Cornell Project 2Gen Scholars wrote these briefs for the Fall 2019 course, “Bridging the Gap: Connecting Research and Policymaking the New York State Legislature.”
This Cornell Project 2Gen in Albany event provided an opportunity for non-partisan, open dialogue about policy-relevant research on issues facing families impacted by the criminal justice system in New York.
This research brief summarizes a study on school engagement among families with criminal justice system involvement. The study found that paternal incarceration is associated with less involvement in school-based activities, likely due to system avoidance by fathers who distrust surveilling institutions like schools. However, incarceration did not impact home-based parental involvement like helping with homework. The brief concludes that schools can encourage involvement from previously incarcerated fathers by establishing a safe, non-surveilling environment and connecting families to supportive programs.
On 19 October 2021, over 500 researchers, practitioners, policymakers and activists from around the world gathered to take stock of what we know about the intersections between
violence against children and violence against women, identify existing knowledge gaps and discuss opportunities to increase coordination across efforts to prevent and respond to both
forms of violence.
This summary presents key takeaways from the event organized by UNICEF Innocenti, in collaboration with the Global Partnership to End Violence, the World Health Organization,
the Sexual Violence Research Initiative and the UK FCDO.
Effective solutions to end violence against children will require researchers, practitioners, and leaders to come together to take stock of what we know, bridge gaps across the field, and influence change through the use and generation of VAC evidence.
This webinar aimed to share evidence and foster discussion on intersections between violence against women and violence against children, highlighting opportunities for greater collaboration, to build knowledge, and to translate it into policy and programmes.
Opening remarks: Alessandra Guedes, Gender and Development Research Manager, UNICEF Innocenti
Presenting evidence:
- Clara Alemann, Director of Programs, Promundo, The Hague
- Manuela Colombini, Assistant Professor in Health Systems and Policy and Gender-based Violence, and Loraine Bacchus, Associate Professor of Social Science, LSHTM
- Chandré Gould, Senior Research Fellow, and Matodzi Amisi, Senior Research Consultant, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
- Isabelle Pearson, Research Fellow for the Gender Violence & Health Centre at LSHTM and Heidi Stöckl, Professor of Public Health Evaluation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Panel discussion:
- Paul Bukuluki, Associate Professor of Social Work and Medical Anthropology, Makerere University, Uganda
- Lina Digolo, Senior Associate, The Prevention Collaborative, Kenya
- Lori Heise, Professor of Gender, Violence and Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
- Santi Kusumaningrum, Co-founder and Director, PUSKAPA - Center on Child Protection and Wellbeing at Universitas Indonesia
- Tarisai Mchuchu-MacMillan, Executive Director, MOSAIC, South Africa
Closing remarks: Emily Esplen, Head of Ending Violence Team, FCDO, United Kingdom
Resolution 10.16 supporting the schreyer gender equity coalition open letterAnthonyAvella1
The document is a resolution from the University Park Undergraduate Association supporting the Schreyer Gender Equity Coalition's open letter regarding Penn State's campus climate surveys on sexual violence and misconduct.
The resolution recommends that the UPUA distribute and promote the Coalition's letter to encourage more student signatures. It also recommends releasing the results of Penn State's 2018 sexual misconduct survey by October 1st and committing to conducting regular climate surveys in the future with input from student groups. The resolution acknowledges the advocacy efforts of current and former Coalition members on this issue.
Resolution 11.16 supporting the schreyer gender equity coalition open letterAnthonyAvella1
The Schreyer Gender Equity Coalition has released an open letter to the Vice President of Student Affairs at Penn State asking them to release the results of the 2018 Penn State Sexual Misconduct Survey and commit to completing future surveys. They reference promises made by Penn State's president in 2014 to administer regular climate surveys on sexual assault. The letter notes that without access to survey data, students do not have an accurate understanding of the prevalence of sexual violence at Penn State. It asks that the 2018 survey results be released by October 1st and that future surveys be conducted at least every three years to properly assess experiences of students from marginalized groups.
1.1 A Blueprint for Ending Youth Homelessness
Speaker: Katie Hong
How do we end youth homelessness? This workshop will summarize research and examine an emerging typology that can be used to inform and appropriately scale interventions to end youth homelessness. Presenters will describe strategies that are working to help young people reconnect with family and other caring adults when appropriate, and prepare to transition successfully to independent living with housing and supportive services.
This Cornell Project 2Gen in Albany event provided an opportunity for non-partisan, open dialogue about policy-relevant research on issues facing families impacted by the criminal justice system in New York.
This research brief summarizes a study on school engagement among families with criminal justice system involvement. The study found that paternal incarceration is associated with less involvement in school-based activities, likely due to system avoidance by fathers who distrust surveilling institutions like schools. However, incarceration did not impact home-based parental involvement like helping with homework. The brief concludes that schools can encourage involvement from previously incarcerated fathers by establishing a safe, non-surveilling environment and connecting families to supportive programs.
On 19 October 2021, over 500 researchers, practitioners, policymakers and activists from around the world gathered to take stock of what we know about the intersections between
violence against children and violence against women, identify existing knowledge gaps and discuss opportunities to increase coordination across efforts to prevent and respond to both
forms of violence.
This summary presents key takeaways from the event organized by UNICEF Innocenti, in collaboration with the Global Partnership to End Violence, the World Health Organization,
the Sexual Violence Research Initiative and the UK FCDO.
Effective solutions to end violence against children will require researchers, practitioners, and leaders to come together to take stock of what we know, bridge gaps across the field, and influence change through the use and generation of VAC evidence.
This webinar aimed to share evidence and foster discussion on intersections between violence against women and violence against children, highlighting opportunities for greater collaboration, to build knowledge, and to translate it into policy and programmes.
Opening remarks: Alessandra Guedes, Gender and Development Research Manager, UNICEF Innocenti
Presenting evidence:
- Clara Alemann, Director of Programs, Promundo, The Hague
- Manuela Colombini, Assistant Professor in Health Systems and Policy and Gender-based Violence, and Loraine Bacchus, Associate Professor of Social Science, LSHTM
- Chandré Gould, Senior Research Fellow, and Matodzi Amisi, Senior Research Consultant, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
- Isabelle Pearson, Research Fellow for the Gender Violence & Health Centre at LSHTM and Heidi Stöckl, Professor of Public Health Evaluation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Panel discussion:
- Paul Bukuluki, Associate Professor of Social Work and Medical Anthropology, Makerere University, Uganda
- Lina Digolo, Senior Associate, The Prevention Collaborative, Kenya
- Lori Heise, Professor of Gender, Violence and Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
- Santi Kusumaningrum, Co-founder and Director, PUSKAPA - Center on Child Protection and Wellbeing at Universitas Indonesia
- Tarisai Mchuchu-MacMillan, Executive Director, MOSAIC, South Africa
Closing remarks: Emily Esplen, Head of Ending Violence Team, FCDO, United Kingdom
Resolution 10.16 supporting the schreyer gender equity coalition open letterAnthonyAvella1
The document is a resolution from the University Park Undergraduate Association supporting the Schreyer Gender Equity Coalition's open letter regarding Penn State's campus climate surveys on sexual violence and misconduct.
The resolution recommends that the UPUA distribute and promote the Coalition's letter to encourage more student signatures. It also recommends releasing the results of Penn State's 2018 sexual misconduct survey by October 1st and committing to conducting regular climate surveys in the future with input from student groups. The resolution acknowledges the advocacy efforts of current and former Coalition members on this issue.
Resolution 11.16 supporting the schreyer gender equity coalition open letterAnthonyAvella1
The Schreyer Gender Equity Coalition has released an open letter to the Vice President of Student Affairs at Penn State asking them to release the results of the 2018 Penn State Sexual Misconduct Survey and commit to completing future surveys. They reference promises made by Penn State's president in 2014 to administer regular climate surveys on sexual assault. The letter notes that without access to survey data, students do not have an accurate understanding of the prevalence of sexual violence at Penn State. It asks that the 2018 survey results be released by October 1st and that future surveys be conducted at least every three years to properly assess experiences of students from marginalized groups.
1.1 A Blueprint for Ending Youth Homelessness
Speaker: Katie Hong
How do we end youth homelessness? This workshop will summarize research and examine an emerging typology that can be used to inform and appropriately scale interventions to end youth homelessness. Presenters will describe strategies that are working to help young people reconnect with family and other caring adults when appropriate, and prepare to transition successfully to independent living with housing and supportive services.
Resolution 08.16 commendation of ben locke, director of counseling and psycho...AnthonyAvella1
Ben Locke, the director of Counseling and Psychological Services at Penn State, announced he would step down in August 2021. During his time at Penn State, Mr. Locke worked to expand mental health services and make them more accessible to students. This resolution from the University Park Undergraduate Association commends Mr. Locke for his exceptional contributions to Penn State's mental health services and ensuring affordable counseling access for all students. It thanks him for his years of dedicated service to Penn State students and wishes him well in retirement.
Chamberlain college-of-nursing nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health newFaarooqkhaann
Determinants of health are factors that influence health status and include personal characteristics like genetics and behavior as well as social factors, access to healthcare, and environmental conditions. Healthy People 2020 identified determinants of health as one of its key focus areas. The document prompts the reader to choose one of five determinants of health from the Healthy People 2020 website - social and community context, health and healthcare, education, economic stability, or neighborhood and built environment - and explain why they feel it is most important for community health.
The document defines school violence according to the CDC and provides statistics from a 2013 national sample of high school students. According to the sample, 7.1% of students reported missing school due to feeling unsafe, 5.2% reported carrying a weapon to school, and 6.9% reported being threatened with a weapon on school grounds. The document advocates for a federal law that would regulate safety procedures in public schools to promote a safer learning environment for both students and faculty. Schools would assess their own needs by surveying students and staff, and develop customized safety plans including measures like increased security and improved emergency drills.
The document discusses four case studies of cities that have implemented data sharing initiatives across organizations to improve outcomes:
1) Louisville shares education data across schools and community organizations to assess program effectiveness and help struggling students.
2) Josephine and Jackson Counties in Oregon share health data between Medicaid and social services to ensure foster children receive medical and mental health assessments.
3) Milwaukee shares health data between primary care and mental health organizations to better integrate care for at-risk foster youth.
4) New York City established a program to share data across social services agencies to provide holistic, efficient, and timely assistance to children and families.
Housing Virginia began its work in 2014 in response to research showing the benefits of addressing housing, schools, and neighborhoods together. For two years it held a symposium with over 200 participants from housing, education, communities, and policy. Its current focus is creating a community process to discuss how strong connections between neighborhoods and schools create a virtuous cycle.
Resolution 05.16 continuation of racial justice roundtableAnthonyAvella1
The document is a resolution from the University Park Undergraduate Association (UPUA) to establish a second annual Racial Justice Roundtable. The roundtable would provide a forum for discussions between students, student leaders, and administrators about addressing racial inequities and advancing racial justice initiatives at Penn State University Park. It would be organized by the UPUA's Justice and Equity Committee and cover topics related to improving racial justice and social dialogue. The roundtable aims to identify ongoing issues and ways to enact policy changes to better advocate for racial justice on campus.
Chamberlain college-of-nursing nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health neweyavagal
nr 443 week 1 dq 1 healthy people new,nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health new,nr 443,chamberlain college of nursing nr 443 week 1 tutorial,nr 443 week 1 assignment,chamberlain college of nursing nr 443 week 1 help
Chamberlain college-of-nursing nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health newNoahliamwilliam
nr 443 week 1 dq 1 healthy people new,nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health new,nr 443,chamberlain college of nursing nr 443 week 1 tutorial,nr 443 week 1 assignment,chamberlain college of nursing nr 443 week 1 help
SAC360 Chapter 2 why is public health controversialBealCollegeOnline
Public health initiatives are often controversial due to tensions between social justice and market justice, individual liberty vs. the common good, and the influence of economic and political factors. There are also disagreements over moral issues. Public health measures may negatively impact businesses and limit individual freedoms, while benefits are long-term. Politics can interfere with the use of science in policymaking. These issues make it difficult to achieve reforms and improve health.
Maria_ARP_EDD577_Action_Research_Project_Chapters_1_2_3_4Maria Hill
This document provides an introduction and overview for an action research project proposal to implement a parenting course in a local jail. The goal is to reduce recidivism rates among incarcerated parents who complete the course. A needs assessment survey found support for offering parenting education programs in jails. A literature review found that parenting programs in prisons have reduced recidivism and improved family outcomes. The proposed research will compare recidivism rates of parents who complete the course versus rates for the general jail population.
This report summarizes the findings from the first year of a study evaluating 14 tribes that received grants to coordinate their Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and child welfare services programs. Key findings include:
1) Tribes implemented diverse service models and activities informed by their unique cultural practices to meet the needs of at-risk families in their communities.
2) Common services addressed family needs like violence prevention, substance abuse treatment, and parenting education. Supportive services included childcare and meeting basic needs.
3) Tribes worked with partners like family violence programs and improved coordination between programs through information sharing and cross-training staff.
4) Significant progress was made implementing system
The document summarizes agreed conclusions from 2004 on engaging men and boys in gender equality. It calls for (1) gender-equitable education, (2) engaging men as fathers in child-rearing and caregiving, and (3) institutionalizing the inclusion of men and boys in gender policies. It also analyzes a 2010 report on how national policies can promote gender equality by involving men in health, violence prevention, parenting, employment, and reducing gender-based violence. The study examines policy advances, challenges, and gaps in engaging men as equal partners.
The document discusses different types of data that states collect related to safe and drug-free schools, including truancy rates, incidents of violence and drug-related offenses, types of prevention programs and services provided, and student perceptions and behaviors related to drug use and violence. It notes challenges in collecting uniform and comparable data across schools and districts due to varying definitions and methods of data collection. Tennessee specifically collects data on suspensions, expulsions, victims of violence, and surveys of youth risk behaviors.
The document discusses underage drinking in New Mexico, which has the highest percentage of youth drinking before age 13 at 34.1% in Santa Fe County compared to the national average of 21.1%. It emphasizes the importance of primary prevention strategies, as they are the least costly approach. The core of prevention lies within the six strategies of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, including information dissemination, prevention education, and alternative activities. Several community resources for prevention in New Mexico are then listed.
The monthly parent communications meeting notes covered four main topics:
1) An overview of the district's continuous improvement program and efforts to get better through improvement teams.
2) A presentation of data from the state report card and changes to testing, curriculum, and graduation requirements.
3) Information about a $40 million race to the top grant being applied for including plans for a new tech high school and one-to-one computers.
4) A discussion of parent questions and concerns including understanding bullying, communicating with other parents, and the question of the month.
S1 Lynn Walsh Presentation geneva family 2014 - 30 june 2014sillitoe
This document summarizes a conference on sustainable family values as a means to create a stable and prosperous society. It discusses the decline in youth well-being globally, with rising rates of mental health issues, violence, and suicide ideation. The main risk factors for these issues are instability in the home environment like parental conflict, lack of supervision, and divorce. Presenters discuss how the family is the foundation for sustainable human development and that human beings are hardwired for attachment. They propose that strengthening family values through programs that support marriage and parenting can help address these social issues. The Universal Peace Federation is working internationally on interfaith collaborations and conferences to promote these ideas.
Running head CHILDREN OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE WARS 6.docxsusanschei
Running head: CHILDREN OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE WARS 6
Children of the Substance Abuse Wars
Tiffany Seace, Veronica Webb, Julia Krueger, Rachel Losey, Emelda Isaac, Angel Reid
BSHS/435
October 3, 2016
Dr. Vanessa Byrd
Children of the Substance Abuse Wars
Approximately 12% of children in the United States have one or both parents with substance abuse issues. According to David Sack (2013), more than 28 million American children have one parent who is addicted to alcohol but this addiction is not being discussed at home (Sack, 2013) and of those 11 million are under the age of 18 (Rodriquez, 2004). These children are at a higher risk of developing complex behavioral, academic, and emotional difficulties than other children. Children of addicts are four times more likely to marry an addict and are at risk of becoming a victim of abuse, neglect, or violence. Children of addicted parents are fiercely loyal to the parent. Adolescents are hesitant to open up and are vulnerable. They are reluctant to reveal parental confidences, even if they urgently need the help (Sack, 2013).
Statistics of Children from Parental Substance Abuse Backgrounds
It is important to analyze the severity of the problem before analyzing the effectiveness of counseling as a corrective measure. It is estimated that nearly 8.3 million children under the age of 18 live with at least one substance abusing/ dependent parent. Also, approximately more than half of child maltreatment cases in the United States were because of parental substance abuse in one way or another.
Kirisci et al. (2002) stated that recent research has found that children of substance-addicted parents are more likely to suffer neglect or abuse than those children who do not have an addicted parent. Additionally, comparable to inattentive mothers and fathers, numerous substance-addicted parents were also mistreated and/or neglected as children (Dunn et al., 2001; Connors et al., 2004; Cash & Wilke, 2003), and describe other disturbing incidents as adults and children (Cohen et al., 2008).
Wulczyn, Ernst & Fisher (2011) hypothesize that nearly 61% of infants and 41% of older children in the welfare system stem from families with active parental alcohol abuse issues. Children who enter the system as infants are more likely to spend a longer duration in care. Infants, especially those aged three months or younger, are more apt to be adopted and spend less or no time in group home placement. All children who enter out-of-home care are vulnerable to delays in social, emotional and cognitive development, which increases the risk of school failure, drug and alcohol abuse and criminality. The toxic stress levels that some infants endure links with developmental delays and poor outcomes for children who are the victims of abuse and neglect. Up to 80% of parents who are involved in the child welfare system are substance abusers, and many have had prior involvement with the system, either as chi ...
Running head CHILDREN OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE WARS 9.docxsusanschei
Running head: CHILDREN OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE WARS 9
Children of the Substance Abuse Wars
Tiffany Seace, Veronica Webb, Julia Krueger, Rachel Losey, Emelda Isaac, Angel Reid
BSHS/435
October 3, 2016
Dr. Vanessa Byrd
Children of the Substance Abuse Wars
Approximately 12% of children in the United States have one or both parents with substance abuse issues. According to David Sack (2013), more than 28 million American children have one parent who is addicted to alcohol but this addiction is not being discussed at home (Sack, 2013) and of those 11 million are under the age of 18 (Rodriquez, 2004). These children are at a higher risk of developing complex behavioral, academic, and emotional difficulties than other children. Children of addicts are four times more likely to marry an addict and are at risk of becoming a victim of abuse, neglect, or violence. Children of addicted parents are fiercely loyal to the parent. Adolescents are hesitant to open up and are vulnerable. They are reluctant to reveal parental confidences, even if they urgently need the help (Sack, 2013).
Statistics of Children from Parental Substance Abuse Backgrounds
It is important to analyze the severity of the problem before analyzing the effectiveness of counseling as a corrective measure. It is estimated that nearly 8.3 million children under the age of 18 live with at least one substance abusing/ dependent parent. Also, approximately more than half of child maltreatment cases in the United States were because of parental substance abuse in one way or another.
Kirisci et al. (2002) stated that recent research has found that children of substance-addicted parents are more likely to suffer neglect or abuse than those children who do not have an addicted parent. Additionally, comparable to inattentive mothers and fathers, numerous substance-addicted parents were also mistreated and/or neglected as children (Dunn et al., 2001; Connors et al., 2004; Cash & Wilke, 2003), and describe other disturbing incidents as adults and children (Cohen et al., 2008).
Wulczyn, Ernst & Fisher (2011) hypothesize that nearly 61% of infants and 41% of older children in the welfare system stem from families with active parental alcohol abuse issues. Children who enter the system as infants are more likely to spend a longer duration in care. Infants, especially those aged three months or younger, are more apt to be adopted and spend less or no time in group home placement. All children who enter out-of-home care are vulnerable to delays in social, emotional and cognitive development, which increases the risk of school failure, drug and alcohol abuse and criminality. The toxic stress levels that some infants endure links with developmental delays and poor outcomes for children who are the victims of abuse and neglect. Up to 80% of parents who are involved in the child welfare system are substance abusers, and many have had prior involvement with the system, either as chil ...
Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment Types of Maltr.docxmalbert5
Risk Factors for Child
Maltreatment
Types of Maltreatment
Physical abuse – nonaccidental injury
inflicted by a caregiver
Sexual abuse – the use of a child for the
sexual gratification of an adult
Psychological maltreatment
◦ Includes emotional abuse and emotional neglect
Neglect – act of omission
◦ Physical neglect
◦ Medical neglect
◦ Educational neglect
Types of Factors
Potentiating: increase risk for maltreatment
Compensatory: buffers, decreases risk
------------------------------------------------------
Transient – temporary
◦ Temporary unemployment, loss of a loved one
Enduring – ongoing; chronic
◦ Chronic unemployment; untreated mental health
issues
------------------------------------------------------
Applied to each level of analysis
http://faculty.weber.edu/tlday/1500/systems.jpg
Levels of Analysis of Each Instance of
Maltreatment
Macrosystemic: broad cultural values and beliefs
in the larger society
Exosystemic: social structures that form the
immediate context in which families and
individuals function (e.g., neighborhood, school)
Microsystemic: environmental setting that
contains the developing person (e.g., family,
classroom)
Ontogenetic: factors within the child
Macrosystemic Issues
Acceptability of violence
◦ Levels of violent crime, presence of weapons
◦ Levels of violence in media
◦ Acceptance of corporal punishment
Sexualization of children
Individualism
◦ Focus on nuclear family both fully responsible for and
controlling of children
◦ Geographical isolation of families with children
Values/definitions of work
Exosystemic Issue:
Poverty
Poverty as a stressor: inadequate resources,
feelings of disempowerment (becomes a
microsystemic issue)
Poverty places individuals in less safe
environments, requiring more parental effort to
protect
Poverty places individuals in resource scarce
environments
Increasingly poor urban areas are places to which
people are not committed - less sense of
community
Microsystemic Issues
History of abuse in parents
Mental illness in parents
Substance abuse in parents
Domestic violence
Problematic parenting practices
Lack of social support
Mental Health Issues in Parents
Mental illness impacts childrearing
Mental health issues increase risk of
substance abuse, especially in women
Personality disorders are thought to be
most common mental health problem
◦ Core component of an individual’s way of
perceiving the world
◦ Often go unrecognized as mental illness
among child welfare workers
History of Child Abuse in Parents
Child abuse in parents may result in
mental health issues (depression, PTSD)
Attachment impairment
Lack of modeling of appropriate parenting
behaviors
Substance Abuse
Direct physical effects on fetus
◦ Critical issue: should prenatal maternal
substa.
Research proposal emotional health and foster care adolescentsKaren McWaters
This document provides an overview of a proposed research study on the emotional health of adolescents in foster care. It discusses relevant literature showing common mental health issues like trauma, disorders, and behavioral problems among foster youth. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the South Carolina foster system through mixed methods. Focus groups and a standardized inventory will be used to assess emotions like depression, anxiety, anger, and self-concept among teen participants. The research seeks to identify ways to improve emotional care for adolescents and inform policies to support their well-being.
reply with three references H.R. 721 Mental Health Servic.docxWilheminaRossi174
reply with three references
H.R. 721: Mental Health Services for Students Act of 2021
Mental Health, we hear about it all the time. Mental health is a driving force in the media, when law enforcement officers in America, engage in a critical incident, involving a subject with “Mental health problems”. Mental health continues to take countless lives, from our Military Veterans, as each day passes. Children in school experienced an extreme disrupt in their daily lives, when they were forced to stay indoors, and attend school through a screen, in the early stages of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Homelessness in America is rising, and the amount of homeless Americans with untreated mental health issues is staggering. We don’t need to see a fact sheet, read a medical journal, or test subjects in a clinical trial, to be cognizant of the amount of persons with unattended mental health disorders, in America. American children’s health should be a priority, they are our future professor’s, philosophers, engineers, doctors, free thinkers; they are the future “Us”.
The Mental Health Services for Students Act of 2021, was introduced by Congresswoman Grace Napolitano. HR 721 passed in the house on May 12th, 2021. HR 721 has 86 cosponsors (82(D) & 4(R)). Since 2001, Congresswoman Napolitano has had this program implemented into 35 schools, which has shown to be extremely helpful (Facts on the Mental Health Services for Students Act, n.d.). With low funds nationally, for on site mental health care professionals in schools, HR 721 would provide additional funding. HR 721 will provide $130,000,000 in competitive grants. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Adminsitration (SAMHSA), would be delegated with distribution of funds. HR 721 would expand on
Project AWARE
, which is an educational grant.
Project AWARE
aims at educating and informing families, students, and school faculty about mental health.
Project AWARE
partners with state mental health agencies, where they train school faculty how to identify and respond to children with behavioral health issues (SAMHSA, 2020). HR 721 would expand on this program, by implementing on site mental health professionals in schools.
Personally, I support HR 721, from what I have researched thus far. The problem is, 49.4% of children in the United States did not receive treatment or counseling for a mental health disorder. (Whitley, G., 2019). According to the CDC, the third leading cause of death for adolescents aged 15-19 was suicide (CDC, 2021). Those two statistics alone, show the deprivation of resources and funding in the American school system. My husband, being a police officer, noticed a significant spike in “suicidal juvenile” calls, over the past two years. I myself, work on a occasion, at the juvenile detention facility. I have watched these children, over the past couple of years, destroy their lives due to untreated mental health illnesse.
The document discusses a new policy by the Department of Job and Family Services to remove children from homes where the parents or guardians have a history of abuse, neglect, domestic violence or drug/alcohol offenses. The policy is based on social learning theory but may do more harm than good. It could overwhelm foster care systems and cause psychological harm to children by separating them from loving families. It also fails to consider that children can learn aggression from many sources beyond just their parents. Overall, the policy is deemed unethical due to these risks of making children's situations much worse.
Resolution 08.16 commendation of ben locke, director of counseling and psycho...AnthonyAvella1
Ben Locke, the director of Counseling and Psychological Services at Penn State, announced he would step down in August 2021. During his time at Penn State, Mr. Locke worked to expand mental health services and make them more accessible to students. This resolution from the University Park Undergraduate Association commends Mr. Locke for his exceptional contributions to Penn State's mental health services and ensuring affordable counseling access for all students. It thanks him for his years of dedicated service to Penn State students and wishes him well in retirement.
Chamberlain college-of-nursing nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health newFaarooqkhaann
Determinants of health are factors that influence health status and include personal characteristics like genetics and behavior as well as social factors, access to healthcare, and environmental conditions. Healthy People 2020 identified determinants of health as one of its key focus areas. The document prompts the reader to choose one of five determinants of health from the Healthy People 2020 website - social and community context, health and healthcare, education, economic stability, or neighborhood and built environment - and explain why they feel it is most important for community health.
The document defines school violence according to the CDC and provides statistics from a 2013 national sample of high school students. According to the sample, 7.1% of students reported missing school due to feeling unsafe, 5.2% reported carrying a weapon to school, and 6.9% reported being threatened with a weapon on school grounds. The document advocates for a federal law that would regulate safety procedures in public schools to promote a safer learning environment for both students and faculty. Schools would assess their own needs by surveying students and staff, and develop customized safety plans including measures like increased security and improved emergency drills.
The document discusses four case studies of cities that have implemented data sharing initiatives across organizations to improve outcomes:
1) Louisville shares education data across schools and community organizations to assess program effectiveness and help struggling students.
2) Josephine and Jackson Counties in Oregon share health data between Medicaid and social services to ensure foster children receive medical and mental health assessments.
3) Milwaukee shares health data between primary care and mental health organizations to better integrate care for at-risk foster youth.
4) New York City established a program to share data across social services agencies to provide holistic, efficient, and timely assistance to children and families.
Housing Virginia began its work in 2014 in response to research showing the benefits of addressing housing, schools, and neighborhoods together. For two years it held a symposium with over 200 participants from housing, education, communities, and policy. Its current focus is creating a community process to discuss how strong connections between neighborhoods and schools create a virtuous cycle.
Resolution 05.16 continuation of racial justice roundtableAnthonyAvella1
The document is a resolution from the University Park Undergraduate Association (UPUA) to establish a second annual Racial Justice Roundtable. The roundtable would provide a forum for discussions between students, student leaders, and administrators about addressing racial inequities and advancing racial justice initiatives at Penn State University Park. It would be organized by the UPUA's Justice and Equity Committee and cover topics related to improving racial justice and social dialogue. The roundtable aims to identify ongoing issues and ways to enact policy changes to better advocate for racial justice on campus.
Chamberlain college-of-nursing nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health neweyavagal
nr 443 week 1 dq 1 healthy people new,nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health new,nr 443,chamberlain college of nursing nr 443 week 1 tutorial,nr 443 week 1 assignment,chamberlain college of nursing nr 443 week 1 help
Chamberlain college-of-nursing nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health newNoahliamwilliam
nr 443 week 1 dq 1 healthy people new,nr 443 week 1 dq 2 determinants of health new,nr 443,chamberlain college of nursing nr 443 week 1 tutorial,nr 443 week 1 assignment,chamberlain college of nursing nr 443 week 1 help
SAC360 Chapter 2 why is public health controversialBealCollegeOnline
Public health initiatives are often controversial due to tensions between social justice and market justice, individual liberty vs. the common good, and the influence of economic and political factors. There are also disagreements over moral issues. Public health measures may negatively impact businesses and limit individual freedoms, while benefits are long-term. Politics can interfere with the use of science in policymaking. These issues make it difficult to achieve reforms and improve health.
Maria_ARP_EDD577_Action_Research_Project_Chapters_1_2_3_4Maria Hill
This document provides an introduction and overview for an action research project proposal to implement a parenting course in a local jail. The goal is to reduce recidivism rates among incarcerated parents who complete the course. A needs assessment survey found support for offering parenting education programs in jails. A literature review found that parenting programs in prisons have reduced recidivism and improved family outcomes. The proposed research will compare recidivism rates of parents who complete the course versus rates for the general jail population.
This report summarizes the findings from the first year of a study evaluating 14 tribes that received grants to coordinate their Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and child welfare services programs. Key findings include:
1) Tribes implemented diverse service models and activities informed by their unique cultural practices to meet the needs of at-risk families in their communities.
2) Common services addressed family needs like violence prevention, substance abuse treatment, and parenting education. Supportive services included childcare and meeting basic needs.
3) Tribes worked with partners like family violence programs and improved coordination between programs through information sharing and cross-training staff.
4) Significant progress was made implementing system
The document summarizes agreed conclusions from 2004 on engaging men and boys in gender equality. It calls for (1) gender-equitable education, (2) engaging men as fathers in child-rearing and caregiving, and (3) institutionalizing the inclusion of men and boys in gender policies. It also analyzes a 2010 report on how national policies can promote gender equality by involving men in health, violence prevention, parenting, employment, and reducing gender-based violence. The study examines policy advances, challenges, and gaps in engaging men as equal partners.
The document discusses different types of data that states collect related to safe and drug-free schools, including truancy rates, incidents of violence and drug-related offenses, types of prevention programs and services provided, and student perceptions and behaviors related to drug use and violence. It notes challenges in collecting uniform and comparable data across schools and districts due to varying definitions and methods of data collection. Tennessee specifically collects data on suspensions, expulsions, victims of violence, and surveys of youth risk behaviors.
The document discusses underage drinking in New Mexico, which has the highest percentage of youth drinking before age 13 at 34.1% in Santa Fe County compared to the national average of 21.1%. It emphasizes the importance of primary prevention strategies, as they are the least costly approach. The core of prevention lies within the six strategies of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, including information dissemination, prevention education, and alternative activities. Several community resources for prevention in New Mexico are then listed.
The monthly parent communications meeting notes covered four main topics:
1) An overview of the district's continuous improvement program and efforts to get better through improvement teams.
2) A presentation of data from the state report card and changes to testing, curriculum, and graduation requirements.
3) Information about a $40 million race to the top grant being applied for including plans for a new tech high school and one-to-one computers.
4) A discussion of parent questions and concerns including understanding bullying, communicating with other parents, and the question of the month.
S1 Lynn Walsh Presentation geneva family 2014 - 30 june 2014sillitoe
This document summarizes a conference on sustainable family values as a means to create a stable and prosperous society. It discusses the decline in youth well-being globally, with rising rates of mental health issues, violence, and suicide ideation. The main risk factors for these issues are instability in the home environment like parental conflict, lack of supervision, and divorce. Presenters discuss how the family is the foundation for sustainable human development and that human beings are hardwired for attachment. They propose that strengthening family values through programs that support marriage and parenting can help address these social issues. The Universal Peace Federation is working internationally on interfaith collaborations and conferences to promote these ideas.
Running head CHILDREN OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE WARS 6.docxsusanschei
Running head: CHILDREN OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE WARS 6
Children of the Substance Abuse Wars
Tiffany Seace, Veronica Webb, Julia Krueger, Rachel Losey, Emelda Isaac, Angel Reid
BSHS/435
October 3, 2016
Dr. Vanessa Byrd
Children of the Substance Abuse Wars
Approximately 12% of children in the United States have one or both parents with substance abuse issues. According to David Sack (2013), more than 28 million American children have one parent who is addicted to alcohol but this addiction is not being discussed at home (Sack, 2013) and of those 11 million are under the age of 18 (Rodriquez, 2004). These children are at a higher risk of developing complex behavioral, academic, and emotional difficulties than other children. Children of addicts are four times more likely to marry an addict and are at risk of becoming a victim of abuse, neglect, or violence. Children of addicted parents are fiercely loyal to the parent. Adolescents are hesitant to open up and are vulnerable. They are reluctant to reveal parental confidences, even if they urgently need the help (Sack, 2013).
Statistics of Children from Parental Substance Abuse Backgrounds
It is important to analyze the severity of the problem before analyzing the effectiveness of counseling as a corrective measure. It is estimated that nearly 8.3 million children under the age of 18 live with at least one substance abusing/ dependent parent. Also, approximately more than half of child maltreatment cases in the United States were because of parental substance abuse in one way or another.
Kirisci et al. (2002) stated that recent research has found that children of substance-addicted parents are more likely to suffer neglect or abuse than those children who do not have an addicted parent. Additionally, comparable to inattentive mothers and fathers, numerous substance-addicted parents were also mistreated and/or neglected as children (Dunn et al., 2001; Connors et al., 2004; Cash & Wilke, 2003), and describe other disturbing incidents as adults and children (Cohen et al., 2008).
Wulczyn, Ernst & Fisher (2011) hypothesize that nearly 61% of infants and 41% of older children in the welfare system stem from families with active parental alcohol abuse issues. Children who enter the system as infants are more likely to spend a longer duration in care. Infants, especially those aged three months or younger, are more apt to be adopted and spend less or no time in group home placement. All children who enter out-of-home care are vulnerable to delays in social, emotional and cognitive development, which increases the risk of school failure, drug and alcohol abuse and criminality. The toxic stress levels that some infants endure links with developmental delays and poor outcomes for children who are the victims of abuse and neglect. Up to 80% of parents who are involved in the child welfare system are substance abusers, and many have had prior involvement with the system, either as chi ...
Running head CHILDREN OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE WARS 9.docxsusanschei
Running head: CHILDREN OF THE SUBSTANCE ABUSE WARS 9
Children of the Substance Abuse Wars
Tiffany Seace, Veronica Webb, Julia Krueger, Rachel Losey, Emelda Isaac, Angel Reid
BSHS/435
October 3, 2016
Dr. Vanessa Byrd
Children of the Substance Abuse Wars
Approximately 12% of children in the United States have one or both parents with substance abuse issues. According to David Sack (2013), more than 28 million American children have one parent who is addicted to alcohol but this addiction is not being discussed at home (Sack, 2013) and of those 11 million are under the age of 18 (Rodriquez, 2004). These children are at a higher risk of developing complex behavioral, academic, and emotional difficulties than other children. Children of addicts are four times more likely to marry an addict and are at risk of becoming a victim of abuse, neglect, or violence. Children of addicted parents are fiercely loyal to the parent. Adolescents are hesitant to open up and are vulnerable. They are reluctant to reveal parental confidences, even if they urgently need the help (Sack, 2013).
Statistics of Children from Parental Substance Abuse Backgrounds
It is important to analyze the severity of the problem before analyzing the effectiveness of counseling as a corrective measure. It is estimated that nearly 8.3 million children under the age of 18 live with at least one substance abusing/ dependent parent. Also, approximately more than half of child maltreatment cases in the United States were because of parental substance abuse in one way or another.
Kirisci et al. (2002) stated that recent research has found that children of substance-addicted parents are more likely to suffer neglect or abuse than those children who do not have an addicted parent. Additionally, comparable to inattentive mothers and fathers, numerous substance-addicted parents were also mistreated and/or neglected as children (Dunn et al., 2001; Connors et al., 2004; Cash & Wilke, 2003), and describe other disturbing incidents as adults and children (Cohen et al., 2008).
Wulczyn, Ernst & Fisher (2011) hypothesize that nearly 61% of infants and 41% of older children in the welfare system stem from families with active parental alcohol abuse issues. Children who enter the system as infants are more likely to spend a longer duration in care. Infants, especially those aged three months or younger, are more apt to be adopted and spend less or no time in group home placement. All children who enter out-of-home care are vulnerable to delays in social, emotional and cognitive development, which increases the risk of school failure, drug and alcohol abuse and criminality. The toxic stress levels that some infants endure links with developmental delays and poor outcomes for children who are the victims of abuse and neglect. Up to 80% of parents who are involved in the child welfare system are substance abusers, and many have had prior involvement with the system, either as chil ...
Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment Types of Maltr.docxmalbert5
Risk Factors for Child
Maltreatment
Types of Maltreatment
Physical abuse – nonaccidental injury
inflicted by a caregiver
Sexual abuse – the use of a child for the
sexual gratification of an adult
Psychological maltreatment
◦ Includes emotional abuse and emotional neglect
Neglect – act of omission
◦ Physical neglect
◦ Medical neglect
◦ Educational neglect
Types of Factors
Potentiating: increase risk for maltreatment
Compensatory: buffers, decreases risk
------------------------------------------------------
Transient – temporary
◦ Temporary unemployment, loss of a loved one
Enduring – ongoing; chronic
◦ Chronic unemployment; untreated mental health
issues
------------------------------------------------------
Applied to each level of analysis
http://faculty.weber.edu/tlday/1500/systems.jpg
Levels of Analysis of Each Instance of
Maltreatment
Macrosystemic: broad cultural values and beliefs
in the larger society
Exosystemic: social structures that form the
immediate context in which families and
individuals function (e.g., neighborhood, school)
Microsystemic: environmental setting that
contains the developing person (e.g., family,
classroom)
Ontogenetic: factors within the child
Macrosystemic Issues
Acceptability of violence
◦ Levels of violent crime, presence of weapons
◦ Levels of violence in media
◦ Acceptance of corporal punishment
Sexualization of children
Individualism
◦ Focus on nuclear family both fully responsible for and
controlling of children
◦ Geographical isolation of families with children
Values/definitions of work
Exosystemic Issue:
Poverty
Poverty as a stressor: inadequate resources,
feelings of disempowerment (becomes a
microsystemic issue)
Poverty places individuals in less safe
environments, requiring more parental effort to
protect
Poverty places individuals in resource scarce
environments
Increasingly poor urban areas are places to which
people are not committed - less sense of
community
Microsystemic Issues
History of abuse in parents
Mental illness in parents
Substance abuse in parents
Domestic violence
Problematic parenting practices
Lack of social support
Mental Health Issues in Parents
Mental illness impacts childrearing
Mental health issues increase risk of
substance abuse, especially in women
Personality disorders are thought to be
most common mental health problem
◦ Core component of an individual’s way of
perceiving the world
◦ Often go unrecognized as mental illness
among child welfare workers
History of Child Abuse in Parents
Child abuse in parents may result in
mental health issues (depression, PTSD)
Attachment impairment
Lack of modeling of appropriate parenting
behaviors
Substance Abuse
Direct physical effects on fetus
◦ Critical issue: should prenatal maternal
substa.
Research proposal emotional health and foster care adolescentsKaren McWaters
This document provides an overview of a proposed research study on the emotional health of adolescents in foster care. It discusses relevant literature showing common mental health issues like trauma, disorders, and behavioral problems among foster youth. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the South Carolina foster system through mixed methods. Focus groups and a standardized inventory will be used to assess emotions like depression, anxiety, anger, and self-concept among teen participants. The research seeks to identify ways to improve emotional care for adolescents and inform policies to support their well-being.
reply with three references H.R. 721 Mental Health Servic.docxWilheminaRossi174
reply with three references
H.R. 721: Mental Health Services for Students Act of 2021
Mental Health, we hear about it all the time. Mental health is a driving force in the media, when law enforcement officers in America, engage in a critical incident, involving a subject with “Mental health problems”. Mental health continues to take countless lives, from our Military Veterans, as each day passes. Children in school experienced an extreme disrupt in their daily lives, when they were forced to stay indoors, and attend school through a screen, in the early stages of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Homelessness in America is rising, and the amount of homeless Americans with untreated mental health issues is staggering. We don’t need to see a fact sheet, read a medical journal, or test subjects in a clinical trial, to be cognizant of the amount of persons with unattended mental health disorders, in America. American children’s health should be a priority, they are our future professor’s, philosophers, engineers, doctors, free thinkers; they are the future “Us”.
The Mental Health Services for Students Act of 2021, was introduced by Congresswoman Grace Napolitano. HR 721 passed in the house on May 12th, 2021. HR 721 has 86 cosponsors (82(D) & 4(R)). Since 2001, Congresswoman Napolitano has had this program implemented into 35 schools, which has shown to be extremely helpful (Facts on the Mental Health Services for Students Act, n.d.). With low funds nationally, for on site mental health care professionals in schools, HR 721 would provide additional funding. HR 721 will provide $130,000,000 in competitive grants. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Adminsitration (SAMHSA), would be delegated with distribution of funds. HR 721 would expand on
Project AWARE
, which is an educational grant.
Project AWARE
aims at educating and informing families, students, and school faculty about mental health.
Project AWARE
partners with state mental health agencies, where they train school faculty how to identify and respond to children with behavioral health issues (SAMHSA, 2020). HR 721 would expand on this program, by implementing on site mental health professionals in schools.
Personally, I support HR 721, from what I have researched thus far. The problem is, 49.4% of children in the United States did not receive treatment or counseling for a mental health disorder. (Whitley, G., 2019). According to the CDC, the third leading cause of death for adolescents aged 15-19 was suicide (CDC, 2021). Those two statistics alone, show the deprivation of resources and funding in the American school system. My husband, being a police officer, noticed a significant spike in “suicidal juvenile” calls, over the past two years. I myself, work on a occasion, at the juvenile detention facility. I have watched these children, over the past couple of years, destroy their lives due to untreated mental health illnesse.
The document discusses a new policy by the Department of Job and Family Services to remove children from homes where the parents or guardians have a history of abuse, neglect, domestic violence or drug/alcohol offenses. The policy is based on social learning theory but may do more harm than good. It could overwhelm foster care systems and cause psychological harm to children by separating them from loving families. It also fails to consider that children can learn aggression from many sources beyond just their parents. Overall, the policy is deemed unethical due to these risks of making children's situations much worse.
Bernadette Madrid, University of the Philippines, Director of the Child Protection Unit, Philippines - Parenting support in the context of violence prevention, Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
A Call to Action: Preventing Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Children with Intel...September Johnson
This document discusses childhood sexual abuse among children with intellectual disabilities. It notes that children with intellectual disabilities are 4.6 times more likely to experience sexual abuse compared to children without disabilities. Risk factors include dependence on caregivers, lack of communication skills, and lack of sex education tailored to their needs. The document calls for a proactive approach, including improved sex education lessons from an early age, ongoing staff training, and better recognition of signs of abuse. It outlines short and long-term consequences of sexual abuse, such as psychological and behavioral issues.
The document discusses how untreated and undiagnosed mental health issues in parents and children hurt families. Approximately one in five adults in the US experiences mental illness in a given year, equating to over 2.7 million adults in Florida alone. However, many children and parents do not receive needed treatment. This can negatively impact children's well-being and development. It also increases families' involvement with the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The current approach in these systems focuses on short-term case management rather than long-term treatment, which is what is needed to effectively address underlying mental health and substance abuse issues. Moving to a treatment-based model that provides comprehensive, family-focused support could help keep more families together
6Ashley WaddyENG 112December 3, 2015Child abuse and raci.docxevonnehoggarth79783
6
Ashley Waddy
ENG 112
December 3, 2015
Child abuse and racism
It is illegal to treat people differently or unfairly simply because they belong to a different race or culture. Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse are a major contributor to child maltreatment, poverty and neglect are highly correlated. Children as well as young people from black and minority ethnic groups experience racism which extends to impact the child’s wellbeing but may vary depending on many circumstances. Some people may view it as racism significantly damages children’s chances of fulfilling their potential; however, research suggests that the effects of racism on a child’s emotional as well as physical and psychological development may be profound since the harmful determinant of population health is in its infancy.
Child abuse that results from racism is the hardest form of prejudice to recognize because children are the one group that is viewed as naturally subordinate until a certain age is reached a stipulated age, they are the responsibility of their parents or guardians that have been accorded the responsibility of having custody of the children. The essential components of child abuse are a claim by adults to the effect that the child is there’s and they see fit to do exactly what they want, or children exist to serve, honor and obey adults.
Children can also experience racism because of what their religion or nationality may be. Racism that results to child abuse takes many different forms which are inclusive of written or verbal threats or insults, damage to property, including graffiti and personal attacks of any kind which includes violence. Consequently, a child that is subjected to any form of racism is more likely to have a negative self-image and low self-esteem, the role of anyone working with children or providing activities for them is to ensure the protection of children who may be vulnerable to racist bullying and racial abuse. Black and ethnic children are most likely to experience bullying than their white counterparts since white children usually witness racial bullying as bystanders as the most common expression of racism is through racist name-calling. Research shows that this form of racism towards children is often viewed by adults as trivial although there is some limited research evidence which shows that racial bullying frequently involves the
It is of great importance that all those who work with children to have a good understanding of how racism can harm children and have the ability to recognize when it occurs and deal with it. Training and awareness of the negative effects of racism and child abuse should be part of a group’s program of care for children or young people while using their services, and policies or procedures should be put in place to ensure that it clear that expressions of racism are unacceptable and the perpetrators of such victimization will be consequential.
The ulti.
This document discusses approaches to eliminating childhood violence. It argues that increased cooperation is needed between schools, child welfare systems, and police to identify abused children and those showing early signs of violence. It also suggests that exposure to violent media and entertainment may encourage violence in children. The document advocates for a no-tolerance policy for child abuse, increased funding for research on effective treatment approaches, and prioritizing treatment over punishment for violent children.
CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT 2
Child Abuse and Neglect
Introduction
Child welfare is one of the special areas of practice in social work. It is special in the context in which the principles and values that govern the social work profession align with policies that guide child welfare organizations. Child abuse is one of the major universal social problems that impact children from all types and levels of society. Child abuse can have a significant impact on the child's personality growth. More so, it can affect the child's adult behavior in later life. Therefore, it the role of the social workers to study the causes of abuse and treatment. Underlaying the efforts is the belief that all societies are responsible for creating an abuse-free society (Zeanah & Humphreys, 2018). This study aims to evaluate factors related to childhood abuse and neglect and social workers' role in alleviating the problem.
Nature and scope of child abuse and neglect
Child abuse is a devastating social problem in society. While the legal definition of child abuse and neglect may vary across different states, there are four recognized classifications of child abuse and neglect. They are sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, and neglect. They neglect medical, educational, and other forms of neglect. Almost 700 000 children are abused every year in the United States. That is about 1 percent of the total number of kids. In 2019, it was estimated that 1770 children in the United States died because of child abuse and neglect. However, the data is incomplete because there are likely to be a lot of unreported cases (Krugman & Poland, 2019). The most prone victims of abuse and neglect are the youngest children. That is children who are in the first year of their life. WWW points out that in 2019 children of 3 years and below experienced a mistreatment rate of 16 per 1000. For children aged 4 to 7 years, the mistreatment rate was 12 per 1000 population. For 8 to 11 years, the mistreatment rate was at 8 per 1000 population. The mistreatment rate goes on decreasing as the children age up. It is the responsibility of child welfare authorities to ensures the safety of children in the country.
Historical Background
For a long time, children have been considered as the property of their parents. Therefore, this notion assumes that parents hold the power of life and death over their children. Throughout history, there have been social provisions that seek to protect orphans and the abandoned children from abuse and neglect. The provisions covered only the orphans and the disabled. However. It is in the last 150 years that the state has made efforts to protect the rights of children by overriding the rights of parents. That means that during the era of the industrial revolution and the invention and introduction of compulsory education attendan ...
The document discusses issues with the current juvenile justice system in Arkansas and advocates for more community-based programs and services for at-risk youth as alternatives to incarceration. It notes that most youth who commit crimes desist from criminal behavior as they mature and that community programs have success rates over 90% in preventing recidivism. The costs of incarcerating one youth is over $131,000 annually whereas community programs save taxpayers millions by preventing children from lives of crime. It highlights real cases of youth helped by community support instead of incarceration.
Schools need to work more cooperatively with child welfare and police to identify at-risk children early. However, schools report less than 10% of violent crimes that occur on campus. Exposure to violence in media may encourage violent behavior in children. More funding is needed for research into effective treatment programs to prevent childhood violence. Punishment alone does not work and may increase recidivism; treatment programs and community support are preferable to incarceration.
Schools need to work more cooperatively with child welfare and police to identify abused children and those showing early signs of violence. However, schools report only 9% of violent crimes that occur there. Exposure to violence in media and entertainment may encourage violent behavior in children. To address childhood violence, more efforts are needed for preventing child abuse, training criminal justice professionals, controlling violent media, identifying at-risk children, and funding research into effective treatment programs rather than punishment and incarceration. A positive, strengths-based approach is important to help violent children learn and change.
The document summarizes three studies on factors related to child abuse and neglect. The first study found higher risks of sexual abuse in households with non-related parents compared to those with only natural or adoptive parents. The second study found a connection between abuse and ethnicity, with abused European-American children showing more aggression than non-abused children of the same ethnicity. The third study examined Munchausen syndrome by proxy cases in Japan and found most victims were male and the perpetrator was usually the biological mother.
The document summarizes three studies on factors related to child abuse and neglect. The first study found higher risks of sexual abuse in households with non-related parents compared to those with only natural or adoptive parents. The second study found a connection between abuse and ethnicity, with abused European-American children showing more aggression than non-abused children of the same ethnicity. The third study examined Munchausen syndrome by proxy cases in Japan and found most victims were male and the perpetrator was usually the biological mother.
IMPACTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN5Impacts MalikPinckney86
IMPACTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN 5
Impacts of Domestic Violence on Children
Name of the Student
Instructor
Institution
Course
Date
Abstract
The focus of the research will be oneffects of domestic violence on children with particular attention on those children brought up by intimate partners. Exposing children to domestic violence affects children psychologically, physically and emotionally. Literature suggests that domestic violence has lasting effects on children. This research will focus on children who have reached the school-going age from five years to thirteen years.
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
The study is aimed at researching and finding out the effects of domestic violence on children.
Scope of the Study
This study will focus on domestic violence in families from an intimate partner and how the children are affected by either being victims or witnesses.
The rationale of the Study
When children are exposed to domestic violence, their mental health is negatively affected. These are aspects that affect their ability to feel empathy and make them experience social discomfort. To understand the children's emotions, forensic psychologists use their expertise to assess and identify the sources of the problem.
The hypothesis of the Question
H1:Domestic violence affects the physical and emotional well-being of children
H2: Forensic psychologists provide wholesome support to children who experience or witness domestic violence
Key Concepts
Domestic violence: the abuse of power occurs when a partner physically or psychologically abuses or dominates the other.
Intimate partner violence: this is sexual, physical, or psychological abuse
Child abuse: this is emotional or physical harm by a caregiver to the child.
Forensic Psychologist: an expert in forensics and psychology.
Literature Review
Children living in an abusive home are more likely to experience social alienation. They are mentally affected and hence find it difficult to relate with others. According to Lloyd, this is an effect that affects their performance in school due to lack of concentration (2018). These children are also anxious because they can relate to the events taking place at home. Therefore, they perform poorly because of anxiety and fear that is directed towards adults, including teachers.
Maltreatment of the children affects them over a long time leading to emotional and psychological effects. The physiological changes are due to the effects on the child's brain. This leads to the changes that cause emotional stress and depression. According to Mallett and Schall, domestic violence against children is classified as criminal acts under the law (2019). The impacts they have can affect the future and mental stability of the child.
Although domestic violence is known to cause negative impacts on children, there are more cases not being reported. This is primarily due to the intimidation from the perpetrator (Sullivan, 2018). The child ...
2Source Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice.docxBHANU281672
2
Source: Elrod, P., & R. Scott Ryder (2021). Juvenile justice: A social, historical and legal perspective (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Introduction
Delinquency and the practice of juvenile justice occur not in a vacuum but in a social context. This does not mean that individual factors such as biological makeup and psychological functioning do not play a role in delinquency or the operation of juvenile justice. Nor does it imply that individuals do not make choices, often conscious choices, to engage in delinquent behaviors. However, it recognizes that individuals and the choices they make cannot be adequately understood without considering the social contexts in which they live and act. Social context also helps shape our views of juvenile crime and the operation of juvenile justice through the portrayal of delinquency and juvenile justice in the media. In fact, much of what most people (including many policy makers) know about juvenile crime and juvenile justice comes from the news media. However, the social context of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice comprises more than the media. In the United States, juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice are influenced by a variety of factors found in the political economy of the United States and in communities, families, schools, peer groups, and other important socializing institutions. How political and economic arrangements and socializing
institutions such as families, schools, communities, and peers influence delinquency is a primary focus of theory and research in the field of criminology. Indeed, courses in criminology, juvenile delinquency, and criminological theory focus attention on how factors such as economic inequality, school failure, residence in high-crime neighborhoods, child-discipline practices, child abuse, association with criminally involved peers, and many other factors are related to delinquency. Explanations of illegal behavior that refer to such factors compose a significant body of criminological theory. Moreover, theories are important, as Stephen Pfohl has noted, because they “provide us with an image of what something is and how we might best act toward it.”1 The development of good theories of delinquency, then, could be used to develop policies that reduce or prevent it. They can also be used to develop effective responses to youths involved in the juvenile justice process. The following reading is intended to help you can a better understanding of the relationship between social context and delinquency and how various risk factors within this social context influence youths’ behavior.
Individual Factors and Delinquency
Many individual factors have been found to be related to delinquent behavior. These factors are often referred to as risk factors because their presence increases the likelihood of delinquency or involvement in the juvenile justice process. These risk factors consist of biological, genetic, or psychological charac.
Similar to Criminal Justice and New York Families: 2Gen Scholars Briefs (20)
Cornell Project 2Gen is an initiative led by Rachel Dunifon and Laura Tach that seeks to create an interdisciplinary hub for research, policy, and practice to better support families throughout New York and beyond. Read about our first two years of work in this report.
Dr. Anil Netravali presented "New Petroleum Free World: Plant-Based Sustainable 'Green' Materials and Processes" at an April 2020 virtual meeting with New York State legislators and staff.
The document discusses the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid misuse and treatment in the United States. It notes that while opioid prescriptions and treatment were decreasing before the pandemic, COVID-19 could reverse this progress due to pandemic-related stress, social isolation, and strain on the healthcare system. Early data from Kentucky shows increases in opioid overdoses after the state declared an emergency. In response, policies have aimed to increase access to telehealth and take-home medication to maintain treatment during the pandemic. Continued policy adjustments will be needed to address impacts on the opioid epidemic.
Dr. Nicholas Sanders presented "Social Benefits of Air Quality: Environmental Policy as Social Policy" at an April 2020 virtual meeting with New York State legislators and staff.
Cultivating Resilience: Best Practices in Healthcare, Education, and EvaluationFrancesca Vescia (she/her)
On behalf of the Orange County Resilience Project, 2Gen Scholars researched best practices for cultivating resilience through a range of professional avenues.
New York is increasing its two-generational approach to child and adult poverty through a variety of programs overseen by the Office of Child and Family Services (OCFS).
Cornell faculty, staff, and students met virtually with New York State legislators and staff for non-partisan, open dialogue about policy-relevant research on issues at the intersection of environmental policy and health.
Systems Innovation at The Nexus of Transportation, Environment, and Public He...Francesca Vescia (she/her)
Dr. Oliver Gao presented "Paradigm Shift Towards Smart and Healthy Cities: Systems Innovation at The Nexus of Transportation, Environment, and Public Health" at an April 2020 virtual meeting with New York State legislators and staff.
Medicaid improves children’s health in the long term, improves education outcomes for children, and improves financial outcomes for children later in life.
This document provides an overview of evidence-based programs and practices for children and families. It defines evidence-based practices as programs that have been shown through rigorous experimental evaluations like randomized controlled trials to make a positive statistical difference in important outcomes. The document then lists several organizations and clearinghouses that identify and rate evidence-based programs. It provides links to each one so readers can search for programs that meet their needs. Finally, it notes some programs are no longer actively maintained and provides alternative resources.
Narcan, also known as Naloxone, is a prescription medication that can reverse an opioid overdose by blocking opioids in the brain for 30-90 minutes. There are two forms of Narcan, a nasal spray and injectable. Non-medical individuals can effectively administer Narcan to someone experiencing an overdose. If administered to someone who is not overdosing, Narcan has no effect. At over 2,000 pharmacies in New York, a person does not need a prescription to obtain Narcan.
People who inject opioid use either needles or syringes. Other individuals, such as people who have diabetes, also use these for medical reasons. These “sharps” require safe disposal.
It is not always easy to tell when people around us are struggling with drug use. If you are concerned about someone in your life, you can look out for the following warning signs and reach out to them.
The opioid epidemic has become a public health crisis in recent years. Factors that increase the risk of opioid misuse include experiencing physical or social hardships, mental health issues, substance use, and criminal activity. Opioids are both legal and illegal drugs, including prescription medications like oxycodone and hydrocodone as well as heroin. Addiction is driven by biological changes in the body and brain that occur quickly after regular opioid use. Prevention through education is key to addressing this epidemic and reducing stigma around addiction.
This Cornell Project 2Gen in Albany event brought Cornell faculty, staff, and students to the capitol for a day-long event bridging research and policy in support of New York Families.
This brief highlights common themes regarding treatment trajectories among participants in the Tompkins County Family Treatment Court and describes their feedback for the program.
This research brief examines trends in opioid misuse and child welfare outcomes in New York State between 2006 and 2016. It finds that increases in opioid misuse and rates of child maltreatment were geographically concentrated, with many counties in Central NY and the Southern Tier experiencing high increases in both measures. Specifically, 17 counties saw above-median increases in both opioid emergency department admissions and reported child maltreatment rates, indicating particular vulnerability in these regions. In contrast, most counties downstate like in the Hudson Valley saw below-median increases in both measures.
karnataka housing board schemes . all schemesnarinav14
The Karnataka government, along with the central government’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), offers various housing schemes to cater to the diverse needs of citizens across the state. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major housing schemes available in the Karnataka housing board for both urban and rural areas in 2024.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAYnarinav14
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
Criminal Justice and New York Families: 2Gen Scholars Briefs
1. Criminal Justice and
New York Families:
Policy Perspectives
April 30, 2019
Presentations:
Paternal Incarceration and Child Wellbeing
Christopher Wildeman
Provost Fellow for the Social Sciences, Director of the Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research
Director of the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect, Professor of Policy Analysis and
Management and Sociology (by courtesy) at Cornell University
The Multigenerational Possibilities of Prison Education
Jamila Michener
Assistant Professor in the Department of Government at Cornell University
2. This collection of research and program briefs was written
by 2Gen Scholars in the spring of 2019 as part of their
course “Bridging the Gap: Connecting Research and Policy
in the New York State Legislature.” For additional
information, please visit us at www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu
or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu.
3. Table of Contents
Research Briefs
Mental Health of Adolescents with Incarcerated Parents
Claudia Ro 1
The Familial Impact of Mental Health Criminalization
Jon Link 3
Post-Secondary Education in Prisons
Anna Lifsec 5
Educational Disparities for Children with Incarcerated Parents
Cameron Jessop
Visitation and Recidivism Rates
Halle Mahoney
Program Briefs
Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women: The First Prison Nursery Program in
the U.S.
Ashelyn Raven Pindell
Advice from the field: An Interview with the Alliance of Families for Justice’s Executive
Director, Soffiyah Elijah
Cindy Rodriguez
2GO: SafeCare Program Engagement among Temporarily Unavailable Parents
Elgin Ford, Jr.
7
9
11
13
15
Parenting Inside Out: An Evidence-Based Program for Incarcerated Parents
Rose Ippolito
17
4. z
RESEARCH BRIEF SERIES
April 2019
Mental Health of Adolescents with Incarcerated Parents
By Claudia Ro, Cornell University
Child Psychological Impacts of Parental Incarceration
Consequences are likely to persist throughout the life course and may contribute to teens’ problematic behavior
and intergenerational patterns of low achievement, criminality, and poverty.i,iii
1. Mental health risks and associated behavioral risks including internalizing behavior, suicide attempts,
depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
2. Emotional trauma and social difficulties due to exposure to parents’ criminal activity, witnessing the
parent’s arrest and court proceedings, separation from parents, loss of family income, housing instability,
changes in caregiving, stressful visits with the incarcerated parent, and shame or stigmai
o Stress, sadness, and fear leading to long-term reactive behaviors, coping patterns, and possible
criminal activityiv
Background
About 2.7 million children in the U.S. had a parent
in state or federal prison in 2010.i
Children of currently incarcerated parents were
two and a half to four times as likely to
experience various mental health problems
compared to those without an incarcerated
parent.iii
Children of formerly incarcerated parents were
nearly twice as likely to experience mental health
disorders compared to those without
incarcerated parents.iii
Policy Implications
Providing adequate and viable mental health care options for the children at the point of their parent’s
incarceration
o Develop psychosocial aid programs and encourage children with incarcerated parents to attend sessions
regularly
o Have community volunteers spend time with the children
Understanding the importance of parent-child relationships in terms of mental health
o Promote regular parent-child visitations in an environment other than prison, to the degree possible
Long-term consequences into adulthood
Heightened risk of psychological disorders and
poor behavioral outcomes
Paternal incarceration
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu.
1
5. References
i Glaze L, Maruschak L. Parents in prison and their minor children (NCJ 222984) Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics;
2008. Retrieved from: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=823.
ii La Vigne, N. G., Davies, E., & Brazzell, D. (2008). Broken Bonds: Understanding and Addressing the Needs of Children with Incarcerated Parents. URBAN
INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center. Retrieved March 1, 2019, from https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/31486/411616-Broken-Bonds-
Understanding-and-Addressing-the-Needs-of-Children-with-Incarcerated-Parents.PDF.
iii White River Academy. (2018, April 19). Youth with incarcerated parents are at risk of mental disorders - White River Academy -. Retrieved March 2, 2019,
from https://www.whiteriveracademy.com/adolescent-teens/adolescents-incarcerated-parents-higher-risk-mental-disorders/
iv Davis, L., & Shlafer, R. J. (2017). Mental health of adolescents with currently and formerly incarcerated parents. Journal of Adolescence,54, 120-134.
doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.006
v Incarceration and Mental Health. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.prisonerhealth.org/educational-resources/factsheets-2/incarceration-and-mental-
health/
vi Access to Mental Health Care and Incarceration. (2017, November 14). Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/issues/access-mental-health-
care-and-incarceration
2
6. RESEARCH BRIEF SERIES
April 2019
Familial Impact of Mental Health Criminalization
By Jonathan Link, Cornell University
Unintended Consequences of
Deinstitutionalizing Mental Health
Facilities
In 1963 President Kennedy signed the Community
Mental Health Act, which pushed for outpatient
care for individuals with mental health
conditions.i
Outpatient care originally emerged to better
integrate people with mental health conditions
into society and to halt inhumane practices within
facilities.i
In practice, a failure to provide community
support resulted in a mass release of people into
a society that was not prepared to support
mentally disabled individuals in meaningful ways.i Source: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/front-
line/shows/asylums/special/excerpt.html
Total Number of Inpatients
over Time
Community Mental Health Act of 1963
Arrests and incarceration
Key Findings in the Literature
The mass release of former inpatients led to a
re-institutionalization of those with mental
health conditions, this time in prisons.v
o Many former inpatients have been forced
to a life of homelessness and self-
medication, which culminated in arrests
and incarceration.
More than half of all people in prison report
having a mental health condition.iv
Parolees with mental health conditions are
twice as likely as parolees without a condition to
return to prison within the first year of release.vii
Closing of many mental health
facilities
Growth of outpatient care
Many former patients end up
homeless or self-medicating
Deinstitutionalization Timeline
3
7. Policy Implications
Mental health courts, which provide redirection for individuals with mental health conditions away from
incarceration, may have benefits in comparison to traditional criminal courts.iii
o Mental health courts may be even more effective if families are included in the redirection and future
planning. Family involvement may rebuild familial bonds and create realistic expectations.
o Increased awareness of mental health courts can help to keep individuals with mental health conditions
out of prison. Forty-six percent of current mental health court participants didn’t know they had the
option to participate beforehand.iii
Individuals should be held in prisons that are accessible to their families.
o Proximity to family members may protect children from the heightened risks of separation from a
parent, as well as provide benefits to individuals in prison with mental health conditions.
Incarceration of Mental Health through a 2Gen Lens
Since the closing of mental health facilities, family members have frequently become overburdened,
exhausted, or insensitive to former patients, creating familial tension and an uptick in homelessness.v
o Following incarceration, many familial ties are broken
o Families become even less inclined to support a person, exacerbating the risk of homelessness and
recidivism
Children of individuals with mental illnesses are often impacted because the love, attention, and stability that
a child needs from a parent is lacking.ii
o Children are frequently plagued with feelings of anger and guilt concerning their parent’s condition.
These feelings lead to an increased risk of drug use and poor social relationships for children.ii
o Children’s risk of future incarceration is also worsened upon parental incarceration.vi
References
i
Erickson, Patricia E., and Steven K Erickson. Crime, Punishment, and Mental Illness: Law and the Behavioral Sciences In Conflict. New
Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2008.
ii
Kvanstrom, Elisabet. “The Effects of Parental Mental Illness on Children and the Need for Healing.” Bridges to Recovery, 2016.
iii
Litschge, Christine M., and Michael G. Vaughn. “The Mentally Ill Offender treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004: problems and
prospects.” Journal Of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 20, no. 4(August 2009): 542-558. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed
April 15, 2017).
iv
Mizrahi, Jennifer L., et. al. “Disability and Criminal Justice Reform: Keys to Success.” RespectAbility—Disability and Criminal Justice, (2016)
1-41.
v
Rambis, Michael. “The New Asylums: Madness and Mass Incarceration in the Neoliberal Era” in Disability Incarcerated: Imprisonment and
Disability in the United States and Canada edited by Chris Chapman, Allison C. Carey, and Liat Ben-Moshe. New York, NY.: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2014.
vi
Travis, J., & Waul, M. Prisoners Once Removed: The Impact of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families, and Communities.
Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press, 2004.
vii
Wilson, James A., Peter B. Wood, Dissecting the relationship between mental illness and return to incarceration, Journal of Criminal
Justice, Volume 42, Issue 6, (November–December 2014): 527-537.
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu.
4
8. RESEARCH BRIEF SERIES
April 2019
Post-Secondary Education in Prisons
By Anna Lifsec, Cornell University
Benefits of Prison Education Programs
Incarcerated individuals who participate in prison education programs are 43% less likely to recidivate, or
return to prison, than those who do not.iv
o Lower recidivism is linked to fewer victims in communities, stronger neighborhoods, better local
economy, increased tax base, and reduction in incarceration costs.iv
Formerly incarcerated individuals who receive prison education are 13% more likely to obtain employment
after leaving prison.ix
o After the increase in employment, combined wages earned by all formerly incarcerated people would
grow by $45.3 million in their first year after release.ix
Prisons with higher education programs have less violence which allows for safer conditions for staff and
safer environments for those incarcerated.i
When parents attain a higher education, their children are more likely to also attend college, which disrupts
typical cycles of poverty and incarceration.i
95% of incarcerated individuals return to society. Therefore, when spent productively, their time in prison is
an investment in communities, public safety, and the humanity of the individual incarcerated.iv
Background
• The annual cost for incarceration in the United States is $182
billion.viii Reducing recidivism could lower this cost.
• In 2003, more than half of Americans had some postsecondary
education while only 14% of prisoners had the same level.vii
• Educational disparities may hinder prisoners’ ability to
reintegrate into society.
• In 1994 the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
ended Pell Grants, a key federal funding source, for students in
federal prisons.i
• In 2016, the Second Chance Pell Experiment made Pell Grants
eligible to some incarcerated individuals.i
• More than 28 states currently operate college programs in
prison.i
5
9. Policy Implications
Repeal Pell ban nationwide: Many universities and colleges are eager to start programs in prisons but simply
lack funding. Given that Pell grants are awarded based on income to anyone who qualifies, making Pell
grants available for incarcerated populations will not take away opportunities for other non-incarcerated
students. By repealing the Pell Ban on incarcerated individuals, colleges around the country will have the
funding to open programs in prison.
Pass state-level legislation: Tuition Assistance Grant (TAG) would give prisoners access to state financial aid
for college programs. This legislation, currently being passed in New Jersey, should also be implemented in
NYS.
Establish a commission on post-secondary correctional education: Establish a commission to examine,
evaluate, and make recommendations concerning the availability, effectiveness and need for expansion of
post-secondary education in the NYS prison system.
A one-dollar investment in prison education reduces incarceration costs by four to five dollars during the initial
three years after release.iii
Post-secondary education offers a 400% return on investment after 3 years for taxpayers.ii
Lower recidivism rates will save states a combined $365.8 million in decreased prison costs per year.ix
Prison EducationPrograms Yield Strong Return on Investment
References
i
“Expanding Access to Postsecondary Education in Prison.” Vera, 2017, www.vera.org/publications/postsecondary-education-in-prison-
fact-sheet-for-correction-leaders.
ii
Delany, Ruth., Subramanian, Ram., and Patrick, Fred. “Making the Grade: Developing Quality Postsecondary Education Programs in
Prison” Vera, 2016, www.vera.org/publications/postsecondary-education-in-prison-fact-sheet-for-correction-leaders.
iii
Patrick, Fred, and Jarrah O'Neill. “Rebuilding Lives, Families, and Communities through Education in Prisons.” Vera, 23 Mar. 2017,
www.vera.org/blog/rebuilding-lives-families-and-communities-through-education-in-prisons.
iv
Patrick, Fred. Personal interview. 7 March 2019.
vi
Ross, Jackie. Education From the Inside, Out - The Multiple Bene - Reentry Net. Jan. 2009, www.reentry.net/library/item.232249-
Education_From_the_Inside_Out_The_Multiple_Benefits_of_College_Programs_in.
vii
Supiano, Beckie. “3 Things to Know About Higher Education in Prisons.” The Chronicle of Higher Education, The Chronicle of Higher
Education, 31 July 2015, www.chronicle.com/article/3-Things-to-Know-About-Higher/232057.
viii
Torre, Michelle, et al. “Changing Minds: The Impact of College in a Maximum-Security Prison. Effects on Women in Prison, the Prison
Environment, Reincarceration Rates and Post-Release Outcomes.” ERIC.
ix
“Vera Institute.” Vera, 16 Jan. 2019, www.vera.org/newsroom/press-releases/new-report-postsecondary-education-in-prison-increases-
employment-among-formerly-incarcerated-cuts-costs-benefits-businesses.
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu. 6
10. RESEARCH BRIEF SERIES
April 2019
Educational Disparities for Children with Incarcerated Parents
By Cameron Jessop, Cornell University
Background
• In 2016, the incarceration rate in the United States
was approximately 860 per 100,000 people.i
• More than half of inmates have at least one child
under 18, resulting in 2.7 million children who
currently have a parent in prison or jail.i,ii
• As of 2010, 10 million children have experienced
parental incarceration.iii
Impacts of Parental
Incarceration for Kids
Having an incarcerated parent
Negative social stigma, less
parental support, increased
financial, and social stress
More behavioral issues, lower
grades, and higher dropout rates
The 2Gen Lens
• The 2gen framework emphasizes taking a whole-
family approach to programs to maximize benefits
for parents and their children.
• Parental incarceration has economic and mental-
health implications for all members of the family,
including long-term impacts for children.ii
• Programs serving both parents and children will
promote better educational outcomes for kids.
Effects of Parental Incarceration on
Children’s Educational Performance
• Overall, there is mixed evidence on the
educational outcomes of children with
incarcerated parents across school settings.ii
• Children in public schools who currently have or
have ever had an incarcerated parent perform
worse in school relative to other children who
have never had an incarcerated parent.iii
• These children are more likely to have behavioral
issues and face disciplinary action.ii,iii
• Controlling for race, IQ, poverty status, and
mother’s education, children with incarcerated
parents are more likely to drop out and/or
become incarcerated.v
• Individuals with a high school degree or less have
a greater change of entering the criminal justice
system.vi
7
11. Interventions in Other States
Alabama, Georgia, and Michigan
• Creates positive social circles for children with incarcerated parents
• Social circles help children engage with their communities, develop
confidence, and form healthy relationships.
Source: https://afoi.org/
Assisting Families of Inmates
Virginia
• Helps keep contact between incarcerated parents and children
• Caters to unique needs of children with incarcerated parents through group building, school intervention, and
household resource assistance
Source: https://afoi.org/
Policy Suggestions
• Most programs are small and local; scaling up programs is important for sustained improvement across
communities.
• Programs designed to help children deal with the stresses of having incarcerated parents do not address
larger societal factors such as the sources of mass incarceration and the negative stigma towards individuals
with an incarcerated family member.
References
i
Gramlich, John. (2018, May 2). America’s Incarceration Rate is at a Two-Decade Low. Retrieved from www.pewresearch.org/fact-
tank/2018/05/02/americas-incarceration-rate-is-at-a-two-decade-low/
ii
Murray, J., Farrington, D. P., & Sekol, I. (2012). Children's antisocial behavior, mental health, drug use, and educational performance after
parental incarceration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 175-210
iii
Shlafer, Rebecca J., Reedy, Tyler., & Davis, Laurel. 2018. School-based Outcomes Among Youth with Incarcerated Parents: Differences by
School Setting. J Sch Health, 87(9): 687–695.
iv
Turney, K., & Haskins, A. R. (2014). Falling behind? Children’s early grade retention after paternal incarceration. Sociology of Education,
87(4), 241-258.
v
Cho, Rosa Minhyo. 2010. Maternal Incarceration and Children’s Adolescent Outcomes: Timing and Dosage. Social Service Review 84, no. 2,
273.
vi
Harlow, Caroline Wolf. 2003. Education and Correctional Populations. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report.
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu.
8
Foreverfamily
Georgia
•
•
Assists children in coping with the stresses of having a parent in prison
Nurtures children emotionally, educationally, and socially
Source: https://www.foreverfam.org/
SKIP, INC.
12. RESEARCH BRIEF SERIES
April 2019
Visitation and Recidivism Rates
By Halle Mahoney, Cornell University
Visitation & 2Gen Implications
Provides face-to-face opportunities that support
family relationshipsii
Mitigates emotional or financial loss faced by
family when individual is incarceratedi
Creates support systems that can help individuals
find housing, gain employment, and access
prescriptions upon releaseiii
Background
The annual cost for incarceration in the United
States is $182 billion. viii Reducing recidivism could
lower this cost.
Over 60% of inmates nationally will be rearrested
within three years following release.i
For 70% of prisoners, phone calls are the primary
method of contact with loved ones during
incarceration.vii
Barriers to Visitation
1. Location of Facilities: Over 50% of prisoners with children live more than
100 miles away from where they lived before prison, and 10% live more
than 500 miles away.v
2. Administrative Policies: Prison policies can discourage visitation, create
financial burdens from costs of travel or background checks, and establish
inflexible visitation hours.v
3. Uncomfortable Settings: Visitation rooms are not user-friendly, they
generally do not have restrooms or vending machines, and are generally not
well-maintained. ii,v
4. Emotional Issues: Families and friends may be uncomfortable due to broken
trust.iv,vi
Less than
33%
of inmates in state
prisons receive a visit
from a loved one in a
typical month
What are the Benefits of Visitation?
Mental Health Family Relationships Self Esteem Social Adjustment
9
13. Reduced Recidivism
Rates
Visitation
Increased social contact
and support
Research Findings
A study in Florida found that the odds of recidivism for individuals
who received visitors were 30.7% lower than those who didn’t receive
visits.ii
Visits that occur closer to an inmate’s release date result in a 3.6%
decrease in rate of reconviction.ii,v
Community volunteer visits (clergy & mentors) reduced risk of
recidivism by 25% for re-arrest, 20% for reconviction, and 31% for new
offense reincarceration.vi
Research Limitations: Can’t control for the quality of relationships
between inmates and their familyi,v
Policy Implications
Reduce barriers to visitation
o Placement in correctional facilities close to where their family lives when appropriate
o Eliminate costs for family background checks
o Create clear and consistent visitation policies and visitation schedules
o Could incorporate technology (such as Skype) to reduce costs and increase visitation options
Policymakers should collaborate with community volunteer organizationsvi
o Volunteers (e.g., clergy, mentors) reduce costs of visitation programming
o Provide support before release for individuals who don’t receive visits from family
o Provide support after release to prevent recidivism
References
i
Atkin-Plunk, C.A. & Armstrong, G.S. (2018). Disentangling the relationship between social ties, prison visitation, and recidivism. Criminal
Justice and Behavior, 45(10), 1507-1526.
ii
Bales, W.D., & Mears, D.P. (2008). Inmate Social Ties and the Transition to Society: Does Visitation Reduce Recidivism? Journal of Research in
Crime and Delinquency, 45(3), 287-321.
iii
Cochran, J.C., Barnes, J.C., Mears, D.P., & Bales, W.D. (2018). Revisiting the effect of visitation on recidivism. Justice Quarterly, 1-28.
iv
De Claire, K. & Dixon, L. (2017). The effects of prison visits from family members on prisoners’ well-being, prison rule breaking, and
recidivism: A review of research since 1991. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18(2), 185-199.
v
Duwe, G. & Clark. V. (2013). Blessed be the social tie that binds: The effects of prison visitation on offender recidivism. Criminal Justice Policy
Review, 24(3), 271-296.
vi
Duwe, G., & Johnson, B.R. (2016). The effects of prison visits from community volunteers on offender recidivism. The Prison Journal, 96(2),
279-303.
vii
Rabury, B. & Kopf, D. (2015, October 20). Separation by Bars and Miles. Prison Policy Initiative.
viii
Wagner, P. & Radbury, B. (2017, January 25). Following the Money on Mass Incarceration. Prison Policy Initiative.
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu.
10
14. PROGRAM SPOTLIGHT SERIES
April 2019
Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women: The First Prison Nursery
Program in the U.S.
By Ashelyn Raven Pindell, Cornell University
Overview
Located in Beford Hills, NY, the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women is a maximum-security state-run
prison.vi It can support up to 44 mothers and babies.i Secure attachment between mothers and their children offer
protection from the stressors of incarceration.iii,iv
Founded in 1901, this is the oldest prison nursery program in the country. Since its inception, at least 8 other
states have adopted a prison nursery program.v
Program Components
Eligibility
Women with non-violent criminal offenses with no history of child abuse or neglect
who are the intended primary caregiver of the child after sentence completioniii
Undergo a mental health and physical health screening to be approvedii
Services Provided
Prenatal care, child advocacy office, a parenting center, infant daycare centeriii
Length of Program
Allows newborns to stay with their mothers for up to 18 months
If the mother is not set to be released within 18 months of giving birth, the child
may stay with the mother for up to 12 monthsii
Program Effectiveness
Better child behavior: 30% of preschoolers who
stayed with their mothers reported negative
behavioral outcomes, compared to 42% of
preschoolers who were separated from their
mothers at birth.v
Children who stayed with their mothers showed
significantly lower anxiety and depression levels
than children who were separated from their
mothers.v
Mothers who participated in the program were
less likely to return to prison compared to
women who had not participated.iv
Benefits of Participation
Newborn stayed
with mother
Newborn removed
from mother
Maternal Incarceration
Recidivism rate:
New offenses: 4.3%
Parole violations: 9.4%
Recidivism rate:
New offenses: 8.9%
Parole violations: 20.4%
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu.
11
15. References
i
Byrne, M. W., Goshin, L. S., & Joestl, S. S. (2010). Intergenerational attachment for infants raised in a prison nursery. Attachment & Human
Development, 12, 375–393. doi:10.1080/14616730903417011
ii
Caniglia, J. (2018, March 04). Growing up behind bars: How 11 states handle prison nurseries. Cleveland. Retrieved from
https://articles.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2018/03/growing_up_behind_bars_how_sta.amp
iii
Gilad, M., & Gat, T. (2013). US v. My mommy: Evaluation of prison nurseries as a solution for children of incarcerated women. NYU Rev. L. &
Soc. Change, 37, 371.
iv
Goshin, L. S., Byrne, M. W., & Henninger, A. M. (2014). Recidivism after release from a prison nursery program. Public Health Nursing, 31(2),
109-117.
v
Goshin, L. S. (2010). Behavior problems and competence in preschoolers who spent their first one to eighteen months in a prison nursery
program (Order No. 3447869). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (858865125). Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com/docview/858865125?accountid=10267
vi
Villanueva, C. K., From, S. B., & Lerner, G. (2009). Mothers, infants and imprisonment: A national look at prison nurseries and community-
based alternatives. Retrieved from Institute on Women & Criminal Justice Women’s Prison Association Web site: http://www. wpaonline. org.
Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women. (n.d.). In Wikipedia.
12
16. PROGRAM SPOTLIGHT SERIES
April 2019
Advice from the Field: An Interview with the Alliance of Families for
Justice’s Executive Director, Soffiyah Elijah
By Cindy Rodriguez, Cornell University
Since 2016, the Alliance of Families for Justice has been serving families involved in the criminal justice system. Read
on for additional information about their program and insights from Executive Director Soffiyah Elijah.
Who is Soffiyah Elijah?
Soffiyah Elijah is the
executive director of the
Alliance of Families for
Justice (AFJ), an
organization based in
New York City that
supports families of
incarcerated individuals,
empowers them to
become advocates, and
mobilizes them to
marshal their voting power to achieve systemic
change.
A former criminal defense attorney, Elijah’s extensive
courtroom experience is coupled with classroom
experience, as she served as deputy director and
clinical instructor at the Criminal Justice Institute at
Harvard Law School and as a member of the faculty
and director and supervising attorney of the Defender
Clinic at the City University of New York School of Law.
The Alliance of Families for Justice
(AFJ)
AFJ was established in 2016 to provide re-entry,
advocacy and legal support services, while also
advocating for the restoration of full citizenship rights.
The AFJ Model
Background
2.3 million individuals are currently incarcerated in
the United States.i
69,000 people are currently behind bars in New
Yorkii; 69,000 families are doing that time with
them.
New York imprisonment rates have been decreasing
over the last 15 years. In the last 5 years, appx. 50
prisoners died in NY prisons from lack of simple
medical treatments.iii
13
17. Policy Considerations
Q&A with Soffiyah Elijah
What makes the AFJ model successful?
Incarceration generates mental, emotional,
and spiritual trauma to both the individual
and their families. Families endure this
suffering without anywhere to turn or
resources to help them through these
traumas. The support system and resources
provided by the AFJ fill this gap.
Oftentimes families feel stigma and shame
associated with having a loved one
incarcerated. The AFJ has been created by
folks that understand, who can relate, and
can fill the gap in support that others
cannot. AFJ is an oasis and a safe haven for
families impacted by incarceration, as well
as those who were previously incarcerated.
What are your biggest challenges in terms of politics and
policy?
For so long families had to function under the radar due to
the stigma our society associates with incarceration. Most do
not understand the significant changes in the daily life of
those impacted by incarceration. Our goal is to shed the
cloak of shame and encourage individuals to become
advocates for their own needs and then needs of loved ones,
and—when comfort levels permit—provide training to
become advocates within their communities.
As an organization that intentionally seeks to help this
community, we constantly deal with the stigma of
incarceration as it pertains to fundraising and funding. In
policy, we encounter new forms of marginalization.
What advice would you give to policymakers?
In every turn, and especially when voting and sponsoring legislation, consider the impact on families and people
who are or were previously incarcerated. There is much to be done in terms of policy work. Take a deep look at the
abuses in prisons; deaths occur routinely at the hands of the Department of Corrections without any explanation or
sanction. These problems and deaths persist because it has been ignored by legislators.
Policy Implications
Consider:
Prioritizing rehabilitation and calling for transparency in
correctional systems
Acknowledging there is a systematic problem where racism
is rampant and that having one’s liberties taken away is a
punishment in itself
Increasing access to education and using tablets and online
resources to provide educational programming
Understanding that incarceration is a lucrative business at
the expense of families impacted by incarceration
Abolish:
Putting humans in cages and solitary
confinement
Jail time for serious mental health issues
Perpetual incarceration
Labor in prisons for pennies a day
Clause from the 13th Amendment in the
U.S. Constitution that allows slavery and
involuntary servitude as a punishment for
a crime
References
I
Sawyer, Wendy and Wagner, Pete. Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2019. Prison Policy Initiative. March 19, 2019.
ii
New York Profile. Prison Policy Initiative. 2018
iii
Blau, Reuven. Exclusive: 50 New York state prisoners died due to inadequate medical care over the past five years, death reports reveal.
New York Daily News. Nov. 12.2018.
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu.
14
18. References
PROGRAM SPOTLIGHT SERIES
April 2019
2GO: SafeCare Program Engagement among Temporarily Unavailable
Parents
By Elgin Ford, Jr., Cornell University
Overview
In 2018, Colorado’s Department of Human Services (DHS) 2Generation Opportunities (2GO) program awarded
$100,000 to the Routt County Department of Human Services (DHS) to support families with a temporarily
unavailable parent, including parents in the county jail.
Routt County DHS partnered with the Early Childhood Council and First Impressions to grow their SafeCare
program, which improves access to quality support services for young children and families.ii
The program was free and voluntary, targeting families with income 85% or less than the state median.
Key Takeaways
Serves vulnerable populations: A total of 1,752 unique families were enrolled in the SafeCare Colorado
program from January 2014 through June 2016. 68% reported an annual household income of less than
$20,000, and 62% had a high school education or less. As for the children served, 43% of those enrolled were
younger than age 2.ii
Promotes adherence to treatment: In 2017, 40.3 percent of clients were engaged in treatment services as
recommended in their transition plan 1 month after release.ii
Generates healthier home environments: Assessments completed by families at the beginning and end of
each topic showed improvement in skill acquisition on safety, health, and parent-child and parent-infant
interactions.i
Reduces child welfare involvement: SafeCare participants had zero open child welfare cases during the six
months following program completion.ii,iii,iv
Participation in Program
How does SafeCare help families?
Healthier
parent-
child
interactions
Fewer child
welfare
contacts
Safer
homes
Family Outcomes
Program Components
For families with children ages 5 and under
Lasts for 18 to 20 sessions over 4 to 6 months
Sessions are 1-1.5 hours long
Topics include:
o Managing challenging child behaviors
o Understanding children’s physical and
mental health needs
o Identifying and removing household
hazards
After completion of the program, families
receive monthly to tri-monthly check-ins
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu. 15
19. References
i
Colorado Department of Human Services. (2017, May 01). Evaluation of SafeCare Colorado parent support program shows strong outcomes
for vulnerable families. Retrieved from https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdhs/news/evaluation-safecare-colorado-parent-support-program-
shows-strong-outcomes-vulnerable-families
ii
Colorado State University. (2017). Social Work Research Center: Colorado Department of Human Services SafeCare Colorado Pilot Project
Evaluation Report. PsycEXTRA Dataset, 1-95. doi:10.1037/e357182004-001
iii
Gallitto, E, Romano, E, Drolet, M. Caregivers' perspectives on the SafeCare® programme: Implementing an evidence‐based intervention
for child neglect. Child & Family Social Work. 2018; 23: 307– 315. https://doi-org.proxy.library.cornell.edu/10.1111/cfs.12419
Self-brown, S., Osborne, M. C., Lai, B. S., De, V. B., Glasheen, T. L., & Adams, M. C. (2017). Initial findings from a feasibility trial examining the
iv
SafeCare dad to kids program with marginalized fathers. Journal of Family Violence, 32(8), 751-766.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.library.cornell.edu/10.1007/s10896-017-9940-5
16
20. -
PROGRAM SPOTLIGHT SERIES
April 2019
Parenting Inside Out: An Evidence-Based Program for
Incarcerated Parents
By Rose Ippolito, Cornell University
Background
Children with incarcerated parents are more likely to
experience antisocial and problem behaviors.ii
Parenting Inside Out (PIO) is designed to help
incarcerated parents improve their parenting skills and
prevent negative outcomes.ii
PIO is based on Parent Management Training (PMT)
and the curriculum is tailored to the unique
circumstances of families impacted by incarceration.i
Key Mechanisms
Protective factors including positive parenting can help
lessen the consequences of parental incarceration.ii
Cognitive behavioral intervention, which allows
parents to both learn and practice parenting skills
through multiple formats including videos and role
plays.ii
Parents that develop these skills and conceptualize
their parenting role during incarceration can engage in
positive parenting after release.ii
Program Components
Serves parents with children ages 3-11 years oldii
Developed by Pathfinders of Oregon in the early
2000sii
The curriculum and training are now publicly
available and are being used in jails, prisons, and
communities in other states.iii
Benefits of Participation
More
positive
parent child
interaction
Less
stress
Better
mood
2-Generation Perspective
Incorporates a 2Gen perspective, which
emphasizes using a whole-family approach to
maximize benefits for families.
In PIO, parents meet individually with the class
instructor to discuss their family circumstances
and to connect with services.ii
PIO focuses on both the adult’s parenting skills
and their individual well-being to benefit the
family as a whole.
Funding Sources
$2.1 million grant to the Oregon Social Learning
Center from the National Institute of Mental
Healthiv
Additional funding from: the Edna McConnell
Clark Foundation, the state of Oregon, and the
Oregon Department of Correctionsiv
17
21. -
Parenting
Skills Targeted
Positive
Involvement
Problem
Solving
Noncoercive
Discipline
Nonaversive
Discipline
Encourage
ment
Monitoring +
Supervision
Parents who
participated
had reduced
recidivism
and
reduced
substance use
after 1 year.
Program Impact
Randomized Controlled Trial: 359 parents in 4 prisons in Oregon were randomized to participate in the PIO
program or services-as-usual.ii All study participants were interviewed pre-intervention and post-intervention
and were followed after release from prison.ii
Results: Parents who participated in PIO were more likely to report better mood, less parent stress, and
more positive parent-child interaction (including visitation during incarceration) compared to parents who
received services-as-usual.ii
Post-Release: Parents who participated in PIO had reduced recidivism (less likely to be rearrested or report
being involved in criminal behavior) after 1 year and reduced substance abuse.iv
References
i Brestan, E. V., & Eyberg, S. M. (1998). Effective psychosocial treatments of conduct-disordered children and adolescents: 29 years, 82
studies, and 5,272 kids. Journal of clinical child psychology, 27(2), 180-189.
ii Eddy, J., Martinez, C., & Burraston, B. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of a parent management training program for incarcerated
parents: proximal impacts. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(3), 75-93.
iii
Implementing Parenting Inside Out. (n.d.). Retrieved from Parenting Inside Out
website: http://www.parentinginsideout.org/outcome-study/
iv
Outcome study. (n.d.). Retrieved from Parenting Inside Out website:
http://www.parentinginsideout.org/outcome-study/
For more information about Cornell Project 2Gen visit www.2gen.bctr.cornell.edu or contact us at project2gen@cornell.edu. 18