This presentation is about cooling tower & cooing water treatment & cooing water problems. In the end the presentation can able to understand about operation & monitoring of cooling water.
Basic Thermal Power Plant Chemistry, for Operational Staff.Syed Aqeel Ahmed
Understand the basics of Water Quality Control to avoid the scale corrosion and biological growth in the Power plant system, and to operate the mentioned at max performance.
Understand the troubleshooting events to the plant chemistry system
Here I explained about power plant chemistry. Explained in details how to produce DM water, cooling water, drinking water etc from raw water. Also discussed about main plant steam cycle chemistry.
Essentials for a sound boiler water treatment programlorenzo Monasca
El agua de Calderas es la base del proceso de Generacion de Vapor. Esta presentacion de Cleaver Brooks y Nalco empresas de clase mundial nos dan los consejos precisos para la conservacion de la estructura de la caldera por corrosion acida y depositos de solidos minerales.Elige el tratamineto recomendable.
Basic Thermal Power Plant Chemistry, for Operational Staff.Syed Aqeel Ahmed
Understand the basics of Water Quality Control to avoid the scale corrosion and biological growth in the Power plant system, and to operate the mentioned at max performance.
Understand the troubleshooting events to the plant chemistry system
Here I explained about power plant chemistry. Explained in details how to produce DM water, cooling water, drinking water etc from raw water. Also discussed about main plant steam cycle chemistry.
Essentials for a sound boiler water treatment programlorenzo Monasca
El agua de Calderas es la base del proceso de Generacion de Vapor. Esta presentacion de Cleaver Brooks y Nalco empresas de clase mundial nos dan los consejos precisos para la conservacion de la estructura de la caldera por corrosion acida y depositos de solidos minerales.Elige el tratamineto recomendable.
Performance Analysis of the Natural Draft Cooling Tower in Different SeasonsIOSR Journals
Cooling towers are the biggest heat and mass transfer devices that are in widespread use. In this
paper we use a natural draft counter flow cooling tower in investigating the performance of cooling tower in
different seasons. The humidity is defined as water particles present in air. The humidity is the major factor in
the atmosphere, it depends upon ambient temperature. Humidity is high in winter season and low in summer
season.
The performance of the natural draft cooling tower is dominated by wind speed, ambient air
temperatures and humidity in the atmospheric conditions. When the humidity is high in atmosphere, large
quantity of water is required for cooling condensate. When humidity is low in atmosphere, small quantity of
water is required for cooling condensate. The value of relative humidity in the atmosphere varies from place to
place and season. The different losses in the cooling tower such as drift losses, evaporation losses and blow
down losses can be calculated. The maintenance of cooling tower in the form of removal of scale or corrosion
plays important role in the performance of the tower. The performance of the natural draft cooling tower of 500
MW is evaluated.
Energy efficiency in Refrigeration Systemseecfncci
HVAC and refrigeration systems consume a lot of electricity in Nepalese Industries. Therefore, improving the efficiency of these systems can lead to huge cost savings. This presentation was held in the context of energy auditor training in Nepal in 2012 that was supported GIZ/NEEP Programme.
2nd CSP Training series : solar desalination (1/2)Leonardo ENERGY
* Solar desalination technologies.
* Multi-Effect Distillation with solar energy
* Double Effect Absorption Heat Pump use in solar MED desalination
* Hybrid solar-gas desalination systems
* Thermal storage to 24 h operation
Final report on spent solution in hydroprateekj765
Assessment of cooling towers, cooling tower efficiency, assessment of cooling towers fans, material required, maintenance operations, calculation of flow rate of spent
Similar to Cooling Tower & cooling water treatment (20)
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
1. “PREPARATION ON #300 AREA”
IW SUPPLY SYSTEM
PREPARED BY : JAYPALSINH BORADHARA
EMPLOYEE CODE : Y00550
DEPARTMENT : UTILITY (W22)
DATE : 18--2017
2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF WATER
TREATMENT SECTION
ABOUT #300 AREA (COOLING TOWER)
WATER IMPURITIES & ITS EFFECT
COOLING WATER PROBLEMS
SUPPLY FLOW RATE & REQUIREMENTS
MAIN SPECIFICATION OF COOLING TOWER
SITE PICTURES
MASS FLOW BALANCE SHEET
3. 100 #
Treated Water plant
300#
IW cooling
system
UTILITY CONTROL
BUILDING
800#
PA Station
400#
DM WATER PLANT
WATER SYSTEM
700#
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
N2 & H2
STATION
NG
STATION
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
4. COOLING TOWER
Cooling towers are heat removal devices
used to transfer process waste heat to
the atmosphere. Cooling towers may either
use the evaporation of water to remove
process heat and cool the working fluid to
near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the
case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely
solely on air to cool the working fluid to near
the dry-bulb air temperature.
5. TYPES OF COOLING TOWER
COOLING TOWERS
Natural Draft Mechanical Draft
Design of Cooling tower is
such that cold air at the
bottom of tower pushes the
warmer air out from top.
Forced Draft
Air is pushed in
the tower with a
fan at the side.
Induced Draft
Air is pulled from
cooling tower by
a fan at the top
Counter Flow Cross Flow
9. FRAME & CASING – support the exterior enclosures
FILL- to facilitate heat transfer by maximizing water & air contact
COLD WATER BASIN- the basin usually has a sump or low point for
the cold water discharge connection.
DRIFT ELIMINATORS - these capture water droplets entrapped in the
air stream that, otherwise would be lost to the atmosphere
LOUVERS – the purpose of louvers is to equalize air flow into the fill
and retain the water within the tower. mostly used in cross flow.
NOZZLES – these provide the water sprays to wet the fill.
FANS – propeller & centrifugal are generally used in cooling tower.
propeller fan is generally used in induced draft.
COOLING TOWER COMPONENTS
10. COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE
COOLONG TOWER
PERFORMANCE :
COOLONG RANGE :-
RANGE = HOT WATER
TEMPRATURE – COLD
WATER TEMPERATURE
COOLING TOWER
APPROACH :-
APPROACH = COLD WATER
TEMPERATURE – WET BULB
TEMPERATURE
11. EVAPORATION E:-
E = ∆T × R × 0.00085 (T in °F)
E = ∆T × R × 0.00153 (T in °C) Where,
where, E=Evaporation
R= Recirculating Rate in (m3/hour)
Temperature drop ∆T:-
∆T= TR – TS where TR – inlet temp.
TS – outlet temp.
Make up Water MU:-
MU = E + BD where, MU = make up rate (m3/hour)
E = evaporation rate (m3/hour)
BD = blowdown rate (m3/hour)
COOLING TOWER CALCULATION
12. COOLING TOWER CALCULATION
BLOW DOWN RATE BD:-
BD= E/CR-1 Where, BD = blowdown rate (m3/hour)
E = evaporation rate (m3/hour)
CR = cycle of concentration
CYCLE OF CONCENTRATION :-
C.O.C = TSS in recirculation water
TSS in make up water
14. CORROSION
An electrochemical process in which a metal in it’s elemental
form returns to it’s native.
WATER (ELECTROLYTE)
O2
Fe(OH)2
ANODE
Fe
++
ELECTRON
FLOW
CATHODE
OH
-
O
=
O2
H O2
3
Fe(OH)
15. Reduced heat transfer (lost efficiency)
Increased cleaning (added costs and hassle)
Equipment repair and replacement (lost revenue)
Process or waste–side contamination (poor product
quality)
Unscheduled shutdown (lost revenue)
CONSEQUENCE OF CORROSION
17. Two dissimilar metals in contact with an
electrolyte
Anode and Cathode in different metals
One metal is the anode, the other is the
cathode
One metal corrodes, the other is protected
Galvanic Corrosion
Brass Bolt
Aluminum
Electrolyte
Corroded Zones
19. CONCENTRATION CELL
Anode and Cathode in same metal (c.f.
galvanic corrosion
Anode becomes localized by some mechanism
that makes it the preferred site
Can occur at crevices or under deposits
21. PITTING
Caused by Localized Deposition & Differential Oxygen cells.
Tuberculation leads to pitting
Water
Iron
Tubercle
Protective Film
Pit Forming
at Small Anodes(陽極)
22. Selective Leaching
Selective removal of one element from an alloy
by corrosion
–Examples:
• Dezincification - removal of zinc from brass alloys
• Graphitization - removal of Fe from cast iron
• Dealuminumification - removal of Al from aluminum
bronzes
• Denickelification - removal of Ni from Cu: Ni Alloy
27. STRESS CORROSION CRACKING(SCC)
Localized attack due to a combination of surface
tensile stress, temperature and a corrosive
environment
Either inter or transgranular
Certain ions are particularly aggressive to certain
metals
31. FOULANTS
• Suspended Solids - settle in low flow areas
–obey Stokes Law
–shell-side coolers, plate exchangers
• Organic materials and microorganisms can act
as binding agents
• Do not form scale deposits by themselves
35. MAIN SPECIFICATION OF COOLING TOWER
1300M3/Hour×2 cells× 45 – 35 ° C Cross flow type
× 29 ° C –W.B (Including 1 set stand by)
Flow rate = 1200 m3/hour
Cycle of concentration = 3 times
Inlet temperature = 45 ° C
Outlet temperature = 35 ° C
Windage loss = 0.22 %
36. • Evaporation loss = 20.7 m3/hour
• Windage loss = 0.24 m3/hour
• Blow down = 10.1 m3/hour
• Make up = 31.1 m3/hour
Retention Time (T) for cold well = 1258 m3/hour
1200 m3/hour
T = 62.9 minutes.
IW supply pumps = 720 CMH × 65 M × 3 sets ( Including 1 set
stand by)
Emergency IW pump = 250 CMH × 60 M × 1 set
MAIN SPECIFICATION OF COOLING TOWER