- Many children struggle with math, with around 28% of 4th graders and 27% of 8th graders performing below basic level in key areas like numbers and operations. - Effective math instruction incorporates principles like setting high standards, engaging instruction, and representing numerical concepts visually. It also explicitly teaches key components like problem solving, communication, and applying math to everyday situations. - Teachers should use instructional methods that make math concrete, like manipulatives, and teach basic math facts through programs that emphasize varied activities to build engagement and mastery.