerous stories about the exchangeability of the two technology names in meeting agendas, expert panel discussions, public debates and policy documents.
This talk by Steffi Friedrichs, however, highlights the difference between the two technologies and outline the potential pitfalls (for both the public and the private sector) in reducing the expected trajectory of any technology’s development to a mere copy of a previous experience.
Steffi discusses the evidence recently published in two in-depth reports on the development of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their resulting impacts:
1. The Report on statistics and indicators of biotechnology and nanotechnology brings together the latest available patenting and bibliometric activity data on biotechnology, nanotechnology and related emerging and converging technologies. In order to achieve a comparison between the two technology fields, the selected indicators and measurement methodology for these multidisciplinary and partially overlapping technologies were re-confirmed and stress-tested with a view to establishing uniquely accurate and relevant datasets.
2. The Trend-analysis of science, technology and innovation policies for BNCTs studied the policies pertaining to nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past three decades and analysed them with regard to their directionality (i.e. the characteristics differentiating “technology-push” from “application-pull” policies) and their generality (i.e. the antonym of a technology-specificity that limits a policy to be applicable to a specific technology field only).
(NOTE: this PDF of the original presentation has been annotated for sharing.)
Fundamentals of Crystal Structure: BCC, FCC and HCP Structures, coordination number and atomic packing factors, crystal imperfections -point line and surface imperfections. Atomic Diffusion: Phenomenon, Fick’s laws of diffusion, factors affecting diffusion.
Tissue Engineering Essays
Civil Engineering Essay
The Importance Of Electrical Engineering
Essay about software engineering
Essay on Mechanical Engineering
I Want to Be an Aerospace Engineer
Designing And Problem Of An Engineer Essay
Essay on Biomedical Engineering
Proses Of Becoming An Engineer Essay
A Successful Engineer Essay
Essay on Engineering Developments
Essay on Architectural Engineering
A Degree in Engineering Application Essay example
Essential Characteristics of an Engineer Essay
Women in Engineering
Engineering Essay : What Is Engineering?
The Career of Engineering Essay
Mechanical Engineering Research Paper
My Career In Engineering
Advanced Materials International Forum, Bari 18-19 settembre, conferenza internazionale dedicata ai materiali avanzati e alle loro possibili applicazioni nei settori industriali, con un focus particolare sui trasporti (aerospazio, automotive, navale e cantieristico).
Writing an essay on nuclear power plants is challenging as it requires comprehensively addressing the technological, environmental, economic, and health aspects of nuclear energy in a balanced manner. It also involves clearly explaining scientific concepts to a broad audience and analyzing the socio-political factors that influence public perceptions and policies around nuclear power. While difficult, crafting a compelling essay on this multifaceted topic provides an opportunity to better understand the science, technology, politics, and ethics of nuclear energy and their implications for society.
This paper represent the innovative trends
and aspect of green nanotechnology development
challenges and opportunities in the field of alternative
technology to assist in future developments in this field.
There are various innovative applications of green Nanotechnology
in different- different fields like Energy,
Medicine and Drugs, Nano bio-technology, Nano devices,
Optical Engineering, Defence & Security, Bio
Engineering,Cosmetics,Nano Fabrics etc. Nanotechnology
improves the process of production and also improves the
quality of products. It works at the molecular level and
utilizes the more advanced concept, idea and research for
the development of different fields and production.
Similar to Crimson Publishers-A Generic Transformation of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies: Towards Multi-Functional and Intelligent Multi-Materials Systems (20)
Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for Universal Filter Multi-Carrier Modulation in...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for Universal Filter Multi-Carrier Modulation in Next Generation Wireless Systems by Himanshu Monga* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Universal filter multi carrier (UFMC) is one of the promising multi carrier modulation techniques for next generation wireless communication systems. UFMC seems to be most attractive because it provides better sub carrier separation like FBMC (Filer Bank Multi Carrier) and less complexity like OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). But this technique suffers from limitation of higher Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper a Hybrid PAPR reduction technique SC- UFMC have been proposed using SLM (Selective Mapping) and Clipping. The performance of proposed technique is evaluated for various design parameters including filter length, FFT size and Bits per sub carrier. The simulation results show that hybrid technique provides better PAPR reduction as compared with conventional SLM and clipping techniques.
Brief on Catalytic Reactions to Maximize Production and Minimize Pollution (M...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
This editorial discusses using selective membranes to maximize production and minimize pollution in catalytic reactions. Almost all catalytic reactions are reversible and limited by thermodynamic equilibrium, but removing one product using selective membranes can break this limitation and increase conversion. Specifically, the editorial focuses on using hydrogen-selective membranes to remove hydrogen from dehydrogenation reactions like ethylbenzene to styrene, coupled with hydrogenation reactions on the other side of the membrane. Counter-current flow configuration between the two reactions is the most efficient. Figures 1 and 2 show schematics of the integrated membrane reactor design and hydrogen profiles for different flow configurations.
Effects of Process Parameters on MRR, EWR and Ra in Nanoparticles Mixed EDM -...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Effects of Process Parameters on MRR, EWR and Ra in Nanoparticles Mixed EDM by R Boopathi* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Graphene Supported Metal Oxide for Non-Enzymatic H2O2 Sensing - Crimson Publi...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
This document summarizes research on using graphene as a support material for metal oxides in producing sensors for detecting hydrogen peroxide. Graphene is well-suited as a support due to its large surface area, high conductivity, and ability to prevent metal oxide nanoparticle aggregation. Several studies are described that synthesized composites of graphene with various metal oxides like iron oxide, cobalt oxide, zinc oxide, and copper oxide. The graphene-metal oxide composites showed enhanced sensitivity, detection limits, stability, and electrochemical performance compared to metal oxides alone, due to the properties graphene provides as a support.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Heat Transfer in Graphene/Agar under ...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Heat Transfer in Graphene/Agar under Laser Irradiation by Siheng Su * in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Investigation on Peritectic Layered Structures by Using the Binary Organic Co...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Investigation on Peritectic Layered Structures by Using the Binary Organic Components TRIS-NPG as Model Substances for Metal-Like Solidification by JP Mogeritsch* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
A Review on Nanomaterial Revolution in Oil and Gas Industry for EOR (Enhanced...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
A Review on Nanomaterial Revolution in Oil and Gas Industry for EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) Methods by Veluru Jagadeesh Babu* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Multi-Junction Solar Cells: Snapshots from the First Decade of the Twenty-Fir...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Multi-Junction Solar Cells: Snapshots from the First Decade of the Twenty-First Century by Guy Francis Mongelli* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
An Attempt to Study MoO3-Like TCO Nanolayered Compound in Terms of structural...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
MoO3 thin films were prepared using a spray pyrolysis technique and characterized. XRD analysis showed the films crystallized in the orthorhombic α-MoO3 phase. AFM images showed the films consisted of parallelepiped shaped wires. The films exhibited good sensitivity (93%) and reproducibility to 500 ppm ethanol vapor at 300°C, suggesting potential for ethanol sensing applications.
Shear Field Size Effect on Determining the Shear Modulus of Glulam beam - Cri...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Six glue laminated timber beams were tested to investigate the effect of the size of the constructing square used in the shear field test method for determining the shear modulus. Stereovision was used to capture the displacement of target points in grids on the beams. Analysis of variance found that the size of the square had a significant influence on the measured shear modulus values. The shear modulus increased with larger square sizes for most beams tested. It is recommended that the square size be at least half the beam depth to obtain appropriate results. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of square size.
A New Concept of using Transverse Loading to Characterize Environmental Stres...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
A New Concept of using Transverse Loading to Characterize Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance (ESCR) of Polyethylene (PE) by PY Ben Jar* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
A Nano Capacitor Including Graphene Layers Composed with Doped Boron and Nitr...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
A Nano Capacitor Including Graphene Layers Composed with Doped Boron and Nitrogen by Majid Monajjemi* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Multi-Physics Applications of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials: A Summary Rev...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Multi-Physics Applications of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials: A Summary Review by Mohammad Faisal Haider* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Additive Manufacturing by MMA Welding Process Characteristics and Microstruct...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Additive Manufacturing by MMA Welding Process Characteristics and Microstructural, Mechanical Properties: Propose to Modify the Welding Procedure Specification by Mir Mostafa Hosseinioun * in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Dimensions and Indicators for Sustainable Construction Materials: A Review- C...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Dimensions and Indicators for Sustainable Construction Materials: A Review by Humphrey Danso* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
Crimson Publishers-A Generic Transformation of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies: Towards Multi-Functional and Intelligent Multi-Materials Systems
2. How to cite this article: T. Baykara. A Generic Transformation of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies: Towards Multi-Functional and Intelligent Multi-
Materials Systems. Res Dev Material Sci. 1(1). RDMS.000501. 2017. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2017.01.000501
Research & Development in Material Science
2/5
Res Dev Material Sci
on their technical functions and multi-faceted characteristics such
as physical, mechanical, electrical, optical, chemical and other
variety of properties. For many high performance applications, such
unique properties along with others (smartness, eco-friendliness,
light weight, high strength and durability etc.) advanced materials
lead to very high added value products essential for long term
profitability and market superiority for firms operating in various
sectors such as machinery, manufacturing, microelectronics,
transport, automotive, chemical, energy, aeronautical and other
industries [6].
Rapid advancement of technologies with new scientific results
and findings has started to shift advanced materials technologies
from its classical scheme towards more integrated multi-materials
systems via multi-functional and multi variant characteristics [7,8].
As the traditional disciplinary classification and descriptions fade
away, recent advances indicate more integrated multi-materials
systems are now far more effective [7]. The traditional classification
of materials are loosing its meaning as the evolving and competitive
market structures require combined and enhanced properties of
variety of materials functioning within a system’s integral structure
[9].
Newly formed and continously evolving norms and
characteristics of advanced materials will be discussed based
upon their role in newly emerging high technology applications
and other challenges such as in autonomous systems. We will also
adress these issues from the newly forming unique characteristics
of advanced materials and some literature both on the classical and
newly forming advanced materials scheme will also be outlined.
A generic transformation of advanced materials
technologies
Key challenges of the 21st
Century in critical fields of energy,
environment, defense & homeland security, healthcare, transport,
additive manufacturing, microelectronics, nanotechnology, space
& aviation and others are demanding high performance, enhaced
properties with multi-functionality from advanced materials
science and engineering. In this sense, an extensive transformation
of advanced materials from traditional classification as metals,
ceramics, polymers and composites should be radically changed to
a newly formed, complex, integrated and dynamic system.
Such transformation of new generation advanced materials
system may have the following attributes [1,2,8,10-13]:
a. High-tech applications
b. High value-added products
c. Multidisciplinary (physics, chemistry, applied
mathematics, biology, mechanical, electrical-electronical
engineering and others)
d. Multitechnological (biosciences, micro-electronics, nano-
electronics, photonics, mechatronics, machinery and others)
e. Multisectoral (energy, transport, medical-healthcare,
sports, food packaging, space & aviation, civil engineering and
others)
f. Multi-functionality (mechanical, physical, chemical,
electrical and others)
g. Intelligence and smartness
h. Miniaturization; smaller length scales towards nano-
systems
In its historical context, materials industry was largely based on
substitutionofnaturalmaterialswithsynthetic,man-madematerials
during the first half of the 20th
Century (e.g., leather by polymeric
materials, cotton by synthetic fibers, wood by iron-steel etc.). In
the second half of the previous century, materials technologies
has shifted from substitution to custom-made materials inquired
by the industry (e.g. electronic ceramics for microelectronics,
polycarbonate for compact discs etc.). This shift greatly exploited
scientific and technical advances following the 2nd
World War and
brought tremendous advantage and improvement for newly rising
industries such as microelectronics, communication, machinery,
transport, space & aviation and others. During the last couple of
decades, another concept has evolved based upon the needs and
necessities of revolutionary market dynamics particularly in the
fields of biotechnology, information technologies, nanotechnologies
and cognitive systems simply stated as “bio-info-nano and cogno
systems”. Other than scientific and technological advances in
design, processing, production and quality, governmental policies,
market conditions and societal needs and requirements were also
effective for shaping and leading advanced materials technologies
forward to reach beyond the 21st
Century [2,14].
Starting with the late 90s and during the dawn of the new
century, emerging scientific and technical advances such as high
capacity computational modelling of atoms and molecules to design
and tailor new and original compounds for sophisticated functions,
rapid advancement of nanosciences and nanotechnologies along
with the development of highly capable and effective analytical
instruments for testing, analysis and characterization of micro-
electronics, nanostructures (e.g. ultrahigh resolution electron
microscopes) lead to a new era for advanced materials technologies.
Such a large shift within the materials technology is demonstrated
in (Figure 1).
Figure 1: New relationship within the design of novel materials
for 21st
century.
This brings newly formed and evolving norms and
characteristics for advanced materials such as follows:
3. How to cite this article: T. Baykara. A Generic Transformation of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies: Towards Multi-Functional and Intelligent Multi-
Materials Systems. Res Dev Material Sci. 1(1). RDMS.000501. 2017. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2017.01.000501
3/5
Res Dev Material SciResearch & Development in Material Science
a. Rapidly decreasing size of materials leading nano-
structured materials within atomic/molecular dimensions; it
should be noted that nanosciences at atomic/molecular level
bring unusual novel properties and changing characteristics.
b. Based on these developments, processing, development,
testing and fabrication are also getting into the nano level
science and technology which bring radical changes in almost
whole aspects of materials engineering.
c. Accelarating accumulation of knowledge is leading new
and quantum-based data storage, communication and diffusion
of new techniques and capabilities. New analytical techniques
(e.g. high resolution electron microscopy techniques and other
advanced imaging and manipulation techniques) and methods
in testing, analysis and characterization of materials’ properties
cause in-depth understanding of atomic and molecular
interactions leading new and novel materials synthesis.
d. Already existing characteristics of multi-disciplinarity and
multi-technological features lead to new emerging fields such
as bio-materials, magneto-optical materials, nano-materials,
smart and intelligent materials and many others.
e. Based upon such emerging characteristics, advanced
materials engineering has been evolving to become significantly
more “integrated materials systems”. Working on individual and
isolated material components is no longer adequate enough
to solve sophisticated engineering problems in industry.
Therefore, a new challenge has been forcing advanced materials
to become more integrated with variety of materials i.e., multi-
materials systems along with interaction of other engineering
functions, i.e., multi-functionality.
New era is strongly demanding complex and dynamic
attributes such as innovation and creativity, rapid deployment
and commercialization, extensive collaboration in R&D which is
becoming R&D&I (innovation), efficient processing techniques
for high quality products [15]. Therefore, a new and emerging
relationship within the design of advanced materials engineering is
evolving and shown in (Figure 1).
New characteristics of advanced materials technologies
New advanced materials technologies have been considered
as key drivers for profitability and growth in 21st
Century’s
fast changing environments and severe competiton with the
new entrants such as China, India and other Asian and Latin
American countries (Brasil, Mexico) [16,17]. Today’s high risk,
and uncertain market circumstances is demanding new and
significantly different novel characteristics. Firstly, innovation
and creativity in advanced materials technologies are becoming
major cornerstones for almost any organizations. In this regard,
collaborative networking in all levels of industrial operations is
emerging as a new paradigm for advanced materials [18]. Other
than scientific and technological advances in design, processing,
production and quality, governmental policies, market conditions
and societal needs and requirements are also effective for shaping
and leading advanced materials technologies forward [14]. R&D
intense environment is shifting towards more on R&I (innovation)
based operations and R&I is becoming a fundamental economical
activity within organizations. It should be noted that more than half
of all technical innovations in practically all technology sectors and
branches of industry based upon the properties of the materials in
use in varying degrees [19].
Recently accelerating additive manufacturing technologies
would be a new and challenging opportunities for advanced
materials innovation. A limited use of polymers and some alloys
is required to be improved through tailored, multi-functional,
functionally graded multi-materials, nano-structured materials
with variety of properties. Revolutionary improvements are
expected in this technology through enabling materials such as
energy storing and conversion devices, membranes for filtration,
active biomaterial implants. Development of multi-functional,
functionally graded multi-materials and applying into the additive
manufacturing is considered to be one of the future technologies
using optimised designs to control microstructure, properties,
processes and performances of novel systems [20].
As one of the key enabling technologies, advanced materials
applications have been evolving into new level of understanding
with the following developments in materials science and
technologies (Figure 1) [3,21]:
a. Tailoring: Unique, newly created enabling materials,
products.
b. Improvements in new and enabling manufacturing
processes.
c. Enhancement in already existing products through newly
formed properties, processes and forms
d. Design, Modelling, Simulation: Rational design strategies
and their integration into structures and systems; in such
a material system, designing smart structures with multi-
functional concepts (e.g. self-sensing, self-healing etc.).
e. Nano-structured materials for multi-functional
applications.
f. Multi-functional, multi-purpose, high performance printing
materials for 3-D printing technologies [22].
Materials R&D&I (Research&Development&Innovation) is
a crucial source of innovation and enhances competitiveness in
many key technologies. Key enabling technologies including micro/
nanoelectronics, additive manufacturing, energy, space, robotics,
biomedical and other technologies are widely dependent upon
materials R&D&I. As pointed before, advanced materials sector
is largely R&D intensive due to its nature and R&D activities in
advanced materials inquire heavy investment with high cost and
usually take place in universities, government laboratories and
in laboratories of large firms and corporations [9]. Other than
basic and applied R&D activities in advanced materials, emerging
demand for commercialization process inquires extensive R&D&I
4. How to cite this article: T. Baykara. A Generic Transformation of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies: Towards Multi-Functional and Intelligent Multi-
Materials Systems. Res Dev Material Sci. 1(1). RDMS.000501. 2017. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2017.01.000501
Research & Development in Material Science
4/5
Res Dev Material Sci
including prototype development, pilot plant applications and
demonstrative process&product developments along with variety
of specific customer demands such as unique testing procedures,
specialty design needs for product & process attributes. The whole
R&D stage should be planned towards effective commercialization
which are extremely expensive and needs custom-designed R&D
processes.
Such R&D process should have the following norms and
characteristics:
a. The whole research activities should be shaped upon the
specific demands, inquiries and necessities of the customer. A
detailed plan and unique processing including standard and
non-standard testing procedures from the start to the end
should be carefully designed and coordinated with customers.
b. Such customized R&D should eliminate technological
uncertainties in the planning stage and an extensive and
close interaction with the customer should be coordinated
effectively. Specific market norms and characteristics should be
taken into account in developing products and processes with
the accepted qualifications.
c. Customized R&D activities should be conducted with
multi-disciplinary expert teams including scientists, engineers,
research specialists and capable technical support personel. In
many advanced materials research projects, experts from the
fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, physics, mechanical
engineering, microelectronics, electromagnetics, software
development and others are involved in various steps during
the projects.
d. Ateamofmarketspecialistsshouldalsobeinvolvedduring
the project activities for more effective commercialization along
with IP specialists.
Regularly developing new technical and scientific achievements
and improvements in advanced materials cover newly forming
characteristics in diverse and multi-sectoral markets.
Such factors can be classified within the following basic
headlines as:
i. Innovativeness & Creativity
ii. Advanced materials as integrated multi-materials systems
iii. Collaboration & Networking
iv. Critical performance & Multi- and/or special-functionality
v. Challenge of commercialization
Newlyevolvingconceptof“commercialization”inquiresawholly
new understanding of mechanisms within the market, organization
and processes such as non-lineer perceptions and chaotic system
thinking and others. In this regard, more combinatorial (and
hybrid) materials systems are modelled through sophisticated
software programmes and simulation techniques leading to tailored
propertiesuponcustomers’demands.Themechanismofinnovation
and commercialization for advanced materials have a complex and
dynamic nature and couldn’t be categorized in one of the following
models: “market pull” or “technology push” mechanisms. New
molecules designed through complex computational simulations
and recent hybrid processing techniques are highly advanced
and unknown for markets and customers. In this regard, a plane
“market pull” mechanism is hard to be operative in many instances.
On the other hand, “technology push” mechanism has difficulties
in commercialization of any innovative ideas due to high risk,
uncertainties and many other complexities. It may take a long delay
for any new material innovation to be transferred into a viable
product and full commercialization. In this mechanism, high cost
and extended duration of research, development and time lag for
any product to reach the market are also considered as barriers.
Based upon these limitations and problems, the “Technology-
Market Matching (coupling)” mechanism has a very high potential
in this respect to find new business models and collaborative results
in commercialization [9,23]. As indicated before, since advanced
materials technologies carry challenges both in market and in
technological (high risk, uncertainties, long duration of research,
high cost of investment etc) innovation mechanism is categorized
along the market-technology matching (coupling) model.
The majority of customers’ demands and desires for materials
(for both products and processes) can be listed as follows:
a. Decreasing size and weight is the predominant inquiry;
b. Almost all organizations desire to be innovation-centric
and seek for creative solutions in all levels of operations.
c. Functionality within the same material’s platform is a
must and integrity is primarily demanded.
d. High value added products are the major targets of
organizations.
e. Lowering cost and high volume production are secondary
concerns.
f. Collaborative networking is extensively emerging and
many firms are seeking for reliable and efficient university
collaborations.
g. Major areas of interests in advanced materials: Tailored
materials; Smart / Intellectual systems; Nano-structured
materials (as functional coatings); Functional materials
systems.
Conclusion
A new approach and understanding for advanced materials
complex depicted as “integrated materials systems” may reflect the
following attributes:
A. In such materials complexes, one may not consider
materials as simple and plane elements and/or sub-elements
of a system. The system itself is a new advanced materials
platform as an integral entity developed for specific functions
with multi-variant properties and characteristics.
5. How to cite this article: T. Baykara. A Generic Transformation of Advanced Materials Science and Technologies: Towards Multi-Functional and Intelligent Multi-
Materials Systems. Res Dev Material Sci. 1(1). RDMS.000501. 2017. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2017.01.000501
5/5
Res Dev Material SciResearch & Development in Material Science
B. Emerging new models for advanced materials are based
upon combining and putting all together the variety of sub-
fields of materials science and many other engineering fields
(chemical, mechanical, microelectronics, software etc) to
solve the challenging problems with such “integrated systems
materials engineering”.
C. Design, Modelling, Simulation: Rational design strategies
and their integration into structures and systems; in such
a material system, designing smart structures with multi-
functional concepts (e.g. self-sensing, self-healing etc.).
D. Revolutionary improvements are expected in 3-D printing
technology through enabling enabling materials such as
nano-structured materials, smart materials, multi-functional
materials. Development of multi-functional, functionally graded
multi-materials and applying into the additive manufacturing is
considered to be one of the future technologies using optimised
designs to control microstructure, properties, processes and
performances of novel systems.
E. Such a complex materials system may not be developed
by single and/or limited actors, an extensive collaborative
networks should be developed for innovative materials system.
Actors of networks should include a range of actors from
varying fields and sectors.
F. University, academia involvement must be an unseperable
actors for such networking for the scientific and technological
framework forthe development of new advanced composites.
G. High risk and high cost of investment and maintenance
for processing, testing, analysis and characterization during
the R&D and innovation stages may be solved by directing
such investments to professional research and technology
organizations (RTOs). Such RTOs may play a central role in
variety of networks as service providers in processing, testing,
analysis and characterization along with other tasks such
as sub-contracting and consulting as well as collaborative
partners.
References
1. Charles F, Eoin O’Sullivan (2014) A review of international public sector
strategies and roadmaps: A case study in advanced materials. Entre
for Science Technology and Innovation, Institute for Manufacturing,
University of Cambridge, UK.
2. Dosch H, Van de Voorde MH (2001) Materials science and basic research
in Europe: Conclusions and reccomendations Chapter 9, European
White Book on Fundamental Research in Materials Science, Max-Planck-
Gesellschaft, Germany.
3. Richter H (2011) Materials for Key Enabling Technologies European
Science Foundation, Materials Science and Engineering, Expert
Committee (MatSEEC).
4. Baykara T, Özbek S, Ceranoğlu AN (2015) A generic transformation
of advanced materials technologies: towards more integrated multi-
materials systems via customized R&D and Innovation. The Journal of
High Technology Management Research 26 (1): 77-87.
5. Helena MM Lastres (1994) The Advanced Materials Revolution and
Japanese System of Innovation, St. Martin’s Press, London.
6. UK Technology Strategy Board: Driving Innovation Advanced Materials:
Key Technology Area 2008-2011.
7. Yang P, Tarascon JM (2012) Towards systems materials engineering. Nat
Mater 11: 560-563.
8. Deloitte Global Manufacturing Group (2012) Reigniting growth
Advanced Materials Systems.
9. Maine E, Garnsey E (2006) Commercializing generic technology: The
case of advanced materials ventures, Research Policy 35(6): 375-393.
10. Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (2010) Ideas,
Innovation, Prosperity: High Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany BMBF
Innovation Policy Framework Division, Bonn, Berlin.
11. Rooney M, Robert JC, Murray GM, Romenesko BM (2000) Advanced
Materials Challenges and Opportunities. Johns Hopkins APL Technical
Digest 21.
12. Leszek A Dobrzański (2006) Significance of materials science for
the future development of societies. Journal of Materials Processing
Technology 175(1-3): 133-148.
13. Ann Crabbéa, Ria Jacobs, VeroniqueVan Hoof, Anne Bergmansa, Karel
Van Acker (2012) Transition towards sustainable material innovation:
evidence and evaluation of the Flemish case. Journal of Cleaner
Production 56: 63-72.
14. Bauer D, Summary Briefing (2011) US Department of Energy, Critical
Materials Strategy. Workshop on Mineral Raw Material Flows and Data.
15. von der Gracht HA, Stillings C (2013) An innovation-focused scenario
process-A case from the materials producing industry. Technological
Forecasting and Social Change 80(4): 599-610.
16. An-ChinCheng (2012) Exploring the relationship between technology
diffusion and new material diffusion: the example of advanced ceramic
powders. Technovation 32(3-4): 163-167.
17. Nakagawa M, Watanabe C, Griffy Brown C (2009) Changes in the
technology spillover structure due to economic paradigm shifts: A driver
of the economic revival in Japan’s material industry beyond the year
2000. Technovation 29(1): 5-22.
18. Valk, Vander TC, MMH Gijsbers, GW (2011) Evaluating innovation
networks in emerging Technologies. Technological Forecasting and
Social Change 78(1): 25-39.
19. Ehrenfried Z (2012) Advanced Materials, R&D Cooperation for
Innovation Products, Aarhus, Denmark.
20. Grant P (2013) New and advanced materials, UK Government’s foresight
future of manufacturing project.
21. Faulkner A, Berenshteyn Y (2013) Advanced materials: Creating
chemistry between innovators and investors. Cleantech Group.
22. Lewis JA, Scott CS (2012) Printing Functional Materials. Harvard School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences Wyss Institute for Biologically
Inspired Engineering.
23. Maine E, Probert D, Ashby M (2005) Investing in new materials: A tool
for technology managers. Technovation 25(1): 15-23.