Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms by sharing electron pairs. There are three main types of covalent bonds: single, double, and triple bonds which share 1, 2, or 3 electron pairs respectively. Covalent bonds can be nonpolar, with equal electron sharing between atoms of the same electronegativity, or polar, with unequal sharing between atoms of different electronegativities. Compounds with covalent bonds exist as gases, liquids, or solids and have properties such as being bad conductors and soluble in non-polar rather than polar solvents.

1. Chemical bonds
1- covalent bonds

2. Covalent bond
Definition: A covalent bond is…
a bond formed by the sharing of a pair of
electrons
There are three types of covalent bonds:
- single bond
- double bond
- triple bond

3. about covalent bond :
-* Formed between atoms of non-metals
-* There’re not conductors
-* stable non-ionizing particles

4. Single bond – one pair of electrons is shared.
Double bond – two atoms share two pairs of
electrons.

5. Triple bond – two atoms share three pairs of
electrons.
Bond lengths:
Triple bond < Double Bond < Single Bond

6. Non polar covalent bonds: A bond between
two nonmetal atoms that have the same
electronegativity and therefore have equal
sharing of the bonding electron pair.

7. Polar Covalent Bond: A bond between two
nonmetal atoms that have different
electronegativities and therefore have
unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair.

8. Properties:
-* exist as gases, liquids or solid.
-* bad conductor of electricity.
-* insoluble in polar solvent like water, but
soluble in non-polar solvents like benzene.
-* low melting and boiling points.