Fundamental of Electrical Circuits

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FUNDAMENTALS OF
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
1ST SEMESTER A.Y. 2023 – 2024
8:00 – 12:00 NN ; 1:00 – 2:00 PM
TUESDAY
Course Outline
• Chapter I. Circuit Topologies and DC Excitations
• Chapter 2. Electrical Properties of Materials
• Chapter 3. Passive Elements
• Chapter 4. Network Laws and Electric Circuit Theorems
• Chapter 5. Transient Response
• Chapter 6. Reactance and Impedance
• Chapter 7. Introduction to Single-Phase AC Circuits
• Chapter 8. AC Power Analysis & Sinusoidal Steady-State
• Chapter 9. Three-Phase Circuits
• Chapter 10. Transformer
Circuit Topologies and
DC Excitations
• Introductory Concepts
• Engineering & Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes
• Circuit Diagrams
• Basic Electrical Circuits
• Series-Parallel Circuits
• Learning Tasks
Overview on Circuit Topologies:
Arranging Furniture
in a Room

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Circuit Topologies:
Arranging Electronic Component in a Circuit
DC Excitations:
DC excitation is a bit like water flowing
through a pipe in a smooth and steady
manner, without any sudden bursts or
stops. Just like how we need a constant
and reliable flow of water to do things like
taking a shower or watering plants.
DC Excitations:
Electronic devices like phones,
computers, and lights also need a
constant and steady supply of
electricity to work properly.
Circuit Topologies & DC Excitations:
DC stands for "direct
current,“
DC excitation is like
providing a steady flow of
electricity without any
sudden changes. It's used
for things like powering
electronic devices that need
a continuous and reliable
supply of energy.

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Introductory Concepts
• Electricity
• Types of Electricity (Static & Dynamic)
• Atom
• John Dalton (Father of Atomic Theory)
• Electric Charge
• Protons, Electrons & Neutrons
Electric Current
is the rate of flow of electrons
in a conductor.
The SI Unit of electric current is
the Ampere.
Introduction
Basic Concepts of Electricity
A circuit is a loop through
which current can flow. A
power source, such as a
battery, provides the
energy for the circuit to
work.
What Is a Circuit?
Introduction to Electricity
The first documentation in the
history of electricity dates all the
way back to 500 B.C. when
Thales of Miletus discovered
static electricity by rubbing fur
on amber.

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Why is it called electricity?
The Greeks first discovered
electricity about 3000
years ago.
Its name came from the
word "elektron", which
means amber. Amber
What is Electricity
Electricity is a form
of energy, where
energy refers to the
ability to do work.
More specifically,
electrical energy
refers to the energy
associated with
electric charges.
How electricityworks?
It's generated when we move electrons
around. When we move that energy
down conductive wires, the electricity
travels.
is the basic of all matter.
They are very small and
consist of even tinier
particles.
Atoms are the smallest parts
of everything in the world.
Atom

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They join together
with other atoms
and create matter. It
takes many atoms
to create anything
Atom……………………..
Basic Particles making up the atom

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Whatarethebasicsofelectricity?

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Engineering & Scientific
Notation and Metric Prefixes

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Circuit Diagrams
A Circuit diagram
guides you in setting
up your electrical
components in the
right way to make
things work.

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Basic Electrical Circuits
An electrical circuit is
like a closed loop
pathway that allows
electricity to flow.
Circuit diagrams
use symbols and
lines to represent
complex electrical
components and
connections.
Importance of Circuit Diagrams
• Source gives power,
• Path carries the power
• Load does something with the power.
Parts of Circuits
SOURCE
LOAD
PATH
A block diagram is a simple way to show
how different parts or components of a
system are connected and work together.

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Electrical Circuits and Symbols
An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent
various electrical and electronic devices or functions.
A schematic diagram is a
representation of the
elements of a system
using abstract, graphic
symbols rather than
realistic pictures
A pictorial
diagram uses
pictures to
represent the
different
components of
a particular
system

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Circuitterminology:
Branch represents a single circuit
element like resistor, voltage source etc.
Node is a point in a network where two
or more circuit elements are connected.
Loop: Any close path in the circuit can be
called as a loop
Mesh: If the loop in the circuit does not
enclose any other loop inside it then that
loop can be called as a mesh.

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Series Resistors
When used in series, resistors can be
said to be a “voltage dividing network.”
This is because in a series circuit,
current flowing through each resistor is
the same value but the voltage present
across each resistor is only part of the
total circuit voltage value
Parallel Resistors
Resistors are in parallel if their
terminals are connected to the same
two nodes.
The equivalent overall resistance is
smaller than the smallest parallel
resistor
Series Parallel Resistors
Resistor circuits that
combine series and
parallel resistors
networks together are
generally known as
Resistor Combination
or mixed resistor
circuit.