Thermal and catalytic cracking are used to produce gasoline and other products from heavier hydrocarbon feedstocks. Thermal cracking uses high temperatures and pressures without a catalyst, while catalytic cracking uses lower temperatures and pressures with a catalyst. The document discusses the necessity of cracking, types of cracking processes, influential cracking parameters, and the TCC and FCC catalytic cracking processes. It concludes that cracking is an effective and economic method for producing gasoline and other products from heavier petroleum fractions.

1. CRACKING OF PETROLEUM
THERMAL AND CATALYTIC CRACKING
BY
S.M.NASIM ROKON (1311026)
MIRZA ANAM SHAWON (1311042)
AHMED SHAFIQ KOWSHIK (1311049)

2. REACTIONS
TYPES
NECESSITY
INTRODUCTION
INFLUENTIAL
PARAMETERS
TCC PROCESS
FCC PROCESS
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
CONCLUSION

3. Introduction
Higher boiling
hydrocarbon
Lower boiling
hydrocarbon
High T and P
Feed
Gasoline,
olefin, naptha,
coke
Endothermic reaction

4. Cracking plant
Distillation column Catalytic cracking plant

5. Necessity
Insufficient
gasoline
production
Coke and olefin
production
01
04
Reduction of
viscosity
03
Required high octane
number
02

6. Types of
cracking
Thermal
cracking
Catalytic cracking
T and P
Feed
Product
Catalyst
T and P
Feed
Product
Catalyst
450-750C
1-70atm
Gas oil, fuel oil, atm or
vacuum residue
Petrol, gas, coke
No
350-650C
1-15atm
Kerosene, fuel oil, gas oil
Petrol, diesel, coke
Pt, Ni, Fe, Cr, silica-
alumina

7. Types of
thermal
cracking
01
Low T high P
process
02
High T high P
process
Low P high T
process
03
Pyrolysis and
visbreaking
04

8. Pyrolysis
Mild thermal
cracking
High T low P
process
Feed raw crude
oil, kerosene,
natural gasoline
Unsaturated
Product i.e.
ethylene

9. Visbreaking
Reduce viscosity
Greater coking
tendency
Feed residue
from
atmospheric
distillation
Product with
lower viscosity

10. Reaction
01 02 03 04 05
Decomposition
and
destructive
condensation
Hydrogenation Dehydrogenation Polymerization Cyclisation

11. Influential parameters
01 02 03 04
Temperature Residence time Pressure Depth

12. Catalytic
cracking
process
Houdrys’s fixed
bed process
01
TCC moving bed process02
FCC process 03
Two stage FCC
process
04

13. TCC moving bed process
Furnace
Reactor
510C
Regenerator
550C
Cooler
Catalyst
hopper
Feed
Blower
Air
F
R
A
C
T
I
O
N
A
T
O
R
Light gas oil
Heavy gas oil

14. FCC process
Reactor
540℃
Regenerator
620℃
Feed
Air
F
R
A
C
T
I
O
N
A
T
O
R
Light gas oil
Heavy gas oil
Flue gas
Spent
catalystSpent catalyst
+ Air
Regenerated
catalyst

15. TCC and FCC plant
TCC FCC

16. Desirable properties of catalyst
Reactivity
PorositySelectivity
Hard and
strong
Surface
area
Regenerability

17. Conclusion
01 Effective
02 Economic

18. Thanks