The document outlines key concepts and skills students should understand in 8th grade mathematics, including: - Understanding and applying different problem solving models and strategies. - Reading, writing, and working with real numbers in various forms such as integers, fractions, decimals, percents. - Knowing which operations to use to solve problems and justify answers. - Identifying proportional and non-proportional relationships. - Measuring and calculating the surface area and volume of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. - Using different data representations and recognizing when to apply them. - Understanding how changes in dimensions affect perimeter, area, and volume of shapes. - Using transformations and geometry to model the physical world.