This document provides an overview of a COSMOSMotion Essentials Training course. The course covers topics like basic mechanism types, joints, forces, springs, dampers and contacts. It includes 8 lessons on simulating mechanisms like a governor, crankslider, piston mechanism and more. Advanced topics covered are attaching parts, modifying material properties, applying action-only and impact forces, and advanced plotting techniques in COSMOSMotion. The document outlines the topics, concepts and results covered in each lesson.
This document appears to be a training manual for using COSMOSWorks finite element analysis (FEA) software. It discusses various FEA topics like building FEA models, applying loads and restraints, meshing, and analyzing results. It presents several example modeling lessons, including static analysis of a plate, an L-bracket, and a differential assembly. Other lessons cover contact analysis, shell elements, connectors, and special modeling techniques like shrink fitting and symmetry conditions. The lessons are intended to teach users how to set up and solve different types of FEA simulations in COSMOSWorks.
Performance Optimization of Tie rod using FEAIJERD Editor
Structural performance of any mechanical component is measured basically in terms of its natural frequency, deformation, stiffness, maximum stress level, fatigue life etc. In case of vehicle suspension system; however tie rod is mainly under compressive and fluctuating forces encounter from steering and bumping of vehicle. When steering acts to turn the vehicle, tie rod comes under compressive load. And when vehicle running on rough road condition, fluctuating forces.
The document summarizes a senior design project to revise an existing biaxial tension and shear testing apparatus. The objectives were to redesign the grips to reduce bending and make the apparatus functional again. Solutions included lowering the top jack to eliminate bending moments on the bottom grips and reduce moments on top grips. The grips were also redesigned with thicker bases and longer reaches for easier specimen application. DC motors replaced stepper motors for simpler control. Testing showed reduced stresses in grips and efficient new controls.
Effect of gear design variables on the dynamic stress of multistage gearsAlexander Decker
The document describes a numerical model developed to simulate and optimize the dynamic stress of multistage spur gears. The model considers three design variables: module, pressure angle, and contact ratio. Simulation results showed that increasing module and decreasing pressure angle and contact ratio can increase dynamic stress levels. A module of 2.5 and contact ratio of 2.0 were found to yield the lowest dynamic stresses for the given multistage gear train design. The model can be used as a tool to determine optimal gear design parameters for minimizing dynamic stresses.
11.effect of gear design variables on the dynamic stress of multistage gearsAlexander Decker
This document presents a numerical model to simulate and optimize the dynamic stress of multistage spur gears. The model considers time-varying mesh stiffness and frictional torque. It was used to study the effects of three gear design variables - module, pressure angle, and contact ratio - on dynamic stress. Increasing the module increased stress levels, while a pressure angle of 25 degrees and contact ratio of 2.0 reduced stresses the most for the gear train studied. The model can be used as a tool to obtain optimal design parameters for a given multistage gear train.
This document summarizes a study on optimizing and reducing the weight of a universal joint yoke through the use of composite materials. The study first analyzes a conventional universal joint yoke made of SM45C steel using finite element analysis. It then models modified universal joint yokes made of carbon/epoxy composite and Kevlar/epoxy composite. Calculations of torsional strength, buckling strength, and bending natural frequency show that both composite designs meet requirements while reducing weight compared to steel. Static stress analyses and modal analyses using FEA are presented and compared between materials. The study aims to improve mechanical properties and reduce weight of universal joints through composite material optimization.
Design and Analysis of Loading Bracket for Landing Gear Strength TestIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a loading bracket used for landing gear strength testing. The loading bracket is designed to withstand heavy vertical, drag, and side loads experienced during testing. The design process involves selecting carbon molybdenum steel, theoretically calculating stresses under each load case, and verifying stresses using ANSYS simulation. The theoretical and ANSYS results are found to be within acceptable limits, confirming the design is sufficient to withstand testing loads.
The document summarizes a study comparing the mechanical performance of the SUTUREFIX Ultra soft suture anchor to two commonly used hard suture anchors (SutureTak and Gryphon) for shoulder labral repair. Key findings include:
- The SUTUREFIX Ultra anchor demonstrated significantly higher fixation strength and lower displacement following cyclic loading compared to the hard anchors, both in poor bone and bone with cortical layers.
- No SUTUREFIX Ultra anchors failed during cyclic loading testing, while some SutureTak and Gryphon anchors failed before completing 500 load cycles.
- The results suggest the SUTUREFIX Ultra soft anchor provides mechanical performance equal or superior to hard anchors, with potential
This document appears to be a training manual for using COSMOSWorks finite element analysis (FEA) software. It discusses various FEA topics like building FEA models, applying loads and restraints, meshing, and analyzing results. It presents several example modeling lessons, including static analysis of a plate, an L-bracket, and a differential assembly. Other lessons cover contact analysis, shell elements, connectors, and special modeling techniques like shrink fitting and symmetry conditions. The lessons are intended to teach users how to set up and solve different types of FEA simulations in COSMOSWorks.
Performance Optimization of Tie rod using FEAIJERD Editor
Structural performance of any mechanical component is measured basically in terms of its natural frequency, deformation, stiffness, maximum stress level, fatigue life etc. In case of vehicle suspension system; however tie rod is mainly under compressive and fluctuating forces encounter from steering and bumping of vehicle. When steering acts to turn the vehicle, tie rod comes under compressive load. And when vehicle running on rough road condition, fluctuating forces.
The document summarizes a senior design project to revise an existing biaxial tension and shear testing apparatus. The objectives were to redesign the grips to reduce bending and make the apparatus functional again. Solutions included lowering the top jack to eliminate bending moments on the bottom grips and reduce moments on top grips. The grips were also redesigned with thicker bases and longer reaches for easier specimen application. DC motors replaced stepper motors for simpler control. Testing showed reduced stresses in grips and efficient new controls.
Effect of gear design variables on the dynamic stress of multistage gearsAlexander Decker
The document describes a numerical model developed to simulate and optimize the dynamic stress of multistage spur gears. The model considers three design variables: module, pressure angle, and contact ratio. Simulation results showed that increasing module and decreasing pressure angle and contact ratio can increase dynamic stress levels. A module of 2.5 and contact ratio of 2.0 were found to yield the lowest dynamic stresses for the given multistage gear train design. The model can be used as a tool to determine optimal gear design parameters for minimizing dynamic stresses.
11.effect of gear design variables on the dynamic stress of multistage gearsAlexander Decker
This document presents a numerical model to simulate and optimize the dynamic stress of multistage spur gears. The model considers time-varying mesh stiffness and frictional torque. It was used to study the effects of three gear design variables - module, pressure angle, and contact ratio - on dynamic stress. Increasing the module increased stress levels, while a pressure angle of 25 degrees and contact ratio of 2.0 reduced stresses the most for the gear train studied. The model can be used as a tool to obtain optimal design parameters for a given multistage gear train.
This document summarizes a study on optimizing and reducing the weight of a universal joint yoke through the use of composite materials. The study first analyzes a conventional universal joint yoke made of SM45C steel using finite element analysis. It then models modified universal joint yokes made of carbon/epoxy composite and Kevlar/epoxy composite. Calculations of torsional strength, buckling strength, and bending natural frequency show that both composite designs meet requirements while reducing weight compared to steel. Static stress analyses and modal analyses using FEA are presented and compared between materials. The study aims to improve mechanical properties and reduce weight of universal joints through composite material optimization.
Design and Analysis of Loading Bracket for Landing Gear Strength TestIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a loading bracket used for landing gear strength testing. The loading bracket is designed to withstand heavy vertical, drag, and side loads experienced during testing. The design process involves selecting carbon molybdenum steel, theoretically calculating stresses under each load case, and verifying stresses using ANSYS simulation. The theoretical and ANSYS results are found to be within acceptable limits, confirming the design is sufficient to withstand testing loads.
The document summarizes a study comparing the mechanical performance of the SUTUREFIX Ultra soft suture anchor to two commonly used hard suture anchors (SutureTak and Gryphon) for shoulder labral repair. Key findings include:
- The SUTUREFIX Ultra anchor demonstrated significantly higher fixation strength and lower displacement following cyclic loading compared to the hard anchors, both in poor bone and bone with cortical layers.
- No SUTUREFIX Ultra anchors failed during cyclic loading testing, while some SutureTak and Gryphon anchors failed before completing 500 load cycles.
- The results suggest the SUTUREFIX Ultra soft anchor provides mechanical performance equal or superior to hard anchors, with potential
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Fatigue Strength Analysis of Spur Gear of Different Materials under Fu...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing the fatigue strength of spur gears made from different materials using finite element analysis (FEA). Spur gears made from structural steel and an aluminum matrix composite reinforced with spherical alumina particles were modeled and their behavior was simulated under varying torque loads. The FEA results for von-mises stress, fatigue life, and safety factor were compared between the two materials. The analysis found that the composite material gear experienced lower stresses and had a longer fatigue life than the steel gear. Therefore, the composite material showed better performance and is a suitable alternative to structural steel for spur gears.
Topology Optimization of Gears from Two Wheeler Gear Set Using Parametric StudyIOSRJMCE
: Gears are used to transmit motion from on shaft to another and it has wide variety of applications. One of the applications of gear is in automobile gear box. Gears generally fail when the working stress exceeds the maximum permissible stress. These stresses are proportional to the amount of power transmitted by the gears. This project intends to identify the magnitude of the stresses for a given configuration of a two wheeler gears transmitting power while trying to find ways for reducing weight of the gear. The philosophy for driving this work is the lightness of the gear for a given purpose while keeping intact its functionality thus reducing the material cost of the gear. Ease of incorporating the new feature for weight reduction over the existing process of manufacturing and the magnitude of volume of weight reduced could be considered as the key parameters for assessment for this work.
Design of Engine Mount Bracket for a FSAE Car Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
Engine mounts have an important function of containing firmly the power-train components of a vehicle. Correct geometry and positioning of the mount brackets on the chassis ensures a good ride quality and performance. As an FSAE car intends to be a high performance vehicle, the brackets on the frame that support the engine undergo high static and dynamic stresses as well as huge amount of vibrations. Hence, dissipating the vibrational energy and keeping the stresses under a pre-determined level of safety should be achieved by careful designing and analysis of the mount brackets. Keeping this in mind the current paper discusses the modeling, Finite Element Analysis, Modal analysis and mass optimization of engine mount brackets for a FSAE car. As the brackets tend to undergo continuous vibrations and varying stresses, the fatigue strength and durability calculations also have been done to ensure engine safety.
Fatigue or Durability Analysis of Steering Knuckleijsrd.com
This document discusses fatigue or durability analysis of steering knuckles. It explains that structural components like steering knuckles need to withstand constant fluctuating loads over time. Fatigue analysis evaluates failure based on repeated loading rather than just material strength. Steering knuckles experience multiaxial loads from multiple directions from components like the strut mount, lower ball joint, and steering rod. Accurately analyzing fatigue damage requires identifying these multiaxial stresses. The document aims to analyze the random loads acting on a vehicle's steering knuckle under unstable road conditions.
IRJET- Design and Finite Element Analysis(FEA) of Formula Student ChassisIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and finite element analysis of a Formula Student race car chassis. The chassis was modeled in Solidworks and analyzed in Altair Hypermesh. Several types of analyses were performed, including front impact, side impact, rear impact, bump, front/rear axial, front/rear torsional, lateral bending, and roll over analyses. The analyses calculated stress levels and displacements under simulated load conditions. Factors of safety ranged from 1.19 to 12.6, indicating the design would withstand the expected forces without yielding. Validation testing found the torsional rigidity to be 20-61.8% lower than FEA predictions, due to limitations of the physical test setup. The analyses and testing
Stress analysis on steering knuckle of the automobile steering systemeSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes stress analysis performed on an automobile steering knuckle. It first describes the modeling of the steering knuckle using CAD software and applying loads equivalent to real-world conditions. A finite element analysis is then carried out to determine stress distributions and areas of high stress. The results show maximum stress concentrations that need to be considered in the steering knuckle design to avoid frequent failures and improve reliability.
IRJET- Analysis and Performance of Ogrid Lateral Bracing SystemIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the performance of a new type of lateral bracing system called OGrid bracing through finite element modeling and analysis. OGrid bracing consists of circular braces connected to a moment resisting frame with welded joints. Models of OGrid bracing with different cross-sectional geometries for the brace (I-section, C-section, rectangular section) were created in ANSYS and subjected to lateral loading. The results found that the OGrid bracing with an I-section brace had the best ductility and load carrying capacity compared to the other sections. Therefore, this type of OGrid bracing shows potential for use in seismic-resistant structures.
IRJET- Design and Durability Analysis of Ladder Chassis FrameIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the design and durability of a ladder chassis frame for heavy-duty vehicles. The researchers designed the chassis frame model using PTC Creo software and analyzed it using Hypermesh FEA software. Their analysis subjected the frame to static loading conditions representing braking, cornering, and going over bumps. Initial results found the design passed normal loading but failed under high bump loading. The researchers then iteratively modified the design, focusing on reinforcing brackets, to improve strength and pass all loading conditions with safety factors above 1.
Design Optimization Of Chain Sprocket Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study that performed design optimization of a chain sprocket using finite element analysis. The sprocket was first designed and analyzed using ANSYS software for static and fatigue analysis. Based on the results, the sprocket design was optimized for weight reduction while ensuring it remained safe and reliable. The modified design was re-analyzed using static, fatigue, and modal analyses in ANSYS. The analyses confirmed the optimized design had reduced weight and stress while maintaining a sufficient safety factor and fatigue life for use.
Structural Integrating of Ladder Type Heavy Load Automotive Chassis and its O...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes structural analysis and optimization of a heavy vehicle ladder-type chassis.
2. The chassis is modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS to determine stress and deformation under load.
3. To reduce weight, a slot is created in the chassis frame in a region of minimum deformation. Optimization of the slot shape is then performed in ANSYS.
Finite Element Analysis of Pedal Power Hub dynamomsejjournal
The Hub Dynamos are built for electricity generation form the bicycle motion and they are in light weight
and have low frictional resistance. However they are still subjected to normal bicycle loading such as
bicycle frame, rider weight, acceleration, braking and cornering forces. The challenge is to develop a
lightweight hub housing and hub axle that can safely withstand the required loads. The present paper deals
with designing a Hub dynamo assembly using Solid Works Office Premium software. The assembly
comprises of the Hub shell, hub axle, internal gear assembly, armature, and fasters. Static structural
analysis was done using SW simulation software. The plots for equivalent von-misesstress plot, total
deformation plot were obtained and the design was continuously optimized till a safe design was
obtained.Maximum distortion energy theory was used for the analysis. The material assignment is as
follows: hub assembly- Aluminum Alloys 356.0 T-6, hub axle- ASTM A36 Steel and Gear Assembly
Bracket- Alloy Steel (SS).
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that modeled, simulated, and optimized the design of a steering knuckle component for a race car. Five initial CAD models of the steering knuckle were created and analyzed using finite element analysis to determine stresses, displacements, and weights. The best design was then optimized using shape optimization software to reduce weight while maintaining strength. The optimized design achieved a 45.8% reduction in mass while still meeting strength requirements.
ELECTRONIC SYNCHRONOUS SHAFT FOR SWIVEL AXES DRIVEN BY COUPLED SELFLOCKING WO...ijmech
Coupling worm gears in large machine tool manipulator units (axes) can lead to overload damages under some operating conditions, like asymmetrical driving and emergency stop. This behaviour is caused by the self locking characteristic of worm gears with small pitch. If operated in the direction opposite to the designated one, self-locking can occur in the gears, subjecting the gears to an arbitrary torque which can be destructive. This condition can occur without counter torque on the driving side. In most gears, tooth engagement is based on a rolling motion. The slip component increases with a growing axis angle between the paired gears. In case of worm gears, the axis angle is 90_, and therefore the coupling is purely frictious.This friction coupling is important in modelling. Especially the transition between the static and dynamic friction, where the system parameters change abruptly by a factor of two, should not be neglected.Based on the evaluated model a synchronous controller has been developed. This controller gives the oppertunity to drive swiveling axes with coupled selflocking gears by a standard gantry topology with an overlayed state changing master-slave topology
The document contains a series of questions and answers related to gears and gear design. It discusses topics like tooth interference, torque transmission ratios, speed reductions, minimum number of teeth, center distance calculations, and stress analysis. For each question, the relevant concepts and equations are explained to arrive at the solution. Gear terminology and relationships between different gear types and shaft arrangements are also covered.
IRJET- Human Universal Load Carrier for Enhancing Physical CapacityIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a passive universal load carrier exoskeleton to enhance human physical capacity. It aims to reduce fatigue and stress on workers who perform physical jobs that require lifting heavy loads. The exoskeleton is designed using stainless steel pipes and components like bearings and joints to redistribute load weight around the body and into the ground. Finite element analysis was performed to analyze stresses and safety. The design aims to provide increased load capacity while being cost-effective through the use of mechanical instead of electrical components. The summary provides an overview of the document's discussion of an exoskeleton's design and goals.
Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridge Using OPENSEESIJMER
The document discusses seismic assessment of an existing two-span bridge near Korti, India using the OpenSees software framework. The bridge is modeled using nonlinear fiber sections for the column and nonlinear springs for the abutments. Two earthquake ground motions are applied and the bridge response is analyzed to evaluate 11 performance groups. The demands on the bridge components are found to be within collapse limits and capacity, indicating the bridge response is acceptable under the ground motions and no retrofitting is needed to mitigate seismic risk.
Comparative Analysis of En 45 Steel & Thermoplastic Polyimide (30% Carbon Fib...ijsrd.com
This paper describes design and FEA analysis of mono leaf or single-leaf spring that consists of simply one plate of spring. The performance analysis of spring is under static loading condition. Due to the absorb and release property it is become a major factor in designing the leaf spring which is showing the replacement of steel springs with composite leaf springs. A current leaf spring is made up of a steel material which is having high weight, high corrosion, more noise and the property of material is changing when the load is acting and gives low natural frequency. Therefore, composite materials become the predominant alternative material for replacing the spring steels. The objective of this paper is to compare the load carrying capacity, strength and weight saving of composite leaf spring with that of EN45 steel leaf spring. The design constraints are stress, deflection and weight saving for comfort riding and enhancing durability of spring. Dimensions of the composite leaf spring are to be taken as same as conventional EN45 steel leaf spring used in TATA SUMO GOLD for rear suspension. A Finite element approach for analysis of mono leaf springs using ANSYS R15 software is carried out. Using CATIA V5R20 for modelling the leaf spring. The results are compared with the properties of EN45 steel and thermoplastic polyimide with 30% carbon fibre composite material.
This document summarizes research on in-orbit assembly of modular space systems using non-contacting, flux-pinned interfaces. The research aims to develop techniques that allow for passive assembly and reconfiguration of spacecraft in orbit without mechanical connections or active control. Experimental results showed the interfaces provided stiffness in 6 degrees of freedom. The research seeks to extrapolate these results to scale the technology for larger spacecraft and constellations assembled over longer periods, enabling reconfigurable or articulated spacecraft.
Feasibility Study and Design of Electromagnetic Suspension Systems: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review of research on the feasibility and design of electromagnetic suspension systems. It begins by comparing different suspension system designs and reviewing existing active and semi-active electromagnetic suspension systems. These systems use electromagnetic motors or magnetorheological dampers to sense the road surface and actively control wheel movement. The document then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different control strategies and mathematical models used to model vehicle dynamics. It concludes by proposing a hybrid electromagnetic suspension design that attempts to address limitations of current designs.
Beams on Elastic Foundation using Winkler Model.docxAdnan Lazem
This document appears to be a student project on analyzing beams on elastic foundations using the stiffness method. It includes chapters on introductions, literature review, theory, a computer program, and conclusions. The literature review discusses previous work on stiffness matrix methods and elastic foundation models dating back to the 1860s. It outlines some of the early development of these methods and key researchers who contributed to their advancement. The document will analyze beams on elastic foundations using the stiffness matrix method and Winkler elastic foundation model.
The document discusses a passive lateral load redistribution device (PLLR) designed to stabilize a vehicle during turns. Static, motion, and stress analyses were performed on the PLLR using manual calculations, Excel, and SolidWorks. Results show the PLLR is useful for cornering as it allows adjustment through springs and dampers. Further refinement is needed to optimize the design for specific vehicles by reducing weight while maintaining stiffness. The document lays the foundation for continued improvement but further investigation is still required regarding implementation and legal status.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Fatigue Strength Analysis of Spur Gear of Different Materials under Fu...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing the fatigue strength of spur gears made from different materials using finite element analysis (FEA). Spur gears made from structural steel and an aluminum matrix composite reinforced with spherical alumina particles were modeled and their behavior was simulated under varying torque loads. The FEA results for von-mises stress, fatigue life, and safety factor were compared between the two materials. The analysis found that the composite material gear experienced lower stresses and had a longer fatigue life than the steel gear. Therefore, the composite material showed better performance and is a suitable alternative to structural steel for spur gears.
Topology Optimization of Gears from Two Wheeler Gear Set Using Parametric StudyIOSRJMCE
: Gears are used to transmit motion from on shaft to another and it has wide variety of applications. One of the applications of gear is in automobile gear box. Gears generally fail when the working stress exceeds the maximum permissible stress. These stresses are proportional to the amount of power transmitted by the gears. This project intends to identify the magnitude of the stresses for a given configuration of a two wheeler gears transmitting power while trying to find ways for reducing weight of the gear. The philosophy for driving this work is the lightness of the gear for a given purpose while keeping intact its functionality thus reducing the material cost of the gear. Ease of incorporating the new feature for weight reduction over the existing process of manufacturing and the magnitude of volume of weight reduced could be considered as the key parameters for assessment for this work.
Design of Engine Mount Bracket for a FSAE Car Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
Engine mounts have an important function of containing firmly the power-train components of a vehicle. Correct geometry and positioning of the mount brackets on the chassis ensures a good ride quality and performance. As an FSAE car intends to be a high performance vehicle, the brackets on the frame that support the engine undergo high static and dynamic stresses as well as huge amount of vibrations. Hence, dissipating the vibrational energy and keeping the stresses under a pre-determined level of safety should be achieved by careful designing and analysis of the mount brackets. Keeping this in mind the current paper discusses the modeling, Finite Element Analysis, Modal analysis and mass optimization of engine mount brackets for a FSAE car. As the brackets tend to undergo continuous vibrations and varying stresses, the fatigue strength and durability calculations also have been done to ensure engine safety.
Fatigue or Durability Analysis of Steering Knuckleijsrd.com
This document discusses fatigue or durability analysis of steering knuckles. It explains that structural components like steering knuckles need to withstand constant fluctuating loads over time. Fatigue analysis evaluates failure based on repeated loading rather than just material strength. Steering knuckles experience multiaxial loads from multiple directions from components like the strut mount, lower ball joint, and steering rod. Accurately analyzing fatigue damage requires identifying these multiaxial stresses. The document aims to analyze the random loads acting on a vehicle's steering knuckle under unstable road conditions.
IRJET- Design and Finite Element Analysis(FEA) of Formula Student ChassisIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and finite element analysis of a Formula Student race car chassis. The chassis was modeled in Solidworks and analyzed in Altair Hypermesh. Several types of analyses were performed, including front impact, side impact, rear impact, bump, front/rear axial, front/rear torsional, lateral bending, and roll over analyses. The analyses calculated stress levels and displacements under simulated load conditions. Factors of safety ranged from 1.19 to 12.6, indicating the design would withstand the expected forces without yielding. Validation testing found the torsional rigidity to be 20-61.8% lower than FEA predictions, due to limitations of the physical test setup. The analyses and testing
Stress analysis on steering knuckle of the automobile steering systemeSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes stress analysis performed on an automobile steering knuckle. It first describes the modeling of the steering knuckle using CAD software and applying loads equivalent to real-world conditions. A finite element analysis is then carried out to determine stress distributions and areas of high stress. The results show maximum stress concentrations that need to be considered in the steering knuckle design to avoid frequent failures and improve reliability.
IRJET- Analysis and Performance of Ogrid Lateral Bracing SystemIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the performance of a new type of lateral bracing system called OGrid bracing through finite element modeling and analysis. OGrid bracing consists of circular braces connected to a moment resisting frame with welded joints. Models of OGrid bracing with different cross-sectional geometries for the brace (I-section, C-section, rectangular section) were created in ANSYS and subjected to lateral loading. The results found that the OGrid bracing with an I-section brace had the best ductility and load carrying capacity compared to the other sections. Therefore, this type of OGrid bracing shows potential for use in seismic-resistant structures.
IRJET- Design and Durability Analysis of Ladder Chassis FrameIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the design and durability of a ladder chassis frame for heavy-duty vehicles. The researchers designed the chassis frame model using PTC Creo software and analyzed it using Hypermesh FEA software. Their analysis subjected the frame to static loading conditions representing braking, cornering, and going over bumps. Initial results found the design passed normal loading but failed under high bump loading. The researchers then iteratively modified the design, focusing on reinforcing brackets, to improve strength and pass all loading conditions with safety factors above 1.
Design Optimization Of Chain Sprocket Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study that performed design optimization of a chain sprocket using finite element analysis. The sprocket was first designed and analyzed using ANSYS software for static and fatigue analysis. Based on the results, the sprocket design was optimized for weight reduction while ensuring it remained safe and reliable. The modified design was re-analyzed using static, fatigue, and modal analyses in ANSYS. The analyses confirmed the optimized design had reduced weight and stress while maintaining a sufficient safety factor and fatigue life for use.
Structural Integrating of Ladder Type Heavy Load Automotive Chassis and its O...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes structural analysis and optimization of a heavy vehicle ladder-type chassis.
2. The chassis is modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS to determine stress and deformation under load.
3. To reduce weight, a slot is created in the chassis frame in a region of minimum deformation. Optimization of the slot shape is then performed in ANSYS.
Finite Element Analysis of Pedal Power Hub dynamomsejjournal
The Hub Dynamos are built for electricity generation form the bicycle motion and they are in light weight
and have low frictional resistance. However they are still subjected to normal bicycle loading such as
bicycle frame, rider weight, acceleration, braking and cornering forces. The challenge is to develop a
lightweight hub housing and hub axle that can safely withstand the required loads. The present paper deals
with designing a Hub dynamo assembly using Solid Works Office Premium software. The assembly
comprises of the Hub shell, hub axle, internal gear assembly, armature, and fasters. Static structural
analysis was done using SW simulation software. The plots for equivalent von-misesstress plot, total
deformation plot were obtained and the design was continuously optimized till a safe design was
obtained.Maximum distortion energy theory was used for the analysis. The material assignment is as
follows: hub assembly- Aluminum Alloys 356.0 T-6, hub axle- ASTM A36 Steel and Gear Assembly
Bracket- Alloy Steel (SS).
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that modeled, simulated, and optimized the design of a steering knuckle component for a race car. Five initial CAD models of the steering knuckle were created and analyzed using finite element analysis to determine stresses, displacements, and weights. The best design was then optimized using shape optimization software to reduce weight while maintaining strength. The optimized design achieved a 45.8% reduction in mass while still meeting strength requirements.
ELECTRONIC SYNCHRONOUS SHAFT FOR SWIVEL AXES DRIVEN BY COUPLED SELFLOCKING WO...ijmech
Coupling worm gears in large machine tool manipulator units (axes) can lead to overload damages under some operating conditions, like asymmetrical driving and emergency stop. This behaviour is caused by the self locking characteristic of worm gears with small pitch. If operated in the direction opposite to the designated one, self-locking can occur in the gears, subjecting the gears to an arbitrary torque which can be destructive. This condition can occur without counter torque on the driving side. In most gears, tooth engagement is based on a rolling motion. The slip component increases with a growing axis angle between the paired gears. In case of worm gears, the axis angle is 90_, and therefore the coupling is purely frictious.This friction coupling is important in modelling. Especially the transition between the static and dynamic friction, where the system parameters change abruptly by a factor of two, should not be neglected.Based on the evaluated model a synchronous controller has been developed. This controller gives the oppertunity to drive swiveling axes with coupled selflocking gears by a standard gantry topology with an overlayed state changing master-slave topology
The document contains a series of questions and answers related to gears and gear design. It discusses topics like tooth interference, torque transmission ratios, speed reductions, minimum number of teeth, center distance calculations, and stress analysis. For each question, the relevant concepts and equations are explained to arrive at the solution. Gear terminology and relationships between different gear types and shaft arrangements are also covered.
IRJET- Human Universal Load Carrier for Enhancing Physical CapacityIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a passive universal load carrier exoskeleton to enhance human physical capacity. It aims to reduce fatigue and stress on workers who perform physical jobs that require lifting heavy loads. The exoskeleton is designed using stainless steel pipes and components like bearings and joints to redistribute load weight around the body and into the ground. Finite element analysis was performed to analyze stresses and safety. The design aims to provide increased load capacity while being cost-effective through the use of mechanical instead of electrical components. The summary provides an overview of the document's discussion of an exoskeleton's design and goals.
Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridge Using OPENSEESIJMER
The document discusses seismic assessment of an existing two-span bridge near Korti, India using the OpenSees software framework. The bridge is modeled using nonlinear fiber sections for the column and nonlinear springs for the abutments. Two earthquake ground motions are applied and the bridge response is analyzed to evaluate 11 performance groups. The demands on the bridge components are found to be within collapse limits and capacity, indicating the bridge response is acceptable under the ground motions and no retrofitting is needed to mitigate seismic risk.
Comparative Analysis of En 45 Steel & Thermoplastic Polyimide (30% Carbon Fib...ijsrd.com
This paper describes design and FEA analysis of mono leaf or single-leaf spring that consists of simply one plate of spring. The performance analysis of spring is under static loading condition. Due to the absorb and release property it is become a major factor in designing the leaf spring which is showing the replacement of steel springs with composite leaf springs. A current leaf spring is made up of a steel material which is having high weight, high corrosion, more noise and the property of material is changing when the load is acting and gives low natural frequency. Therefore, composite materials become the predominant alternative material for replacing the spring steels. The objective of this paper is to compare the load carrying capacity, strength and weight saving of composite leaf spring with that of EN45 steel leaf spring. The design constraints are stress, deflection and weight saving for comfort riding and enhancing durability of spring. Dimensions of the composite leaf spring are to be taken as same as conventional EN45 steel leaf spring used in TATA SUMO GOLD for rear suspension. A Finite element approach for analysis of mono leaf springs using ANSYS R15 software is carried out. Using CATIA V5R20 for modelling the leaf spring. The results are compared with the properties of EN45 steel and thermoplastic polyimide with 30% carbon fibre composite material.
This document summarizes research on in-orbit assembly of modular space systems using non-contacting, flux-pinned interfaces. The research aims to develop techniques that allow for passive assembly and reconfiguration of spacecraft in orbit without mechanical connections or active control. Experimental results showed the interfaces provided stiffness in 6 degrees of freedom. The research seeks to extrapolate these results to scale the technology for larger spacecraft and constellations assembled over longer periods, enabling reconfigurable or articulated spacecraft.
Feasibility Study and Design of Electromagnetic Suspension Systems: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review of research on the feasibility and design of electromagnetic suspension systems. It begins by comparing different suspension system designs and reviewing existing active and semi-active electromagnetic suspension systems. These systems use electromagnetic motors or magnetorheological dampers to sense the road surface and actively control wheel movement. The document then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different control strategies and mathematical models used to model vehicle dynamics. It concludes by proposing a hybrid electromagnetic suspension design that attempts to address limitations of current designs.
Beams on Elastic Foundation using Winkler Model.docxAdnan Lazem
This document appears to be a student project on analyzing beams on elastic foundations using the stiffness method. It includes chapters on introductions, literature review, theory, a computer program, and conclusions. The literature review discusses previous work on stiffness matrix methods and elastic foundation models dating back to the 1860s. It outlines some of the early development of these methods and key researchers who contributed to their advancement. The document will analyze beams on elastic foundations using the stiffness matrix method and Winkler elastic foundation model.
The document discusses a passive lateral load redistribution device (PLLR) designed to stabilize a vehicle during turns. Static, motion, and stress analyses were performed on the PLLR using manual calculations, Excel, and SolidWorks. Results show the PLLR is useful for cornering as it allows adjustment through springs and dampers. Further refinement is needed to optimize the design for specific vehicles by reducing weight while maintaining stiffness. The document lays the foundation for continued improvement but further investigation is still required regarding implementation and legal status.
Project report on the simulation and analysis of a planer slider crank mechan...kamalwolly
MBS computer programs are increasingly becoming the main tools for the design of complex
systems. Such computer programs allow for the simulation of the assembled system and they
automatically account for the effect of the joint constraints and moving boundary conditions. This
project provides me with the opportunity to learn how to use these programs in the
important durability analysis area.
Force Force and Displacement Matrix MethodAayushi5
The analysis of a structure by the matrix method may be described by the following steps:
1. Problem statement
2. Selection of released structure
3. Analysis of released structure under loads
4. Analysis of released structure for other causes
5. Analysis of released structure for unit values of redundant
6. Determination of redundants through the superposition equations.
7. Determine the other displacements and actions. The following are the four flexibility matrix equations for calculating redundants member end actions, reactions and joint displacements
where for the released structure
8.All matrices used in the matrix method are summarized in the following tables
Slope and Deflection Method ,The Moment Distribution Method ,Strain Energy Me...Aayushi5
This document provides information about the Design of Structure I course taught to 5th semester civil engineering students. It discusses the course objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and various structural analysis methods taught - Slope Deflection Method, Moment Distribution Method, and Strain Energy Method. The document focuses on the Slope Deflection Method, providing the theory, procedure, an example numerical problem, and derivation of slope-deflection equations for a continuous beam with 4 degrees of indeterminacy. It summarizes the steps to analyze a structure using the slope-deflection approach.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Nonlinear static simulation of automotive bumper of a passenger car in low sp...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the nonlinear static finite element analysis (FEA) simulation of an automotive front bumper. It describes the bumper components and their purpose in absorbing impact forces during collisions. Experimental testing of the bumper was conducted according to standard procedures. The bumper CAD model was meshed and simulated under static loads applied at different points. The simulation results showed displacements up to 31.5 mm under 250 N of load. Comparison to physical test data found errors ranging from 3.4% to 28.36% due to factors like contact modeling, meshing issues, and differences in the material model. Improving the modeling of these factors led to better correlation between simulation and test results.
This document describes a summer research project to develop a device for applying sub-wavelength ruling lines on optical surfaces. The goal is to mimic the structures found in moth eyes, which provide benefits like anti-reflective coatings. No existing technology can rule such fine structures on curved surfaces. The project involves designing a "zero-stiffness" passive ruling device using leverage and an air bushing to apply small consistent forces. Design concepts and components are shown. Testing will use the device to rule lines on surfaces and measure results with SEM. Challenges remain in damping oscillations, calibrating the ruler, and testing on curved surfaces. The created device has successfully ruled test lines on a surface.
This document discusses stiffness-based structural analysis methods. It compares the stiffness system approach and stiffness member approach. The stiffness member approach uses element stiffness matrices for individual structural members like beams. These member matrices are assembled into a global stiffness matrix for the overall structure. This allows analyzing complex structures using computer programs and is the basis for most commercial finite element analysis software. Key steps include modeling the structure as interconnected elements, defining degrees of freedom at nodes, deriving each member's stiffness matrix, and assembling them to determine displacements and forces.
This document discusses research using Bayesian optimization to determine effective locomotion techniques for tensegrity robots. The researchers developed code to control vibrating motors on a tensegrity robot and track its movement. Bayesian optimization was used to attempt to find optimal vibration frequencies that produced fast, straight movement of the robot. Several frequency sets were found that resulted in rapid straight movement, but further investigation is needed to confirm Bayesian optimization is the best approach for tensegrity locomotion learning.
A Novel Robotic Joint Actuation Concept VMFYoichiro Dan
This paper presents a new robotic joint actuation concept called the Variable Mechanical Fuse (VMF) that can achieve both high position accuracy and safety. The VMF uses springs and a mechanism to vary the preload on the springs, allowing it to behave either rigidly for precision control or elastically for safety. A prototype was designed, modeled, and tested that demonstrated the VMF's ability to reduce impact forces by 30-60% compared to a conventional rigid joint, showing its intrinsic safety.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This document summarizes an attempt to assemble a prototype hybrid fabrication system combining microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and additive manufacturing (AM). It aims to leverage the strengths of both approaches to create micromirrors that can achieve both high performance and a wide range of movement. Specifically, single crystal silicon micromirrors fabricated using MEMS are combined with 3D printed polymer transmission structures to eliminate constraints of using just one material. The initial proof of concept demonstrated the hybrid approach is feasible and could enable applications requiring both speed and range of movement like optical tweezers additive manufacturing. Next steps include building an array of seven such mirror assemblies.
This document provides an excerpt from the textbook "Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics" which discusses plane motion of rigid bodies. It includes sections on equations of motion for rigid bodies, angular momentum of rigid bodies in plane motion, and D'Alembert's principle applied to plane motion. It also provides sample problems demonstrating how to set up and solve equations of motion for rigid bodies undergoing plane motion, including problems involving translation, rotation, and combinations of the two.
Comparative Study of End Moments Regarding Application of Rotation Contributi...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Analysis of portal frames involves lot of complications and tedious calculations by conventional
methods. To carry out such analysis is a time consuming task. The rotation contribution method i.e. Kani’s
Method & Moment Distribution Method for analysis of portal frames can be handy in approximate and quick
analysis so as to get the detailed estimates ready. In this work, these two methods have been applied only for
vertical loading conditions. This paper presents the analysis of portal frame, considering mainly the case of
single bay portal frame, which is the most common in practice. The Kani’s method is self correcting, that is, the
error, if any, in a cycle is corrected automatically in the subsequent cycles. The checking is easier as only the
last cycle is required to be checked. The convergence is generally fast. It leads to the solutions in just a few
cycles of iterations.
Spacecraft Formation Flying Navigation via a Novel Wireless FinalShu Ting Goh
The document discusses spacecraft formation flying and orbit estimation techniques. Key points include:
- Wireless localization positioning systems (WLPS) can be used to estimate the absolute positions of spacecraft in a formation by measuring their relative positions and angles.
- Implementing a differential geometric filter (DGF) for orbit estimation improves stability and convergence compared to an extended Kalman filter by avoiding linearization.
- A constrained Kalman filter can be used to estimate when spacecraft reach apogee and perigee in their elliptical orbits by applying constraints at points where the first derivative is zero.
This document summarizes a NASA internship report on developing an extendable electrostatic satellite capture arm and reactive satellite simulator. The capture arm uses electrostatic adhesion, which requires only contact and no moving parts, to manipulate satellites. It has a spiralift linear actuator for extension and an electrostatic gripper end effector. Testing showed electrostatic adhesion can manipulate various materials. A reactive satellite simulator was also designed to simulate a tumbling satellite for capture tests. The capture arm and simulator were built and tested to validate electrostatic gripping for potential in-space application.
This document discusses kinematics and mechanisms. It defines key terms like links, pairs, kinematic chains, mechanisms, and machines. It describes types of motion including constrained/unconstrained motion and degrees of freedom. Grubler's criterion for calculating the degrees of freedom of a mechanism is presented. Examples of applying Grubler's criterion to problems are shown. Grashoff's law for four-bar linkages is also discussed. The document covers different types of kinematic chains and their inversions.
Alternator adalah generator yang mengubah tenaga mekanik dari poros rotor yang diputarkan oleh enjin kenderaan menjadi tenaga listrik. Ia terdiri daripada rotor bergerak di dalam stator statis yang menghasilkan medan elektromagnet untuk menghasilkan arus bolak-balik melalui induksi elektromagnetik. Alternator menyediakan tenaga listrik untuk bateri dan sistem kenderaan.
This document provides guidance on creating effective PowerPoint presentations. It discusses preparing by creating a storyboard or flowchart before developing slides. Good slide structure involves using point form, limiting words, and showing one point at a time. Font size and type, color contrasts, consistent backgrounds, and limiting animations are reviewed. Graphs and charts can visualize data but should not overcomplicate slides. The document aims to enhance presentation skills and create engaging slides that improve audience impact.
This document provides information about a 5-day workshop on Integrative Learning from May 27-31 and September 2-7, 2013. The workshop will be led by four trainers: Datuk Atikah Adom, Dr. Asma Abdullah, Puan Masitah Babjan, and Encik Aziz Kassim.
It includes biographies of each trainer outlining their qualifications and experience in training, consulting, and facilitating workshops. The workshop aims to help technical trainers at CIAST enhance their effectiveness by gaining confidence in delivering training, improving subject knowledge, enhancing competencies in planning training, and being more creative in engaging students. The agenda outlines the daily sessions and assignments. The methodology will take an
This document provides an introduction to coaching and mentoring. It defines coaching and mentoring, outlines some key coaching models and processes, and discusses the roles of coaches and coachees/mentees. Specifically:
- It defines coaching as a partnering process that facilitates unleashing a person's potential to reach desired objectives. Mentoring is defined as a relationship where someone with greater experience guides another's personal and professional development.
- Some common coaching models are discussed, including the GROW model which involves Goal setting, Reality checking, Options generation, and Will/commitment.
- The coaching process typically involves assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation. It utilizes skills like questioning, listening, observing and
This document provides information on the role and responsibilities of a room attendant. It discusses the key tasks involved in cleaning and preparing rooms for incoming guests. The document is divided into sections on identifying the role of room attendants, preparing for cleaning duties, making beds, cleaning bathrooms and rooms, providing additional services, and preparing for the next shift. It describes the daily activities, characteristics, grooming standards, policies and procedures, and importance of communication for room attendants. The document is intended as a training guide for room attendants.
Dokumen tersebut membahasakan prosedur dan langkah-langkah untuk mengelola keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, termasuk mengenali bahaya, menyusun rencana tanggapan darurat, melakukan audit keselamatan, dan menyelidiki kecelakaan.
Dokumen ini membincangkan pengendalian bahan dan keselamatan di tapak pembinaan. Ia menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kemalangan seperti kelemahan pihak pengurusan dan pekerja, serta keadaan tapak yang tidak selamat. Dokumen ini juga menerangkan langkah-langkah pencegahan kebakaran dan kaedah pengendalian bahan yang selamat bagi mengurangkan kemalangan di tapak pembinaan.
Dokumen tersebut membincangkan tentang hazard dan risiko di tempat kerja, termasuk definisi hazard dan risiko, jenis-jenis hazard seperti fizikal, kimia, biologi dan ergonomik, serta punca utama hazard seperti keadaan tempat kerja dan perlakuan pekerja. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan kepentingan penggunaan pakaian perlindungan diri.
Dokumen tersebut membahasikan program studi Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan yang memberikan pengetahuan tentang aspek keselamatan di tempat kerja dan industri pembinaan serta menekankan pentingnya mematuhi undang-undang berkaitan untuk mencegah kemalangan.
The document discusses how to deliver an effective presentation. It outlines that at the end of the session, participants should be able to elaborate presentation items, design a presentation template, and evaluate presentation dos and don'ts. It provides tips on using appropriate backgrounds, text, colors, animations, illustrations and preparing for the presentation. The document emphasizes keeping presentations simple with minimal text and images while explaining complex topics. It stresses practicing and preparing a full script along with notes for the presentation.
Microsoft Publisher 2010 is a program for creating publications like brochures and flyers that can be printed. It offers more control over layout than Word but has fewer features than Word or PowerPoint. To use Publisher, basic knowledge of Word or PowerPoint is helpful. The ribbon interface contains commands, and viewing tools allow controlling layout on screen for editing. Rulers, guides, and other tools aid in object placement. The Backstage view houses save/print options in a full page interface. An activity demonstrates use of the ribbon, tools, and guides.
Unit ini membincangkan tentang pembukuan dan pemprosesan data tekimetri. Data-data yang diperoleh di lapangan akan dibukukan dan dihitung untuk mendapatkan nilai-nilai sebenar. Plotan akan dibuat untuk mewakili butiran di kawasan ukur sama ada secara manual menggunakan alat lukisan atau bantuan perisian komputer. Perkembangan terkini alat tekimetri pula menggunakan sistem elektronik sepenuhnya
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
1. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
COSMOSMotion Essentials Training
COSMOSMotion 2007
10. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 1
Governor Mechanism
13. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 2
Crankslider Mechanism
19. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 3
Piston Crankshaft Mechanism
24. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 4
Coupler
29. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 5
Door Mechanism
37. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 6
Hatchback Mechanism
49. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 7
Contacts
54. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 8
Railcar Mechanism
60. Image courtesy of National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
Lesson 9
Floor Jack Mechanism