This document discusses three types of speciation: allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Allopatric speciation occurs when geographic barriers lead to reproductive isolation. Parapatric speciation takes place when subpopulations within a species become isolated. Sympatric speciation can happen in the absence of geographic isolation through the exploitation of new ecological niches. Examples of each type of speciation in various animal species are provided.

1. Evolution and Gene
FrequenciesParapatric, and
Allopatric,
Sympatric Speciation
By: Levi Webster and Ally Whitacre
Zoo 1 2007-2008

2. Speciation
Definition
Reproductive
Isolation
Gene Pool

3. Allopatric Speciation
 Geographic isolation
•Barriers
•Distance
Tyle
r

4. Allopatric Example
 Spider
Stowaways
Tetragnatha viridorufa
http://www.southindianspiders.com/south-indian-spiders3.htm

5. Parapatric Speciation
 Demes-
subpopulations

6. Parapatric Example
 Wolves in
Montana
http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/mapcom/mt_mapscom.htm
http://www.hoothollow.com/Trip%20Report%20-%20Animals%20of%20Montana%20Jan%202006.html

7. Sympatric Speciation
 Nolarge
scale
Niche
Northern Ghost Bat
Diclidurus albus
/
http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/crofot

8. Sympatric Example

9. Question 1
 Throughout a large coral reef system lives
a population of clown fish. Some prefer to
live in a more elevated section of the reef,
while the others prefer a more secluded
region. This could result in what type of
speciation?
A. Allopatric
B. Parapatric
C. Sympatric

10. Question 2
 Millions of years ago, a major geographical
event occured that resulted in worldwide
speciation. What was the event and what
was the primary type of speciation that
resulted?
Continental drift; Allopatric

11. Question 3
 A species of tortoise lives on a grassy plain.
They are herbivores and enjoy grasses and
leaves. One group of this species, over time,
develops a longer neck to eat leaves easier.
What type of speciation is this?
A. Allopatric
B. Sympatric
C. Parapatric

12. References
 Sympatric Speciation, Accessed on Oct. 10, 2007
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/VC1eSymp
 Allopatric Speciation: The Great Divide, Accessed
on Oct. 9, 2007
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/VC1b
Allopatric.shtml
 Parapatric Speciation, Accessed on Oct. 9, 2007
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/VC1d
Parapatric.shtml