This document discusses copyright and open licensing. It begins by defining copyright and outlining the exclusive rights granted to copyright holders. It then discusses exceptions like fair use and fair dealing, limitations on copyright protection, and different types of intellectual property rights. The document also introduces Creative Commons licenses which allow for various levels of open reuse and adaptation of copyrighted works. It provides an overview of common Creative Commons licenses and how to apply them. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to key concepts regarding copyright and open content licensing.
Copyright in Online Resources - AuthorsRowan Wilson
This document provides an overview of copyright law as it relates to online resources and content authoring. It discusses key concepts like intellectual property, copyright, licensing, fair use, and Creative Commons. The document was presented as a course to educate content authors about their rights and responsibilities when publishing work online. It covers topics such as determining copyright ownership, protecting works from unauthorized use, addressing potential infringements, and selecting an appropriate Creative Commons license.
This document discusses copyright and fair use guidelines for teachers. It begins with an overview of copyright law, including its origins, basics, duration, categories covered, and infringement. It then covers fair use and its guidelines, as well as alternatives to using copyrighted material like public domain works and Creative Commons licensing. The document provides examples and resources for teachers on copyright compliance and educating students about intellectual property.
An overview of the basics of US copyright law for entrepreneurs, business people, and creative professionals. "What Is a Copyright?" includes the following:
A brief definition of copyright.
Definitions of the other forms of intellectual property (trademark, patent, and trade secrets).
How copyrights are acquired.
What rights go along with a copyright.
Copyright registration.
For more information, please go to LizerbramLaw.com
The document discusses Philippine copyright law, which is established in the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293). It protects copyrights, patents, trademarks and other forms of intellectual property. The law is enforced by the Intellectual Property Office and its branches, and violations can result in penalties like fines, seizures, or censorship. The Bureau of Legal Affairs has the power to address copyright infringement cases and impose penalties through cease and desist orders, voluntary compliance, or administrative fines.
Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, artistic works, and symbols used in commerce, and can be protected by copyright, which grants creators exclusive rights over the reproduction and distribution of their original works; copyright applies to digital media like websites and online content as it does to physical works; penalties for copyright infringement range from fines to imprisonment depending on the scale of the offense.
Copyright is a legal right that protects original creative works. It grants creators exclusive rights over the reproduction and use of their work. The purpose of copyright is to incentivize creative production, preserve the integrity of works, and establish rules for economic exploitation. Copyright applies automatically to original works but expires typically 70 years after the creator's death, allowing works to enter the public domain where they can be used freely. Exceptions and limitations to copyright allow limited use of copyrighted works for purposes like education or criticism.
Copyright in Online Resources - AuthorsRowan Wilson
This document provides an overview of copyright law as it relates to online resources and content authoring. It discusses key concepts like intellectual property, copyright, licensing, fair use, and Creative Commons. The document was presented as a course to educate content authors about their rights and responsibilities when publishing work online. It covers topics such as determining copyright ownership, protecting works from unauthorized use, addressing potential infringements, and selecting an appropriate Creative Commons license.
This document discusses copyright and fair use guidelines for teachers. It begins with an overview of copyright law, including its origins, basics, duration, categories covered, and infringement. It then covers fair use and its guidelines, as well as alternatives to using copyrighted material like public domain works and Creative Commons licensing. The document provides examples and resources for teachers on copyright compliance and educating students about intellectual property.
An overview of the basics of US copyright law for entrepreneurs, business people, and creative professionals. "What Is a Copyright?" includes the following:
A brief definition of copyright.
Definitions of the other forms of intellectual property (trademark, patent, and trade secrets).
How copyrights are acquired.
What rights go along with a copyright.
Copyright registration.
For more information, please go to LizerbramLaw.com
The document discusses Philippine copyright law, which is established in the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293). It protects copyrights, patents, trademarks and other forms of intellectual property. The law is enforced by the Intellectual Property Office and its branches, and violations can result in penalties like fines, seizures, or censorship. The Bureau of Legal Affairs has the power to address copyright infringement cases and impose penalties through cease and desist orders, voluntary compliance, or administrative fines.
Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, artistic works, and symbols used in commerce, and can be protected by copyright, which grants creators exclusive rights over the reproduction and distribution of their original works; copyright applies to digital media like websites and online content as it does to physical works; penalties for copyright infringement range from fines to imprisonment depending on the scale of the offense.
Copyright is a legal right that protects original creative works. It grants creators exclusive rights over the reproduction and use of their work. The purpose of copyright is to incentivize creative production, preserve the integrity of works, and establish rules for economic exploitation. Copyright applies automatically to original works but expires typically 70 years after the creator's death, allowing works to enter the public domain where they can be used freely. Exceptions and limitations to copyright allow limited use of copyrighted works for purposes like education or criticism.
The document outlines the key topics to be covered in lectures on intellectual property rights (IPR) in the digital environment. The lectures will discuss 1) challenges posed by digital technologies to copyright, 2) complexities in applying copyright law digitally, 3) the extent to which existing copyright laws in India, UK and US have addressed these challenges, and 4) non-legislative solutions. It then provides an overview of relevant international treaties and domestic copyright laws. The rest of the document discusses in detail the impact of digital technologies on various aspects of copyright and analyses approaches taken in different jurisdictions.
This document discusses copyright issues related to using images, music, and video footage. It covers topics such as what copyright protects, copyright duration, using images of people, places, buildings and things, public domain images, infringement, and circumvention of technological measures. Permission is required for commercial use of copyrighted materials, while fair use allows limited educational use without permission.
The document discusses key aspects of copyright law in India, including what constitutes copyright, subject matter covered, introduction and history of copyright acts in India, rights of copyright holders, term of copyright, registration process, remedies for infringement, and roles of the Copyright Office and Copyright Board. It provides definitions for literary works, artistic works, sound recordings and more. The copyright act aims to encourage creation by protecting author's rights and preventing misuse of copyrights.
Fair dealing under copyright law indian perspectivesujit3773
This document discusses copyright law in India. It provides background on the origins and evolution of copyright law. Some key points:
- Copyright emerged with the invention of printing to protect literary works from unauthorized duplication. Early systems involved royal privileges and statutes like the Statute of Anne in 1709.
- The Copyright Act of 1957 established copyright law in India and has been amended several times, including in 2012 to address digital issues and comply with international agreements.
- Copyright in India protects original literary, dramatic, musical, artistic works as well as films, sound recordings, and more. Protection lasts for the lifetime of the author plus 60 years.
This document discusses copyright and intellectual property. It defines copyright as an exclusive legal right given to creators over their original works. Works covered by copyright include literary works, music, films, artwork, and software. Creators have economic rights like adaptation and distribution rights. Copyright protection lasts for the creator's lifetime plus 60 years. Infringement occurs through unauthorized reproduction or distribution of a copyrighted work. Exceptions allow use of works for education, research, or criticism.
This document provides information about copyright and plagiarism. It defines copyright as intellectual property protection for original works of authorship. Copyright law gives copyright holders exclusive rights over the reproduction, adaptation, publication, performance, and display of their works. Fair use allows for limited use of copyrighted works for purposes such as education without permission. The document outlines copyright duration and ownership, as well as what is and is not protected by copyright. It also discusses plagiarism and academic integrity.
This document provides an overview of copyright as an intellectual property right under the TRIPS agreement. It discusses the history of copyright law in India, key concepts like copyright, related rights, infringement and remedies. It compares differences between Indian and Brazilian copyright law and covers topics like copyleft, statistical data, and case studies on copyright infringement cases in India.
1) The document discusses copyright and fair use, providing definitions and addressing common myths. It explains that fair use is determined on a case-by-case basis by analyzing four factors rather than by strict rules or formulas.
2) Educators are encouraged to understand and exercise their fair use rights according to the rule of reason rather than being limited by restrictive guidelines or school policies.
3) The document provides best practices for educators to follow to help ensure their use of copyrighted materials qualifies as fair use.
This document provides information from a presentation on instructional media and technology. It discusses copyright and plagiarism, defining the differences between the two. Copyright refers to the legal rights of copyright holders, while plagiarism is an ethical issue concerning taking credit for ideas that are not one's own. The document outlines various aspects of copyright law, including what can be copyrighted, who holds copyrights, how long copyrights last, fair use provisions, and creative commons licensing options. It also includes sample questions and answers to test understanding of these concepts.
Presentations from the final seminar in our digital training programme for the arts sector, developed in partnership with BBC Academy.
Includes:
- Ben Green, BBC: "Finding the right approach: working your way through the Rights maze…"
Case studies: Contracts and collaboration
- Roxanne Peters, Project Manager and Vicky Panter, Documentation Manager, V&A - V&A online collections
- Jo Higgins, Young People’s Web Content Manager, South London Gallery - RE:creative
Case studies: Innovative approaches to rights clearances
- Carolyn Royston, Head of Digital Media, Imperial War Museums - "Digital collections and cultural change"
- Charlie Gauvain, Managing Director, Eye Film and Television- John Peel archive
This document discusses copyright law and the concept of fair use. It provides an overview of basics of copyright, exceptions to copyright including fair use, and analyzes factors considered in a fair use determination. It also discusses fair use under Indian law and summarizes two relevant copyright infringement cases from Indian courts dealing with fair use and parody.
This document discusses copyright law and its relationship to education. It provides an overview of copyright, including the rights of copyright holders, exceptions like fair use, and how copyright law has evolved over time with amendments and acts like the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the TEACH Act. The document also summarizes guidelines for determining fair use of print, audiovisual, music, and multimedia materials in educational settings.
This document provides an overview of intellectual property rights, specifically copyright, under Philippine law. It defines key copyright terms and concepts, outlines copyright ownership rules and economic rights, and discusses limitations and exceptions such as fair use. Copyright protection generally lasts for the life of the author plus 50 years, or longer for certain works. The document also briefly touches on related topics like moral rights, assignment of copyrights, and international treaties governing intellectual property.
A presentation on Copyright & Copyright InfringementAnand Prabhudesai
This document discusses copyright law in India. It explains that copyright protects original creative works and gives the creator the exclusive right to copy and distribute their work. The Copyright Act of 1957, which has been amended several times, governs copyright in India. It provides protection for literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, films, and more recently, computer programs and digital content. Copyright arises automatically when a work is created and can last for the creator's lifetime plus 60 years. Infringement of copyright can result in civil and criminal penalties. The document outlines the scope of copyright protection as well as exceptions and exemptions to copyright law.
Australian copyright law is contained in the Copyright Act of 1968, which protects original creative works by giving the creator exclusive rights over copying, distribution, and performance. Exceptions like fair dealing allow limited use of copyrighted materials for educational purposes like research and study. Fair dealing permits students to use a reasonable portion of a work, defined as 10% of a text or one article from a publication. Works in the public domain that are over 70 years past the creator's death are also freely usable but must still be cited. The document provides guidelines for students on determining fair use of copyrighted materials in their studies.
As per Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, a copyright disclaimer is a notice that ensures or asks for the fair use of content. Content, in this context, can refer to ideas, videos, comments, journalistic reports, scholarship research and even reviews. Fair use refers to the legal processes validated as per the enactment rules of the copyright.
Visit here to know more about copyright disclaimer: https://vakilsearch.com/copyright-registration/copyright-disclaimer
The document discusses copyright and creative commons licenses. It defines copyright as giving creators exclusive rights over the reproduction of their original work. A creative commons license allows copyright owners to specify how others can share and use their work, such as allowing commercial use or requiring attribution. There are six main creative commons licenses that vary based on conditions like requiring attribution, sharing modifications, or prohibiting commercial use. The document provides details on the rights each license provides and explains how creative commons licenses facilitate broad sharing of works.
The document provides an overview of copyright in online resources for content users. It discusses intellectual property and copyright, how copyright is licensed, common problems with using content from the internet, fair dealing exceptions, the Copyright Licensing Agency and its comprehensive higher education license, and Creative Commons licensing for open content. The document is intended to educate about copyright issues for those using electronic resources.
1) The document discusses copyright in the digital age and examines what types of online content are protected by copyright. It notes that original works fixed in a tangible form are automatically protected by copyright upon creation, including websites, blogs, videos, photos, and music.
2) The summary outlines some limitations to copyright including exceptions for ideas, facts, public domain content, and fair use of copyrighted works for purposes like news reporting or teaching. It also lists some types of content that are not protected, such as government works.
3) The document examines the TEACH Act, which establishes exceptions for certain online educational uses of copyrighted materials, and argues there are benefits to officially registering a copyright despite automatic protections. It
This document discusses different types of communities and what motivates people to form communities. It defines communities of interest, practice, and circumstance. Communities of interest gather around a shared topic, communities of practice improve skills through interaction, and communities of circumstance share an experience. Forming communities builds social capital like sharing ideas and collaborating. Within communities, members have different commitment levels. Diversity within communities is also important. The document uses Moodle, an open-source e-learning project, as an example of a community of interest with subgroups.
The document outlines the key topics to be covered in lectures on intellectual property rights (IPR) in the digital environment. The lectures will discuss 1) challenges posed by digital technologies to copyright, 2) complexities in applying copyright law digitally, 3) the extent to which existing copyright laws in India, UK and US have addressed these challenges, and 4) non-legislative solutions. It then provides an overview of relevant international treaties and domestic copyright laws. The rest of the document discusses in detail the impact of digital technologies on various aspects of copyright and analyses approaches taken in different jurisdictions.
This document discusses copyright issues related to using images, music, and video footage. It covers topics such as what copyright protects, copyright duration, using images of people, places, buildings and things, public domain images, infringement, and circumvention of technological measures. Permission is required for commercial use of copyrighted materials, while fair use allows limited educational use without permission.
The document discusses key aspects of copyright law in India, including what constitutes copyright, subject matter covered, introduction and history of copyright acts in India, rights of copyright holders, term of copyright, registration process, remedies for infringement, and roles of the Copyright Office and Copyright Board. It provides definitions for literary works, artistic works, sound recordings and more. The copyright act aims to encourage creation by protecting author's rights and preventing misuse of copyrights.
Fair dealing under copyright law indian perspectivesujit3773
This document discusses copyright law in India. It provides background on the origins and evolution of copyright law. Some key points:
- Copyright emerged with the invention of printing to protect literary works from unauthorized duplication. Early systems involved royal privileges and statutes like the Statute of Anne in 1709.
- The Copyright Act of 1957 established copyright law in India and has been amended several times, including in 2012 to address digital issues and comply with international agreements.
- Copyright in India protects original literary, dramatic, musical, artistic works as well as films, sound recordings, and more. Protection lasts for the lifetime of the author plus 60 years.
This document discusses copyright and intellectual property. It defines copyright as an exclusive legal right given to creators over their original works. Works covered by copyright include literary works, music, films, artwork, and software. Creators have economic rights like adaptation and distribution rights. Copyright protection lasts for the creator's lifetime plus 60 years. Infringement occurs through unauthorized reproduction or distribution of a copyrighted work. Exceptions allow use of works for education, research, or criticism.
This document provides information about copyright and plagiarism. It defines copyright as intellectual property protection for original works of authorship. Copyright law gives copyright holders exclusive rights over the reproduction, adaptation, publication, performance, and display of their works. Fair use allows for limited use of copyrighted works for purposes such as education without permission. The document outlines copyright duration and ownership, as well as what is and is not protected by copyright. It also discusses plagiarism and academic integrity.
This document provides an overview of copyright as an intellectual property right under the TRIPS agreement. It discusses the history of copyright law in India, key concepts like copyright, related rights, infringement and remedies. It compares differences between Indian and Brazilian copyright law and covers topics like copyleft, statistical data, and case studies on copyright infringement cases in India.
1) The document discusses copyright and fair use, providing definitions and addressing common myths. It explains that fair use is determined on a case-by-case basis by analyzing four factors rather than by strict rules or formulas.
2) Educators are encouraged to understand and exercise their fair use rights according to the rule of reason rather than being limited by restrictive guidelines or school policies.
3) The document provides best practices for educators to follow to help ensure their use of copyrighted materials qualifies as fair use.
This document provides information from a presentation on instructional media and technology. It discusses copyright and plagiarism, defining the differences between the two. Copyright refers to the legal rights of copyright holders, while plagiarism is an ethical issue concerning taking credit for ideas that are not one's own. The document outlines various aspects of copyright law, including what can be copyrighted, who holds copyrights, how long copyrights last, fair use provisions, and creative commons licensing options. It also includes sample questions and answers to test understanding of these concepts.
Presentations from the final seminar in our digital training programme for the arts sector, developed in partnership with BBC Academy.
Includes:
- Ben Green, BBC: "Finding the right approach: working your way through the Rights maze…"
Case studies: Contracts and collaboration
- Roxanne Peters, Project Manager and Vicky Panter, Documentation Manager, V&A - V&A online collections
- Jo Higgins, Young People’s Web Content Manager, South London Gallery - RE:creative
Case studies: Innovative approaches to rights clearances
- Carolyn Royston, Head of Digital Media, Imperial War Museums - "Digital collections and cultural change"
- Charlie Gauvain, Managing Director, Eye Film and Television- John Peel archive
This document discusses copyright law and the concept of fair use. It provides an overview of basics of copyright, exceptions to copyright including fair use, and analyzes factors considered in a fair use determination. It also discusses fair use under Indian law and summarizes two relevant copyright infringement cases from Indian courts dealing with fair use and parody.
This document discusses copyright law and its relationship to education. It provides an overview of copyright, including the rights of copyright holders, exceptions like fair use, and how copyright law has evolved over time with amendments and acts like the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the TEACH Act. The document also summarizes guidelines for determining fair use of print, audiovisual, music, and multimedia materials in educational settings.
This document provides an overview of intellectual property rights, specifically copyright, under Philippine law. It defines key copyright terms and concepts, outlines copyright ownership rules and economic rights, and discusses limitations and exceptions such as fair use. Copyright protection generally lasts for the life of the author plus 50 years, or longer for certain works. The document also briefly touches on related topics like moral rights, assignment of copyrights, and international treaties governing intellectual property.
A presentation on Copyright & Copyright InfringementAnand Prabhudesai
This document discusses copyright law in India. It explains that copyright protects original creative works and gives the creator the exclusive right to copy and distribute their work. The Copyright Act of 1957, which has been amended several times, governs copyright in India. It provides protection for literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, films, and more recently, computer programs and digital content. Copyright arises automatically when a work is created and can last for the creator's lifetime plus 60 years. Infringement of copyright can result in civil and criminal penalties. The document outlines the scope of copyright protection as well as exceptions and exemptions to copyright law.
Australian copyright law is contained in the Copyright Act of 1968, which protects original creative works by giving the creator exclusive rights over copying, distribution, and performance. Exceptions like fair dealing allow limited use of copyrighted materials for educational purposes like research and study. Fair dealing permits students to use a reasonable portion of a work, defined as 10% of a text or one article from a publication. Works in the public domain that are over 70 years past the creator's death are also freely usable but must still be cited. The document provides guidelines for students on determining fair use of copyrighted materials in their studies.
As per Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, a copyright disclaimer is a notice that ensures or asks for the fair use of content. Content, in this context, can refer to ideas, videos, comments, journalistic reports, scholarship research and even reviews. Fair use refers to the legal processes validated as per the enactment rules of the copyright.
Visit here to know more about copyright disclaimer: https://vakilsearch.com/copyright-registration/copyright-disclaimer
The document discusses copyright and creative commons licenses. It defines copyright as giving creators exclusive rights over the reproduction of their original work. A creative commons license allows copyright owners to specify how others can share and use their work, such as allowing commercial use or requiring attribution. There are six main creative commons licenses that vary based on conditions like requiring attribution, sharing modifications, or prohibiting commercial use. The document provides details on the rights each license provides and explains how creative commons licenses facilitate broad sharing of works.
The document provides an overview of copyright in online resources for content users. It discusses intellectual property and copyright, how copyright is licensed, common problems with using content from the internet, fair dealing exceptions, the Copyright Licensing Agency and its comprehensive higher education license, and Creative Commons licensing for open content. The document is intended to educate about copyright issues for those using electronic resources.
1) The document discusses copyright in the digital age and examines what types of online content are protected by copyright. It notes that original works fixed in a tangible form are automatically protected by copyright upon creation, including websites, blogs, videos, photos, and music.
2) The summary outlines some limitations to copyright including exceptions for ideas, facts, public domain content, and fair use of copyrighted works for purposes like news reporting or teaching. It also lists some types of content that are not protected, such as government works.
3) The document examines the TEACH Act, which establishes exceptions for certain online educational uses of copyrighted materials, and argues there are benefits to officially registering a copyright despite automatic protections. It
This document discusses different types of communities and what motivates people to form communities. It defines communities of interest, practice, and circumstance. Communities of interest gather around a shared topic, communities of practice improve skills through interaction, and communities of circumstance share an experience. Forming communities builds social capital like sharing ideas and collaborating. Within communities, members have different commitment levels. Diversity within communities is also important. The document uses Moodle, an open-source e-learning project, as an example of a community of interest with subgroups.
This document discusses effective communication in open source projects. It covers the importance of communication, common communication channels used in open source like emails and documentation, and tips for appropriate tone and sensitivity when communicating. Key points include:
- Communication is critical in open source as projects rely entirely on written exchanges.
- Channels have different purposes, features, and norms that should be understood.
- Tone and sensitivity are important to avoid offense, and issues like rudeness, assumptions, and casual bias should be avoided in communications.
The document discusses various business and sustainability models for free and open source software projects. It describes models such as providing paid support and documentation, managed upgrades, consultancy, cost reduction for internal use, software as a service, advertising/referrals, training and accreditation, trademark licensing, dual licensing, and using proprietary versions or components alongside open source software. It provides examples of these models being used by projects like Red Hat, MySQL, Exim, and XenSource. The conclusion states that open source and commercial models are not antagonistic and open source code is increasingly part of commercial software offerings.
This document discusses reasons for conflict in communities and strategies for resolving conflicts. It notes that clashes of personalities, disenfranchisement, and disruptive individuals can all lead to conflict. Specific examples are provided of conflicts that arose in two open source projects due to misunderstandings, disagreements over policies, and perceived undermining of leadership. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding the root causes of conflicts, countering antagonism with evidence rather than labeling people, and focusing on unblocking projects rather than lingering disagreements if a conflict has escalated. Successful resolution requires participant-driven processes, principled negotiation, and restorative justice.
This document provides an overview of free and open source software (FOSS). It discusses the history and definitions of free and open source, how FOSS licensing works, and three common FOSS licenses: the GNU General Public License v2, Modified BSD License, and Mozilla Public License v2. The document traces the origins of FOSS to the 1970s and the work of Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation in the 1980s. It also discusses the founding of the Open Source Initiative in the late 1990s and key differences between free and open source perspectives.
Usage of open source software for Real World Data Analysis in pharmaceutical ...Kees van Bochove
An upcoming area of interest for biopharmaceutical product development, as well as for public health and healthcare system evaluation, is the study of medical outcomes in so-called 'real world data'. This data can originate from electronic medical records in hospitals, general practitioners, pharmacies, insurance companies and even directly from patients, using forums or mobile health apps.
One of the largest open source initiatives for the standardisation and analysis for this type of data is called OHDSI: Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics. OHDSI leverages the OMOP data model for observational data, and provides data analysis tools for a broad range of use cases. This talk will focus on a number of examples of the application of the OHDSI tooling for observational research, as well as provide a broader introduction of the topic and the use of open source software in pharmaceutical and healthcare context.
The presenter, Kees van Bochove, is founder and CEO of The Hyve, a company based in Utrecht, The Netherlands and Cambridge, MA, US that provides services around open source software in bioinformatics and translational research, such as OHDSI, tranSMART and cBioPortal.
The document provides an overview of copyright including: what copyright protects (creative works), how long copyright lasts (life of author plus 70 years), when copyright begins (upon creation), rights of copyright holders (to reproduce, distribute, etc. the work), and exceptions like fair use. It also discusses how copyright applies in libraries, including replacement copies, public displays, and software/performances. The goal is to educate about US copyright law and intellectual property.
The document discusses copyright and open resources. It provides an overview of copyright law, including definitions, protected works, exclusive rights, and exceptions like fair use. It notes issues like orphan works and challenges of applying old copyright laws to digital works. The document then discusses open licenses like Creative Commons, which allow works to be shared and reused while still providing attribution. It provides details on the different Creative Commons license options and how they can be used to make copyrighted works more accessible than traditional "all rights reserved" approaches.
Plenary Paper delivered at the 12th Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians on Information Resources Empowerment: Enhancing Knowledge Heritage, held at the International Convention Center, Berakas, Brunei Darussalam, 2003 Oct 19
Copyright refers to the legal right of the owner of intellectual property to control copying of an original work. A creative commons license allows the copyright owner to specify terms for how others can use and share the work, such as requiring attribution or prohibiting commercial use. There are six main types of creative commons licenses that vary based on conditions like requiring attribution, allowing modifications, and restricting commercial or non-commercial use. A creative commons license provides broad rights to use and share works consistently with the specified license terms in order to facilitate sharing and derivative works.
Copyright protects original creative works once they are fixed in a tangible form. It does not protect ideas alone. The workshop aimed to develop understanding of what copyright is, available licenses, permitted acts for educational use, and risk management. It covered that most web content is not public domain, fair dealing is for criticism and review, and exceptions allow limited educational use without permission as long as it is non-commercial and fair. The session provided sources of information on copyright including licenses the university holds and exceptions for education.
Many of the resources you wish to use to support your teaching and research are protected by copyright. However, the good news is that there are ways in which you can legitimately use those materials without infringing copyright. This session will give an overview of the licences the university holds, as well as the permitted acts built into copyright law which allow educational establishments to benefit from a suspension of the rules which normally govern the use of copyright protected works.
Presented by Gordon Sandison, Licensing & Copyright Manager, University of Liverpool
Copyright and Open Content Licensing: the role of the Creative Commons licencesccAustralia
"Copyright and Open Content Licensing: the role of the Creative Commons licences", presented by Professor Anne Fitzgerald as seminar 1 of 4 in the Creative Commons and the Digital Economy series, 2012. For full details see event page at http://creativecommons.org.au/events/digitaleconomy
1. The document discusses copyright and intellectual property issues related to digitizing collections for an archaeological and natural history society. It covers basic copyright rules and challenges with orphan works.
2. Clearing rights for digitization projects takes significant time and resources, including identifying rights holders, determining ownership status, and obtaining permissions.
3. When rights cannot be cleared, organizations should demonstrate "due diligence" in trying to identify rights holders and manage legal risks through non-commercial educational use.
Presentation given by Andrew Reith, Business Events Manager at the Intellectual Property Office (IPO), at the CLIC staff development event 'An introduction to copyright', held at Cardiff Central Library on 14 March 2013.
1. The document discusses copyright issues related to artists and students, including what is and is not protected by copyright law, the concept of fair use, and best practices for using copyrighted materials in works.
2. It provides examples of copyright scenarios and examines whether certain uses would be considered infringing or protected by fair use.
3. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding copyright law, properly citing sources, seeking permission when necessary, and protecting one's own creative works.
Copyright law protects creative works and grants exclusive rights to the copyright owner including reproduction, distribution, adaptations, and performance/display rights. Copyright protection is secured for limited times to promote progress, though registration is not required. Fair use allows limited use of copyrighted works for purposes like education without permission. Recent acts have extended copyright term and increased protections for digital works, though criticism argues this may hinder new creativity and access to knowledge.
Practical Copyright & IP - Tobias Schonwetterpvhead123
Copyright is an exclusive right over certain uses of creative works. It aims to balance the interests of rights holders and the public. At UCT, copyright covers literary, artistic, musical works, films, sound recordings, broadcasts and computer programs. The default situation is that all rights are reserved, but copyright can be assigned or licensed. There are also exceptions and limitations like fair dealing that allow certain uses without permission. Open licensing systems like Creative Commons aim to make educational and research materials more accessible by allowing legal reuse and modification.
'IPR and Research Data' (Andrew Charlesworth)Incremental2
This document discusses intellectual property rights (IPRs) such as copyright, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets. It focuses specifically on UK copyright law, including what types of works are covered, ownership issues, permitted uses of copyrighted works, enforcement of copyright, and research data issues related to copyright. Key points covered include what is protected under copyright, who owns the copyright for different types of works, exceptions like fair use, licensing options, and legal considerations for digitization, preservation, and web archiving projects.
AMD LAW Library presentation regarding copyright protectionaureliakev
Public libraries have an interest in protecting copyright and deterring infringement. Copyright protects original creative works that are fixed in a tangible form. The author has exclusive rights over copying, distributing, publicly performing and displaying, and creating derivatives of the copyrighted work. While registration is not required, it is generally illegal to reproduce copyrighted works without permission, though exceptions exist for fair use such as education. Libraries should warn patrons against inadvertent copyright violations when using library materials.
The document discusses intellectual property, copyright, and related legal issues. It provides an overview of what is covered by copyright, including economic rights like reproduction and distribution rights, as well as moral rights of attribution and integrity. It outlines recent changes and developments in copyright law through international agreements and legislation in Australia. Current legal cases involving internet piracy and fair use of headlines are also summarized. Alternative approaches to copyright like copyleft and Creative Commons are mentioned.
Copyright, Content Creation and Creative CommonsIriss
This document discusses copyright, content creation, and Creative Commons licensing. It begins with defining copyright and what it protects, such as literary, dramatic, and artistic works. The purpose of copyright is to encourage creativity by rewarding creators. It then discusses problems with copyright, such as determining who holds copyright. Finally, it introduces Creative Commons as an alternative licensing scheme that allows creators to select how others can use their work.
This document provides an overview of copyright law in India. It defines copyright and outlines the types of works protected, including literary works, musical works, artistic works, films, and sound recordings. It describes authorship and ownership, the various rights afforded to copyright holders (reproduction, distribution, public performance, etc.), and exceptions like fair use. It also covers the term of copyright, registration and enforcement, including civil and criminal penalties for infringement.
Copyright or Copyleft - Creative CommonsMartha Hardy
This document provides an overview of copyright law and Creative Commons licensing. It defines copyright and what types of creative works it protects. Key aspects of copyright law covered include exclusive rights granted to copyright owners, limitations on protection such as ideas and facts, how to obtain copyright, fair use exceptions, and recent acts that have extended copyright terms. The document also introduces Creative Commons licenses and resources available with certain open licenses for reuse and sharing.
Copyright protects original works of authorship in various forms. The Copyright Act of 1957 governs copyright in India and grants economic rights like reproduction, distribution, communication to the public, and moral rights to authors. Infringement occurs when someone copies or uses a copyrighted work without permission. Civil remedies for infringement include injunctions and damages, while criminal penalties include imprisonment and fines. Certain uses like government works are exempt from infringement claims.
This is a short presentation to give an overview of copyright law. At the end of the presentation there are details about the next class project along with some resources.
This document discusses different models of project governance for open source software projects. It describes governance as establishing roles and processes for decision making. Key governance models discussed include the benevolent dictatorship model, where a single leader has final say, and the meritocratic model, where leadership roles are earned based on contributions and respect. The document also contrasts more closed, hierarchical models like the Cathedral approach with more open, participatory models like the Bazaar. Ubuntu is presented as striving to balance control and open contribution. Effective communication of a project's governance model is important for managing contributor expectations.
This document discusses leadership in open source software projects. It begins by defining leadership as demonstrating responsibility for ensuring work gets done, rather than attaining formal roles. Good leadership involves growing a project's social capital. The document then examines leadership attributes like fairness and listening skills. It also discusses leadership styles, mentoring, and communications. Mentoring is presented as an important part of leadership, helping others develop skills through experiences. The key to leadership communications is acts like summarizing, acknowledging, and unblocking others' work.
This document discusses different types of licenses and why they are important for open source projects. It covers contributor license agreements which manage intellectual property rights, and discusses how copyright, patents, and non-code assets are licensed. Compatibility between licenses is important to ensure code can be legally combined. Permissive licenses like BSD allow most reuse while copyleft licenses require contributions be shared under the same license.
This document contains a leadership style survey to help assess a leader's dominant leadership style. It describes three main leadership styles: authoritative, participative, and delegative. For each statement, respondents rate their agreement on a 5-point scale. Their scores are then totaled in each of the three columns to identify their strongest style. The document provides descriptions of each style and when they are most appropriate to use. It aims to help leaders understand their natural tendencies and when different styles may be warranted.
Creating a level playing field for open source software options in IT selecti...osswatch
This document discusses creating a level playing field for open source software in IT selection and procurement. It begins by defining free and open source software, noting open source refers to licensing while open development promotes community engagement. The benefits of open source include lower total cost of ownership, risk management through sustainability, and meeting user needs. Case studies show cost savings from migrations to open source. The document then discusses policy approaches like being agnostic, giving equal consideration, or preferential treatment to open source. It outlines processes for selection and procurement, including deep engagement, paid discovery stages, unbundling solutions, and evaluating sustainability. The goal is an effective procurement process that delivers sustained value and meets user needs.
Communication is critical in open source projects as most interactions occur through written communication channels. It is important to understand the various communication channels, their purposes and norms. When communicating, one must consider tone, being appropriate and sensitive to different groups. Common communication acts in open source include inquiring, paraphrasing and acknowledging. Establishing communication policies helps set ground rules and guidelines for welcoming newcomers and handling issues.
Leadership in open source projects involves shouldering responsibility to ensure work gets done without roadblocks. It means communicating a shared vision, coordinating activities, and mentoring others. Effective leadership requires attributes like honesty, fairness, and approachability. Leaders must self-reflect on their strengths and weaknesses, and receive feedback without defensiveness. Mentoring is important for developing skills and norms, with key aspects including setting expectations, giving feedback, and experiential learning.
Communities form for social and practical reasons. They allow people to feel a sense of belonging and to build social capital by sharing ideas, skills, and collaborating on goals. Communities can be interest-based, practice-based, or circumstance-based. Successful communities often contain subgroups that focus on specific interests, practices, or circumstances. Diversity within communities is important, both in surface characteristics and deep skills/personalities. Open source projects function best as interest-based communities that encourage diverse participation.
Leveling the playing field for open source in education and public sectorosswatch
This document discusses leveling the playing field between open source and proprietary software in education and public sector institutions in the UK. It notes that over 90% of higher education institutions and 75% of further education institutions have policies that consider open source software as an option for procurement. However, open source is only equally considered alongside closed source options 25% of the time. The document provides resources for informing, suggesting, challenging, and contributing to the discussion around open source adoption policies.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data WarehouseFederico Razzoli
Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you.
A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services.
But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts.
We will discuss these topics:
- How to gather information about a business;
- Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities;
- Dimensions and facts;
- Setting a table granularity;
- Types of facts;
- Types of dimensions;
- Snowflakes and how to avoid them;
- Expanding existing dimensions and facts.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
4. “Intellectual Property results from
the expression of an idea. So IP
might be a brand, an invention, a
design, a song or another
intellectual creation. IP can be
owned, bought and sold.”
http://www.ipo.gov.uk/
5. Does Intellectual Property = Property?
The owner of intellectual property has a timed monopoly on its use
Intellectual property law protects that monopoly
Intellectual property rights come in two types: registered or unregistered
There are many kinds of intellectual property
6. Varieties of Intellectual Property Include...
Patents – protect inventions
Trademarks – protect identifiers used by businesses
Database Rights – protect comprehensive collections of data
Design Rights – protect the shape and design of products
Copyright...
7. Copyright...
is a form of intellectual property
is an unregistered right – it comes into existence at the same time that
the work is 'fixed'
protects the 'fixed' form of an idea, not the idea itself – the expression
side of the idea/expression boundary
protects material that is ‘original’ (requiring ‘skill, labour and judgement’
to create, not a 'slavish copy' of something else).
8. Copyright...
protects literary and artistic material, music, films, sound recordings and
broadcasts, including software and multimedia, databases that are
selective rather than exhaustive
does not protect works that are 'insubstantial' – in terms of either quantity
or quality
gives the author exclusive economic rights over the copyrighted material
9. Copyright...
Artistic merit or high complexity is not required – a filled pools coupon
has qualified for protection in the past
Even copying may introduce an additional layer of ownership – for
example the photographing of paintings
No monopoly - independent creation of identical works results in two
copyrights, one for each creator
10. Copyright...
Non-commercial infringement carries civil penalties – fines up to £50,000
Commercial infringement can attract criminal penalties – up to 10 years
imprisonment for most serious offences
12. What exclusive economic rights do authors have?
Making copies
Issuing copies to the public (publication, performing,
broadcasting, online distribution)
Renting or lending copies
Adapting the work (including translating)
13. What if I'm employed to create copyright material?
Your employment contract will govern who owns the copyright, although
the default position will be that your employer does
For University of Oxford employees the position is spelled out in the
University Statutes XVI part b
Even works created outside working hours may be owned by your
employer if they are of the same general type as you are employed to
create
Beware! If you bring in contractors or consultants they will by default own
the copyright in their work unless the contract you arrange says otherwise
14. When does copyright expire under UK law?
For literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work, 70 years after the death of the author
For films, the 70 years after the last death of principal director, the authors of the screenplay
and dialogue, and the composer of any music specially created for the film
For sound recordings, 50 years after the year or production or the year of publication,
whichever is later
For broadcasts, 50 years after first broadcast
For the layout of publications, 25 years after publication
Note: all terms calculated from the end of the year in question
Also note: The duration of copyright protection has changed several times over the last
decades, meaning that some authors have enjoyed renewed copyright.
15. What's a copyright licence?
A copyright licence is an agreement between a copyright owner (licensor)
and another person or group (the licensee)
This agreement permits the licensee to do things which would otherwise be
protected actions under intellectual property law
Thus a copyright licence might permit the licensee to copy the work,
communicate it to the public, adapt it or perform it (or any combination of
those)
Copyright licences can be exclusive or non-exclusive
Copyright licences do not have to be heavyweight legal documents. For low-risk
licensing scenarios a simple fax or email containing permission in natural
language is fine.
17. What are moral rights?
to be identified as the author of the work
to object to derogatory treatment of the work which would
prejudicial to the honour or reputation of the author
to not be falsely identified as the author of a work
to keep photos or films commissioned for 'private and domestic
purposes' private
Though do note:
Moral rights must be asserted formally to anyone who receives the
work
Moral rights can be waived
Computer programs, newspaper and magazine articles and
material in reference works such as dictionaries do not come with
moral rights,
18. What are performance rights?
rights over a musical, dramatic, recitative or improvised performances
by default owned by the performer themselves
grant the right to control how recordings of the performance are distributed
and exploited:
+ right to equitable remuneration
+ right to approve recording and the issuing of that recording to the public
important for podcasting
19. What are database rights?
a relatively recent right – 1996 – made necessary by advances in
online access to databases
protect collections of data that have taken investment to create
prevent copying of database as a whole and also its reconstruction
via multiple queries
likely to cover raw results of academic research
individual elements in a database may also have copyright
protection
the database itself might qualify for copyright protection as a whole
if “by reason of the selection or arrangement of the contents of the
database the database constitutes the author's own intellectual
creation”
do not exist in the US
20. Defamation, infringement and takedown
Managing a web site which publishes user submissions is hard
Copyright infringement, defamation and incitement are constant concerns
2002 e commerce regulations provide some protections:
“[The hosting provider is safe if it]
(I) does not have actual knowledge of unlawful activity or information and,
where a claim for damages is made, is not aware of facts or circumstances
from which it would have been apparent to the service provider that the
activity or information was unlawful; or
(ii) upon obtaining such knowledge or awareness, acts expeditiously to
remove or to disable access to the information, and
(b) the recipient of the service was not acting under the authority or the
control of the service provider.”
23. What is Fair Dealing?
Similar to the well-known phrase from US law 'Fair Use'
Fair Use provides loose guidelines that allow a court to decide if a particular
use is infringing or not
Fair Dealing is more rigidly codified and less open to interpretation by courts
David Cameron instituted the Hargreaves Review of IP (reporting May 2011)
to look at whether the UK should adopt a looser, Fair Use-style of exception
Hargreaves said “no”.
Nevertheless the review recommended revising the Fair Dealing exceptions
to allow greater freedom to data-mine, archive, format-shift and produce
parodies
24. What is Fair Dealing?
'Fair Dealing' is a term which describes certain uses of a copyright work
under certain defined circumstances. Provided that these circumstances are
in place, no permission for this use is required from the copyright owner.
The 'Fair Dealing' exceptions can be read in full in the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988 (and subsequent amendments)
On the following slides some of these exceptions will be described briefly.
Refer to the Act to find the precise detail of the exceptions, and for some
others not mentioned here
25. What are the Fair Dealing exceptions?
Research and private study
A "reasonable proportion" of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work can
be copied provided that only one copy is made for non-commercial research
Criticism, review and news reporting
any copyright material may be copied provided that acknowledgement of the
source is made in the resulting material (with the exception of sound
recordings and film in used current events reporting, where no
acknowledgement is necessary)
Photos are excluded from the current event reporting exception,
acknowledged or not.
26. What are the Fair Dealing exceptions? (continued)
Things done for purposes of instruction or examination
Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works may be copied if the copying is
done by the instructor themselves and the method of reproduction is not
reprographic (so transcription would be required)
Sound recordings and films may be copied if the copying is done by the
instructor themselves and the subject being taught is the making of films or film
soundtracks
Nearly all protected activities relating to setting questions for exams, making
questions available to examinees and answering those questions are permitted
(only copying sheet music for performance in an exam is not)
Materials generated under this exception (things done for purposes of
instruction or examination) become infringing copies if they are subsequently
sold, hired or communicated to the public.
27. What are the Fair Dealing exceptions? (continued)
Exceptions involving libraries and librarians
Librarians can make single copies of periodical articles and sections from
literary, dramatic or musical works for library users provided that they are
satisfied that the user will be covered by the 'Research and Private Study'
exception (a statutory form of words exists which can be obtained from the
library in question and signed by the library user).
31. Other practical measures
Google alerts set up on distinctive phrases (in quotes)
Google image search
Media hosting ID tools such as Youtube Content ID
Consider distribution via established licensing channels like Apple
iBookstore and Amazon Kindle Store. DRM outside these channels
tends to be ineffective
Keep media files at low bit rates
More formal copyright registries and licensing mechanisms should
emerge from the implementation of the Hargreaves Review
Mark your work with metadata that identifies its licence terms
32. What can I do with others' material?
A less settled question than before...
We used to be able to assume that placing works on the web at
least granted an implied licence to copy them into memory on a client
computer for viewing. 2011 - NLA v Meltwater has brought that into
question
Uses within the Fair Dealing exceptions
Use of material whose protection has expired
Use of material too insubstantial to be protected
Use of material that could be argued to be in the public interest (be
careful)
Low risk reuse of orphan works with takedown arrangements (be
very careful)
33. What else can I safely reuse?
Some materials covered by the institutional licences from bodies like
CLA, NLA
– However these uses are closely circumscribed, and do not
extend to use on the general web
Materials that you have overtly licensed for your use from their
owners, for example picture libraries
Materials that are available under one of the various open licences
36. What is Creative Commons?
• Derived from free and open source software licensing
• Founded in 2001 by Prof Lawrence Lessig at the University of
Stanford
• Designed to push back against increased enclosure of
‘intellectual commons’
• Six ‘general’, regionalised licences for easy sharing of rights
in content
• A suite of machine-, human- and lawyer-readable licences
• Some cool icons
37. What are the conditions?
Attribution
• Author must be acknowledged on all copies and adaptations
of the work, including a link to the original version of the work
38. What are the conditions?
Non-commercial
• The work can only be used for non-commercial purposes
39. What are the conditions?
No Derivatives
• The work can only be distributed in its original form; no
adaptations or translations can be made
40. What are the conditions?
Sharealike
• The work can be modified and adapted, but the entire resulting work
(including new material added by the adaptor) must be distributed under
the same sharealike licence
42. What does adaptation mean?
• Your authorship will always be acknowledged
• Some examples
– Re-use in educational material
– Sampling your voice to use in electronic music
– Incorporating still or moving images into a Youtube video
• Re-use must avoid ‘derogatory treatment’ meaning adaptation
that risks having a detrimental effect on your reputation
43. What is a collective work?
• A work in which a series of unmodified works appear side by
side
• Think of an anthology
• Even works that do not allow derivatives can be aggregated
into a collective work, provided each work is not altered in
itself and is not ‘contained’ within a larger single work.
44. How do I attribute?
• The author may have specified precisely how they wish to be attributed –
always check
• Otherwise…
• Keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and give the original author
'credit reasonable to the medium'
• Convey the title of the work if supplied
• Include an URL for the work as long as the version of the work at the URL
includes ownership and licensing information
• In an adaptation explain the use made of the work and credit the original
author as prominently as the adapter
• Credit may be implemented 'in any reasonable manner'
45. How do I publish?
• http://www.creativecommons.org provides a web-based tool
for applying CC licences to web resources
• Make sure the material is actually yours to publish
• Be wary of using logos that might be trademarks (except in
attribution contexts)
47. Other open licences
• CC0 – public domain dedication
• Free and open source software licences
• GNU Free Documentation License
• Open Data Commons licences
– Designed to deal with database rights
– CC-BY and CC-BY-SA equivalents
– Also a public domain dedication
• Open Government Licence – developed by the National Archives to cover
public sector materials. Broadly a CC-BY equivalent
51. How does the University claim rights to work?
Employment and studentship agreements 'import' the statutes of the
University of Oxford
Signature of such agreements indicates assent to the statutes
The statutes cover many topics including IP
The statutes lay out whose work is claimed, and the varieties of work that are
claimed.
For a work to be claimed it must be both of the prescribed kind and created
by a prescribed kind of individual (and not specifically excluded).
Assent to the statutes includes assent to sign any necessary additional
licences required by the University
53. What kinds of work are claimed?
(1) works generated by computer hardware or software owned or operated by the
University;
(2) films, videos, multimedia works, typographical arrangements, field and laboratory
notebooks, and other works created with the aid of university facilities;
(3) patentable and non-patentable inventions;
(4) registered and unregistered designs, plant varieties, and topographies;
(5) university-commissioned works not within (1), (2), (3), or (4);
(6) databases, computer software, firmware, courseware, and related material not
within (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5), but only if they may reasonably be considered to possess
commercial potential; and
(7) know-how and information associated with the above.
54. What kinds of work are not claimed (even if they are caught in the
definitions on the previous page)?
artistic works, books, articles, plays, lyrics, scores, or lectures, apart from
those specifically commissioned by the University;
audio or visual aids to the giving of lectures; or
computer-related works other than those specified on the previous page
55. What does “specifically commissioned by the University” mean?
“works which the University has specifically employed or requested the
person concerned to produce, whether in return for special payment or not”
Excludes works commissioned by Oxford University Press, for which
separate agreements are likely to be made
56. The four Fair Use factors (US)
the purpose and character of your use
the nature of the copyrighted work
the amount and substantiality of the portion taken, and
the effect of the use upon the potential market.