The document provides an overview of essential electrical concepts, including schematics, electricity terminologies, current, resistance, conductors, and non-conductors. It explains various circuit components such as resistors, capacitors, switches, and integrated circuits, alongside their symbols and characteristics. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding schematic diagrams for effectively reading and interpreting electrical circuits.

1. Schematic Diagram

2. Schematic Diagram
•Schematics are our
map to designing,
building, and
troubleshooting
circuits.

3. Electricity
•Electricity is the
phenomena associated with
the presence and flow of
electric charges.

4. ELECTRICITY TERMINOLOGIES
•Polarity
•Having two oppositely charged
poles, one positive and one
negative. Polarity determines the
direction in which current tends to
flow.
•Electrical circuits need to be checked
for polarity prior to energizing.

5. Current
•Electric current is a flow of
electric charge through a medium.
This charge is typically carried by
moving electrons in a conductor such
as wire. It can also be carried by ions
in an electrolyte. The current was
measured in amperes.

6. Resistance
•The electrical resistance of an
electrical element is the
opposition to the passage of an
electric current through that
element; the inverse quantity is
electrical conductance, the ease
at which an electric current
passes.

7. Conductor
•An electrical conductor is
anything that carries or moves
current. Copper is the most
common conductor and used in
wiring. Silver and gold also are
conductors. Some non metallic
conductors would be solutions
containing salts.

8. Non-Conductors
•Non-conductors are substance etc. that
does not easily conduct heat or electricity.
Those materials which cannot pass
electricity are known as non-conductors.
They do not pass electricity because they do
not have free electrons and ions to help in
flow of current. Non-conductors have large
resistance and zero conductivity. They are
widely used in coating of electric wires.
Plastic, glass, rubbers, ceramic are examples
of non-conductors. Moreover, they are also
known as insulators.

9. Dynamic VS Static Electricity
•Static electricity refers to the
accumulation of excess electric
charge in a region with poor
electrical conductivity (an
insulator), such that the charge
accumulation persists.
Dynamic electricity refers to the
movement of the charges in good
electrical conductors.

10. Resistors
•The most fundamental of circuit
components and symbols! Resistors on
a schematic are usually represented by a
few zig-zag lines, with two
terminals extending outward.
Schematics using international symbols
may instead use a featureless rectangle,
instead of the squiggles.

11. Capacitors
•There are two commonly used capacitor
symbols. One symbol represents a
polarized (usually electrolytic or
tantalum) capacitor, and the other is for
non-polarized caps. In each case there
are two terminals, running
perpendicularly into plates.

12. Switches
•Switches exist in many different forms.
The most basic switch, a
single-pole/single-throw (SPST), is two
terminals with a half-connected line
representing the actuator (the part that
connects the terminals together).

13. •Switches with more than one throw, like
the SPDT and SP3T below, add more
landing spots for the the actuator.

14. Electronic Components with
their Respective name
identifier

15. Switch

16. Capacitor

17. Resistor

18. Names and Values
•Values help define exactly
what a component is. For
schematic components like
resistors and capacitors, the
value tells us how many ohms
or farads they have.

19. Names and Values
•For other components, like
integrated circuits, the value
may just be the name of the
chip.

20. Names and Values
•The value of a
schematic component
calls out its most
important
characteristic.

21. Names and Values
•Component NAMES are
usually a combination
of one or two letters
and a number.

22. Names and Values
•The letter part of the
name identifies the type
of component – R’s for
resistors, C’s for
capacitors, U’s for
integrated circuits, etc.

23. Names and Values
•Component
name on a
schematic should
be unique.

24. R2
220

25. Names and Values
•Component names
help us reference
specific points in
schematics.

26. Names and Values
•The prefixes of
names are pretty
well standardized.

27. Name Identifier Component
R Resistors
C Capacitors
L Inductors
S Switches
D Diodes
Q Transistors
U Integrated Circuits

28. DC or AC Voltage Sources
•We can use either of these two symbols
to define whether the source is
supplying direct current (DC) or
alternating current (AC):

29. Integrated Circuits
•Integrated circuits accomplish such unique
tasks, and are so numerous, that they don’t
really get a unique circuit symbol.
Schematic symbols for an ATmega328
microcontroller (commonly found on
Arduinos),

30. Batteries
•Batteries, whether they’re those
cylindrical, alkaline AA’s or rechargeable
lithium-polymers, usually look like a pair
of disproportionate, parallel lines:

31. Fuse
•Fuses – devices which are generally
used to limit large inrushes of current:

32. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

33. What name identifiers are used for the
following:
•Resistor R
•LED D

34. Reading Schematics
•Understanding which
components are which on
a schematic is more than
half the battle towards
comprehending it.

35. Nets, Nodes and Labels
•Schematic nets tell you how components
are wired together in a circuit. Nets are
represented as lines between
component terminals.

36. Junctions and Nodes
•Wires can connect two terminals
together, or they can connect dozens.
When a wire splits into two directions, it
creates a junction. We represent
junctions on schematics with nodes,
little dots placed at the intersection of
the wires.

37. Junctions and Nodes
•Nodes give us a way to say that “wires
crossing this junction are connected”.

38. Activity
•Create a simple diagram of
a LED connected to a SPST
switch and a DC power
source.

39. Quiz