Managing brands over geographic boundariesAqib Syed
As a business, you need to be where your customers are coming from, and you’ll want to research where your customers live to make sure that your business is well-placed.
There are three critical components that can help to successfully fill a new geographic market
Know your customer before you go
Clearly define a strategy and plan
Don’t underestimate the value of digital
As a business, you need to be where your customers are coming from, and you’ll want to research where your customers live to make sure that your business is well-placed.
There are three critical components that can help to successfully fill a new geographic market
Know your customer before you go
Clearly define a strategy and plan
Don’t underestimate the value of digital
A corporate branding is describing when a company applies their name to a particular item. The item and the organization together turn into the "brand." At times, the brand will include one item, in spite of the fact that it can be far more extensive and include different items that are promoted under one primary brand name, which is something known as family branding.
Managing brands over geographic boundariesAqib Syed
As a business, you need to be where your customers are coming from, and you’ll want to research where your customers live to make sure that your business is well-placed.
There are three critical components that can help to successfully fill a new geographic market
Know your customer before you go
Clearly define a strategy and plan
Don’t underestimate the value of digital
As a business, you need to be where your customers are coming from, and you’ll want to research where your customers live to make sure that your business is well-placed.
There are three critical components that can help to successfully fill a new geographic market
Know your customer before you go
Clearly define a strategy and plan
Don’t underestimate the value of digital
A corporate branding is describing when a company applies their name to a particular item. The item and the organization together turn into the "brand." At times, the brand will include one item, in spite of the fact that it can be far more extensive and include different items that are promoted under one primary brand name, which is something known as family branding.
Integrated marketing communication is a strategic business process used to plan, develop, execute and evaluate coordinated, measurable, persuasive brand communications programs over time with consumers, customers, prospects, employees, associates and other targeted relevant external and internal audiences.
The Goal is to generate both short-term financial returns and build long-term brand and shareholder value.
NB:
It's not mine, but it could help anyone else
THIS IS A SHORT AND SIMPLE PPT TO PRESENT CO-BRANDING, CO-BRANDING IS A PROCESS IN WHICH TWO COMPANIES COMBINE TOGETHER TO MARKET THERE PRODUCT OR SERVICES
In this presentation, we will discuss about the value of a brand, why consumers are willing to pay for the brand, the core value of a product, the importance of brand personality and total value proposition. We will also understand value through Porter’s Value Chain and Levitt’s four level model, meaning of brand proposition and USP.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This is the summary of Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity (3rd ed.), chapter 8 (Developing a Brand Equity Measurement and Management System) by Keller, K. L. (2008, Prentice Hall.)
I designed this powerpoint for an HTM631 class (Strategic Marketing in Hospitality and Tourism) in spring 2009.
Creating Brand Awareness at a trade show is highly important. This presentation explores the three levels of brand awareness and how to achieve those levels with your presence at a trade show.
Integrated marketing communication is a strategic business process used to plan, develop, execute and evaluate coordinated, measurable, persuasive brand communications programs over time with consumers, customers, prospects, employees, associates and other targeted relevant external and internal audiences.
The Goal is to generate both short-term financial returns and build long-term brand and shareholder value.
NB:
It's not mine, but it could help anyone else
THIS IS A SHORT AND SIMPLE PPT TO PRESENT CO-BRANDING, CO-BRANDING IS A PROCESS IN WHICH TWO COMPANIES COMBINE TOGETHER TO MARKET THERE PRODUCT OR SERVICES
In this presentation, we will discuss about the value of a brand, why consumers are willing to pay for the brand, the core value of a product, the importance of brand personality and total value proposition. We will also understand value through Porter’s Value Chain and Levitt’s four level model, meaning of brand proposition and USP.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This is the summary of Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity (3rd ed.), chapter 8 (Developing a Brand Equity Measurement and Management System) by Keller, K. L. (2008, Prentice Hall.)
I designed this powerpoint for an HTM631 class (Strategic Marketing in Hospitality and Tourism) in spring 2009.
Creating Brand Awareness at a trade show is highly important. This presentation explores the three levels of brand awareness and how to achieve those levels with your presence at a trade show.
Decision making is a difficult and painful process. It involves use of financial tools and risk taking.
This presentation was used to discuss Financial Decision Making process for Karachi University Accounting staff in a course sponsored by HEC Pakistan
Corporate Branding and The Effect It Has On BusinessBryan Calabro
Created for a Communication Studies capstone project.
Considering I double major in Communication Studies and Graphic Design, I thought it would be beneficial to study the relationship between corporate branding and the effect it has on business.
A brief look into brand identity and some of the models involved with its such as the brand identity prism. as well as examples of Nikes Identity prism and Jaguars identity prism.
A lot more info can be located on my website : https://digibowl.wordpress.com/2016/03/30/what-is-brand-identity-a-closer-look-at-the-brand-identity-prism/
Consumer behavior is perhaps the most researched topic in customer.docxTharulWickramarathna
onsumer behavior is often influenced by different factors. Marketers should study consumer purchase patterns and figure out buyer trends.
In most cases, brands influence consumer behavior only with the things they can control; think about how IKEA seems to compel you to spend more than what you intended to every time you walk into the store.
So what are the factors that influence consumers to say yes? There are three categories of factors that influence consumer behavior:
Personal factors: an individual’s interests and opinions can be influenced by demographics (age, gender, culture, etc.).
Psychological factors: an individual’s response to a marketing message will depend on their perceptions and attitudes.
Social factors: family, friends, education level, social media, income, all influence consumers’ behavior.
Types of consumer behavior
There are four main types of consumer behavior:
1. Complex buying behavior
This type of behavior is encountered when consumers are buying an expensive, infrequently bought product. They are highly involved in the purchase process and consumers’ research before committing to a high-value investment. Imagine buying a house or a car; these are an example of a complex buying behavior.
2. Dissonance-reducing buying behavior
The consumer is highly involved in the purchase process but has difficulties determining the differences between brands. ‘Dissonance’ can occur when the consumer worries that they will regret their choice.
Imagine you are buying a lawnmower. You will choose one based on price and convenience, but after the purchase, you will seek confirmation that you’ve made the right choice.
3. Habitual buying behavior
Habitual purchases are characterized by the fact that the consumer has very little involvement in the product or brand category. Imagine grocery shopping: you go to the store and buy your preferred type of bread. You are exhibiting a habitual pattern, not strong brand loyalty.
4. Variety seeking behavior
In this situation, a consumer purchases a different product not because they weren’t satisfied with the previous one, but because they seek variety. Like when you are trying out new shower gel scents.
Knowing what types of customers your e-store attracts will give you a better idea about how to segment customer types.
What affects consumer behavior?
Many things can affect consumer behavior, but the most frequent factors influencing consumer behavior are:
1. Marketing campaigns
Marketing campaigns influence purchasing decisions a lot. If done right and regularly, with the right marketing message, they can even persuade consumers to change brands or opt for more expensive alternatives.
Marketing campaigns, such as Facebook ads for eCommerce, can even be used as reminders for products/services that need to be bought regularly but are not necessarily on customers’ top of mind (like an insurance for example). A good marketing message can influence impulse purchases.
MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docxaryan532920
MBA 6601, International Business 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
8. Examine the major marketing considerations applicable to international business.
Reading Assignment
In order to access the following resource(s), click the link(s) below:
Dev, C. S., & Schultz, D. E. (2015). From the four Ps to the four ‘why’s’. Marketing News, 49(9), 40–47.
Retrieved from
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=109289010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Seeds, D., & Khade, A. S. (2008). Transforming a multi-national corporation from a centralized organization to
a decentralized organization. Journal of International Business Strategy, 8(3), 99–104. Retrieved from
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=35637667&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Van Meir, C. (2016). Branding benefits: Apply the four Ps of marketing to make benefits more engaging.
Benefits Magazine, 53(3), 34–39. Retrieved from
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=113183936&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit Lesson
There are two ways to look at global marketing strategies. One way is to look at a company’s marketing
orientation. Marketing orientation refers to the philosophy that guides a company’s marketing strategies. In
the United States, marketing orientation started with the production concept (1920s) and evolved to the
present day holistic marketing concept. Along the way, several distinct variations emerged that seem to work
well in the foreign markets. These orientations depend on the types of products produced and the types of
buyers purchasing the goods. The second way to study global marketing strategies is to analyze the
marketing mix of the product. The marketing mix is the 4 Ps: product, place, price, and promotion.
Marketing Orientations
There seem to be five types of marketing philosophies that have managed to stay significant. Typically, a
company’s marketing strategy will depend on whether the company is production oriented, sales oriented, or
customer oriented. A combined strategy of all three yields a strategic marketing concept. Last and still
emerging is the force of social marketing, sometimes referred to as nonmarket strategies.
Production orientation: The production concept focuses on products that are mass produced, have a low
price relative to disposable income, come with a standard design, have low risk of product failure, and a short
window from purchase to consumption. These types of products require advertising and sales promotion to
pull them through the distribution channel. Consequently, manufacturers achieve high production efficiency,
low costs, and mass distribution. This type of product could be a low value-add ...
Running head: BRAND PROMOTION 1
Brand Marketing 12
Preliminary International Marketing Report: Brand Promotion
BUS433 | International Marketing
Marquita Watkins
Argosy University – Online
August 8, 2018
Introduction
I am currently the consultant for Trukfit Clothing Enterprises who are responsible for the distribution of specialized/work-based clothing to various markets. The company itself specializes in manufacturing clothes suited for a particular profession or task. For instance, the company supplies to factory workers who are in need of specialized overalls and boots, additionally, the company also construction clothes to construction workers and so forth. The company is currently contemplating the possibility of expanding to the U.S market. As the consultant, I need to undergo intense research on the factors that need to be wholly considered when expanding into a foreign market. Proper analysis of the factors in question will be crucial if the company is to successfully penetrate the market. Failure is by all means, not an option.
Relevant and Applicable Theories
Thorough research into the market has revealed that the company needs to take into consideration some prominent marketing concepts, which are crucial for success. The following is a compilation of some of the most important marketing concepts that need to be taken into great consideration.
Market segmentation, as the term suggests, refers to the complete specialization of market demand based on the different tastes and requirements sported by specified individuals (Heakal, 2017). For instance, as per the clothing market, there are some groups who prefer sporting attire and clothes while there is a group, which prefers official wear in the likes of suits, ties and such. In such a scenario, the individual market is segmented into two groups, those that prefer sporting clothes and those, which prefer official wear. Additionally, it is important to note that overlapping across different segments often happens. For example, a person might prefer both sports clothes and official wear. In some scenarios, overlapping is not common or is even unheard of, for instance, men, in most cases, do not prefer women’s clothing. In light of the above, segmentation is often based on a number of factors including, income, age, sex, occupation, social styles and even lifestyles to some extent (Heakal, 2017). Overall consumer behavior is the main indicator of segmentation within a particular market. For Trukfit to be able to expand into the U.S market, it needs to learn about the consumer behavior that is present at the region. The company needs to know the overall tastes and preferences of workers and organizations within the region.
Segmentation will help the organization to identify ...
Nystrom (1990) described high tech markets as marketing dependent and technologically driven. Unfortunately, there is evidence that this linkage is not often recognized by organizations (Gupta, Ray and Wilemon 1985). High tech markets are characterized as complex. In addition, they exist under rapidly changing technological conditions which lead to shorter life cycles (Davidow 1986) and the need for rapid decisions (Bridges, Coughlan, and Kalish 1991). The importance of speed in high tech markets is driven by increasing competition and the continually evolving expectations of customers (Doyle and Saunders 1985). All of this is compounded by higher levels of risk for both the customer and the producer.
B-To-B Brand Relevance in Purchase Decision-Making Process in Business To Bus...inventionjournals
Today, brands are indisputable levers of marketing actions. The research delay of the specific case of business to business (B-to-B) branding is topical and originally brings into question the brand relevance in purchase decision-making in a sub-Saharan African context. A study with a sample of 69 Cameroonian enterprises in B-to-B has identified a number of findings. Firstly, Cameroonian companies in B-to-B use more and more corporate brand strategy, although there are also product brand strategy (one brand for all products or a brand by product if the company's product portfolio is multiple). Secondly, the industrial brands play several roles for customers and suppliers, ranging from the identification of the industrial product (suppliers) to the facilitation of their choice (customers). This result corroborates many works that have been published. Finally, although the brand plays an undeniable role in the B-to-B companies, its relevance in the purchase decision-making is still low in sub-Saharan Africa, for the benefit of the company‘s reputation, guarantees, presales/after-sales services and price. This second finding also corroborates works that have been done in a South-African context. However, the relevant of B-to-B brand is more important than the geographical origin of the product.
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docxambersalomon88660
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:
1. Compare and contrast the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing.
2. Identify the skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees during their academy training and explain the importance of these skills in relation to real world applications.
3. Provide your own definition of community-policing and explain the difference between community policing and traditional policing.
4. Critically examine the important elements of implementation and evaluation phases of community policing and problem solving.
5. Determine the top five (5) qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess (one [1] being the most important). Provide a rationale for your response.
6. Use at least four (4) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
MBA 6601, International Business 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
8. Examine the major marketing considerations applicable to international business.
Reading Assignment
In order to access the following resource(s), click the link(s) below:
Dev, C. S., & Schultz, D. E. (2015). From the four Ps to the four ‘why’s’. Marketing News, 49(9), 40–47.
Retrieved from
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=109289010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Seeds, D., & Khade, A. S. (2008). Transforming a multi-national corporation from a centralized organization to
a decentralized organization. Journal of International Business Strategy, 8(3), 99–104. Retrieved from
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=35637667&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Van Meir, C. (2016). Branding benefits: Apply the four Ps of marketing to make benefits more engaging.
Benefits Magazine, 53(3), 34–39. Retrieved from
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=113183936&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit Lesson
There are two ways to look at global marketing strategies. One way is to look at a company’s marketing
orientation. Marketing orientation refers to the philosophy that guides a company’s marketing strategies. In
the United States, marketing orientation started with the production concept (1920s) and evolved to the
present day holistic marketing concept. Along the way, several distinct variations emerged that seem to work
well in the foreign markets. These orientations depend on the types of products produced and the types of
buyers purchasing the goods. T.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Purpose of the study which branding strategy, corporate branding or product branding, do firms prefer to use in their initial entry in the emerging markets? What factors influence the choice of branding strategy in emerging markets?
3. Corporate Brand In which brand and corporate name is same IBM, Nike, Sony, Mitsubishi Product Brand Separate brand identities for different products Sprite, Mr Pibb under coca-cola, Lux and Dove from Unilever
4. Emerging market The countries or origin that have begin to industrialized and are showing great promise as a good place to invest. A country that has experienced a relatively rapid pace of economic development, and has initiated economic liberalization and a market economy (Arnold and Quelch, 1998) Market size and market growth offer enormous potential for marketing success (Nakata and Sivakumar, 1997). Eastern Europe and many Asian countries China, India, B razil, Russia etc are consider emerging market
5. challenges to enter emerging market Political risks, non-transparent government policies, fiscal restrictions, and the like. Emerging countries have traditionally protected their economies and their dominant state-owned enterprises. Saturation of developed markets leads to the exploitation of new markets in emerging economies, to shield firms from economic recessions and changing demographics. Development of brand strategy in an emerging market should be based on an understanding of its economic, technological, socio-cultural, and competitive conditions, all of which may exert a considerable impact on an incoming firms’ operations and performance
6. Brand architectures There are four basic “brand architectures” available to firms: (1) corporate (2) product (3) corporate-and-product (4) product-and-corporate
7. Corporate Brand In which brand and corporate name is same example, IBM, Nike, Sony, Mitsubishi Product Brand Separate brand identities for different products example, Sprite, Mr Pibb under coca-cola, Lux and Dove from Unilever etc C orporate-and-product with dominant use of the corporate brand. example, Nestle Product-and-corporate with dominant use of product brands. example, P&G
8. Literature review Corporate branding The role of the corporate brand is to give credibility in cases such as communications with government, the financial sector, the labour market, and society in general (Urde, 2003). Corporate branding is very appropriate to those companies engaged in service industries, as their products are more intangible in nature. When consumers cannot see the product, the company brand name helps give them an assurance of quality, heritage, and authenticity Markets are becoming more complex and products and services are quickly imitated and homogenized, maintaining credible product differentiation is increasingly difficult, requiring the positioning of the whole corporation rather than simply its products (Hatch and Schultz, 2001). Alan (1996) attributes the surge of corporate branding to the rising costs of advertising, retailer power, product fragmentation, new product development cost efficiencies, and consumers’ expectations of corporate credentials.
9. cont… Product branding McDonald et al. (2001) argue that, a firm using a product-brand strategy rather than corporate branding will experience less damage to its corporate image if one of its individual brands fails A product brand is also flexible, allowing firms to position and appeal to different segments in different markets The company name is either totally or virtually absent. It gives each brand the opportunity to have unique values, personality, identity and positioning Product branding is costly though, as advertising and promotion costs cannot be shared, and its success depends on the product itself
10.
11. Stakeholder interest Product brands usually need to appeal only to a limited group of stakeholders, mostly customers who purchase and use the product. On the other hand, corporate brands may need to take account of the larger group of internal and external stakeholders P1. The broader the stakeholders’ interests, the more likely firms operating in emerging markets are to choose corporate branding .
12. Corporate image Corporate image is the sum of impressions and expectations of an organization built up in the minds of its stakeholders and the public (Topalian, 2003). Aaker (1996) argues that a brand serves to differentiate the product from its competition by means of a set of consumer perceptions. According to both Kelly (1998) and Sharp (1995), many firms have realized that a strong corporate brand can lead to competitive advantage in the presence of increased competition. P2. The more corporate image is emphasized by stakeholders in emerging markets, the more likely entrants from developed countries are to choose corporate branding.
13. Market complexity Many emerging economies lack effective internal and external governance mechanism Fragmented distribution channels lack of property protection P3. The more complex a target market in an emerging economy is, the more likely entrants from developed countries are to choose corporate branding
14. Marketing costs It is very costly to establish a new brand today, and expensive to maintain an existing one (Berry, 1993). The increased exposure of worldwide consumers to global media has increased their desire for quality branded goods and services (Batra, 1997). McDonald et al (2001) argue that targeting different brands at separate small segments can incur high marketing costs and consequently result in lower brand profitability. P4. The higher the costs of marketing in emerging markets, the more likely entrants from developed countries are to choose corporate branding.
15. Product characteristics Consumer products tend to be more culturally sensitive than industrial products, in international markets, especially in the heterogeneous emerging economies. Industrial products target concentrated markets, whereas consumer products are mass marketed; Industrial products enjoy long-term, stable buying relationships, whereas consumer products suffer short-term perspectives; There are relatively fewer buyers for industrial products than for consumer products;
16. Conti…. Industrial products typically reach buyers through short channels, whereas long channels are normal for consumer products; There is a greater emphasis on personal selling in the case of industrial products than in the case of consumer products. P5. Market entrants selling industrial products in emerging markets are more likely to use corporate branding than those marketing consumer products.
17. Moderating factors Firm Characteristics Age Size Experience P6. The size of a firm entering the emerging market is positively associated with the probability of choosing product or corporate branding. P7. The length of a firm’s relevant experience is positively associated with the probability of choosing product or corporate branding. P8. The extent of a firm’s international experience is positively associated with the probability of choosing product branding over corporate branding.
18. Conclusion: Branding strategy in the international context is a crucial issue for firms from developed countries aspiring to succeed in emerging markets. However, the choice and adoption of a certain branding strategy is not a static process. There is no single branding strategy that works for all firms or organizations (Gulati and Garino,2000). As firms gradually establish their presence in the emerging markets, accumulate marketing experiences and expand capacity, their target consumers or segments may evolve as well as their market position.
19. Future research Developing additional propositions and hypotheses, and designing their empirical testing methodology. This research topic can be expanded to firm branding strategy throughout all the stages of marketing operations in emerging markets, as firms from developed countries enter higher internationalization stages . Further, firms indigenous to the emerging markets may take different approaches to branding from the entrants’ when they themselves enter other emerging markets, or developed countries