Conversation analysis is an approach to studying social interaction through verbal and non-verbal communication. It began focused on casual conversation but now examines more structured interactions. Key structures include turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and hedges. Turn-taking refers to how people decide who speaks next based on cues and culture. Adjacency pairs are two related utterances by different speakers. Hedges soften speech and set boundaries.

1. CONVERSATION
ANALYSIS
Prepared By:
Amna Ilyas

2. Introduction
• Conversation analysis is an approach to the
study of social interaction, embracing both
verbal and non-verbal conduct, in situations of
everyday life.
• As its name implies, CA began with a focus on
casual conversation, but its methods were
subsequently adapted to embrace more task-
and institution-centered interactions

3. Basic Structures
• Turn-taking
Conversational Floor
Transition Relevance Places
• Adjacency Pairs
• Hedges

4. Turn-Taking
• Turn-taking refers to
the process by which
people in a
conversation decide
who is to speak next. It
depends on both
cultural factors and
subtle cues.

5. Cont..
• Conversational Floor
refers to the person
who is dominating the
conversation and
holding the
conversational floor by
not giving turn to the
other person in
conversation.

6. Cont..
• Transition Relevance
Places are those points
in conversation those
are appropriate for the
changing turn. Other
speaker can take the
floor in Transition
Relevance Places.

7. Adjacency Pairs
• An adjacency pair is an
example of conversational
turn-taking. An adjacency
pair is composed of two
utterances by two
speakers, one after the
other. The speaking of the
first utterance (the first-
pair part, or the first turn)
provokes a responding
utterance (the second-
pair part, or the second
turn).

8. Hedges
• Hedges are boundaries
of speech. They are also
use to soften the
conversation.

9. Conclusion
• These were some
patterns used in
conversational analysis.
Conversation analysis is
a vast area of study and
Turn-Taking is a
important element in
that and very helpful in
conversation analysis.