This document discusses different types of valves used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems. It describes gate valves, globe valves, plug valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, pinch valves, pressure relief valves, and how to identify each type. Gate valves are simple linear valves that are fully open or closed. Globe valves can regulate flow better than gate valves but are more expensive. Plug valves are quarter-turn valves used for on/off applications. Ball valves are also quarter-turn valves that are smaller than gate valves. Butterfly valves are compact quarter-turn valves suitable for large applications. Pinch valves are used to control slurry flow. Pressure relief valves protect systems from overpressure by releasing pressure at a set point.