This document provides guidelines for positioning patients for contrast exams of the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, large bowel, and urinary system. It includes the routine views and positioning for esophagrams, upper GI studies, small bowel follow through, barium enemas, intravenous urograms, and cystography. It also describes common anatomical landmarks and pathology seen on these exams.
Discuss the General ,Surface and Radiographic anatomy of the abdomen .
Preparation of patient .
Radiographic technique.
Image evaluation.
Radiation protection.
radiological anatomy of retroperitoneum powerpointDactarAdhikari
brief and concise on radiological anatomy of retroperitoneum
includes topic like pararenal space,perirenal space,fascial plane,retroperitoneum hematoma and sign of mass origin
neck anatomy radiology CT scan Mri larunx pharynx The laryngeal skeleton consists of the hyoid bone, cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis, and paired arytenoid cartilages.
The endolarynx can be subdivided into the supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis.
The supraglottis extends from the tip of the epiglottis above to the laryngeal ventricle below.
The glottis includes the true vocal cords and both the anterior and posterior commissures.
The subglottis extends from the inferior border of the glottic region to the inferior edge of the cricoid cartilage.
There are three intralaryngeal compartments: the paired lateral paraglottic space and the midline preepiglottic space.
The paraglottic space : lies between the mucosa and
The hypopharynx is the most caudal portion of the pharynx
Extends from the level of the hyoid bone and valleculae to the upper esophageal sphincter.
It is formed for the most part by the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
he hypopharynx includes the piriform sinuses, the postcricoid region, and the posterior hypopharyngeal wall.
The piriform sinus is situated bilaterally between the thyroid cartilage and the aryepiglottic fold, and is adjacent to the paraglottic space and the cricoid cartilage.
The postcricoid region extends from the cricoarytenoid joints to the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeus muscle).
The posterior wall of the hypopharynx is the inferior continuation of the posterior oropharynx wall
Radiological anatomy of Knee joint.pptxAlauddin Md
Radiological anatomy of Knee joint , this is prepared by me for my presentation at department. if someone is benefitted that will be a great pleasure for me.
Discuss the General ,Surface and Radiographic anatomy of the abdomen .
Preparation of patient .
Radiographic technique.
Image evaluation.
Radiation protection.
radiological anatomy of retroperitoneum powerpointDactarAdhikari
brief and concise on radiological anatomy of retroperitoneum
includes topic like pararenal space,perirenal space,fascial plane,retroperitoneum hematoma and sign of mass origin
neck anatomy radiology CT scan Mri larunx pharynx The laryngeal skeleton consists of the hyoid bone, cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis, and paired arytenoid cartilages.
The endolarynx can be subdivided into the supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis.
The supraglottis extends from the tip of the epiglottis above to the laryngeal ventricle below.
The glottis includes the true vocal cords and both the anterior and posterior commissures.
The subglottis extends from the inferior border of the glottic region to the inferior edge of the cricoid cartilage.
There are three intralaryngeal compartments: the paired lateral paraglottic space and the midline preepiglottic space.
The paraglottic space : lies between the mucosa and
The hypopharynx is the most caudal portion of the pharynx
Extends from the level of the hyoid bone and valleculae to the upper esophageal sphincter.
It is formed for the most part by the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
he hypopharynx includes the piriform sinuses, the postcricoid region, and the posterior hypopharyngeal wall.
The piriform sinus is situated bilaterally between the thyroid cartilage and the aryepiglottic fold, and is adjacent to the paraglottic space and the cricoid cartilage.
The postcricoid region extends from the cricoarytenoid joints to the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeus muscle).
The posterior wall of the hypopharynx is the inferior continuation of the posterior oropharynx wall
Radiological anatomy of Knee joint.pptxAlauddin Md
Radiological anatomy of Knee joint , this is prepared by me for my presentation at department. if someone is benefitted that will be a great pleasure for me.
Role of medical imaging in developemental dysplasia of Hip Dr muhammad Bin Zu...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss the role of medical imaging---plain Radiography, Ultrasound,Arthrography, CT and MRI in the evaluation of Developemental dysplasia of hip. Our main focuss will be on Sonographic evaluation.
Muscle Testing of Neck & Scapula
Prof. Satyen Bhattacharyya
Associate Professor: BIMLS, Bardhaman
Chief Physio: Fit O Fine
Director: Well O Fit Healthcare PVT. LTD.
Neck Manual Muscle Testing
Neck Flexion
Origin: Anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle
Insertion: Lateral aspect of mastoid process and anterior half of superior nuchal line
Nerve supply: Axillary Nerve
Note
Factors Limiting Motion:
1- Tension of posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamenta flava, and interspinal and supraspinal ligaments
2- Tension of posterior muscles of neck
3- Apposition of lower lips of vertebral bodies anteriorly with surfaces of subjacent vertebrae
4- Compression of intervertebral fibrocartilages in front
Fixation:
1- Contraction of anterior abdominal muscles
2-Weight of thorax and upper extremities
Normal & Good
Position: Supine.
Stabilization: Stabilize lower thorax.
Desired Motion: Patient flexes cervical spine through range of motion.
Resistance: Is given on forehead
Note
If there is a difference in strength of the two Sternocleidomastoideus muscles, they may be tested separately by rotation of head to one side and flexion of neck.
Resistance is given above ear.
Fair & Poor
Position: supine.
Stabilization: Stabilize lower thorax.
Desired Motion: Patient flexes cervical spine through full ROM for fair grade and through partial range for poor.
Trace & Zero
The Sternocleidomastoideus muscles maybe palpated on each side of neck as patient attempts to flex.
Muscles contribute to Neck Extension
Splenius capitis
Origin: Lower ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments T1-3
Insertion: Lateral occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Nerve supply: Greater occipital nerve
Trapezius (superior fibers)
Origin: Base of the skull & posterior
ligaments of the neck
Insertion: Posterior aspect of the lateral 3rd of clavicle
N. supply: Greater occipital nerve
Splenius cervicis
Origin: Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T3-T6
Insertion: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3
Action: Neck Extension
Nerve supply:
Semispinalis capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of first 6 or 7 thoracic and 7th cervical vertebrae & Articular processes of fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Between superior & inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
Nerve supply: Greater occipital nerve
Note
Factors Limiting Motion:
1-Tension of anterior longitudinal ligament of spine
2-Tension of ventral neck muscles
3-Approximation of spinous processes
Fixation:
1-Contraction of spinal extensor muscles of thorax and depressor muscles of scapulae and clavicles
2- Weight of trunk and upper extremities
Normal & Good
Position: Prone with neck in flexion.
Stabilization: Stabilize upper thoracic area and scapulae.
Desired Motion: Patient extends cervical spine through ROM.
Resistance: Is given on occiput.
Fair & Poor
Position: Prone with neck flexed.
Stabiliza
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
COVID-19 PCR tests remain a critical component of safe and responsible travel in 2024. They ensure compliance with international travel regulations, help detect and control the spread of new variants, protect vulnerable populations, and provide peace of mind. As we continue to navigate the complexities of global travel during the pandemic, PCR testing stands as a key measure to keep everyone safe and healthy. Whether you are planning a business trip, a family vacation, or an international adventure, incorporating PCR testing into your travel plans is a prudent and necessary step. Visit us at https://www.globaltravelclinics.com/
This document is designed as an introductory to medical students,nursing students,midwives or other healthcare trainees to improve their understanding about how health system in Sri Lanka cares children health.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
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2. The following information is only a
personal suggested guideline to
follow when positioning for
Contrast exams.
For additional information on
positioning of these exams, please
reference your Radiographic
Positioning and Related Anatomy
Textbook.
2
4. AP/PA Esophagram
• Body is supine or prone
• Align MS to midline
• Ensure no rotation
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP is to T5-T6(3”inferior to
jugular notch)
• Collimate a hand width
• Instruct patient to swallow
barium/expose
4
6. Lateral Esophagram
• Body is in lateral recumbent
• Midcoronal plane to midline
• Ensure no rotation
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP is to T5-T6(3”inferior to
jugular notch)
• Collimate a hand width
• Instruct patient to swallow
barium/expose
6
11. RAO/LPO Esophagram
• Body is rotated 35°-40°
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP is to T5-T6(3”inferior
to jugular notch)
• Collimate to hand width
• Instruct patient to
swallow barium/expose
11
15. LAO/RPO Esophagram
• Body is rotated 35°-40°
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP is to T5-T6(3”inferior
to jugular notch)
• Collimate to hand width
• Instruct patient to
swallow barium/expose
15
29. AP/PA UGI
• Body is recumbent
• Ensure no rotation
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP for Sthenic is to L1* & 1”
left of midline
• CP for Hypersthenic is 2”
above L1 & near midline
• *one hand width above crest
29
30. AP PA
What is in the fundus?
What is the spine doing? Straight
Barium = Air =
30
31. RAO UGI
• Body is rotated 40°-70°
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP for Sthenic is to L1* -
w/45°-55° Oblique
• CP for Hypersthenic is 2”
above L1 - w/70° Oblique
• And midway between spine &
upside lateral abdomen
• *one hand width above crest 31
32. What is in the fundus?
What is the spine doing?
Air
Obliqued 32
33. Lateral UGI
• Body is in lateral recumbent
• Midcoronal plane to midline
• Ensure no rotation
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP for Sthenic is to L1* & 1-2”
anterior to MC plane
• CP for hypersthenic is 2” above
L1
• * one hand width above crest
33
34. What is in the fundus?
What is the spine doing?
Air
Lateral 34
35. LPO UGI
• Body is rotated 30°-60°
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP for Sthenic is to L1*
w/45° Oblique
• CP for hypersthenic is 2” above
L1 - w/60° Oblique
• And midway between MS & left
lateral abdomen
• * one hand width above crest
35
36. What is in the fundus?
What is the spine doing?
Barium
Obliqued 36
51. (SBFT)
Small Bowel Follow
Through
• The prone position allows
abdominal compression to
separate the various loops of
bowel, creating a higher
degree of visibility. However
follow departmental
protocols 51
52. (SBFT)
Small Bowel Follow
Through
• Depending on departmental
protocol, the Immediate, 15 &
30 min. images are generally
centered at least 2” above crest.
Additional timed images
thereafter are centered at the
crest to include pubic bone.
52
85. Lateral Rectum BE
• Body is in lateral recumbent
• Midcoronal plane to midline
• Ensure no rotation
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP at level of ASIS &
Midcoronal Plane
85
87. Lateral Decubitus BE
• Body is in lateral recumbent
• Ensure no rotation with IR
• CR is horizontal to IR
• CP at iliac crest*
• *possibly center higher for when
Left colis/splenic flexure is up.
87
91. AP Axial Oblique
LPO (Butterfly) BE
• Body is rotated 30°-40° LPO
• CR 30°-40° cephalad to IR
• CP 2” inferior and 2” medial
to right ASIS
• Elongates sigmoid colon
91
94. PA Axial Oblique
RAO (Butterfly) BE
• Body is rotated 35°-45° LPO
• CR 30°-40° caudad to IR
• CP at the level of the ASIS
and 2” to the left of the
lumbar spinous processes
• Elongates sigmoid colon
94
95. AP Post Evac BE
• Body is supine
• Align MSP to Midline
• Ensure no rotation
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP to iliac crest
95
109. AP Nephrogram Urography
• Body is supine
• MS to midline
• Ensure no rotation
• 10°-20° angle tomogram
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP midway between xiphoid
& iliac crest
109
110. Understanding Kidney positioning for
Tomography slices
Scout: Measure
thickness of patient
including pad.
Divide by 2, then
subtract 2.
110
112. LPO/RPO Intravenous Urography
• Body is rotated 30°
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP at the iliac crest
• LPO = Right kidney in profile,
proximal left ureter & distal right
ureter.
• RPO = Left kidney in profile; proximal
right ureter & distal left ureter.
112
115. AP Uprt/PA Post Void
Intravenous Urography
• Body is AP Uprt or prone
• Align MSP to Midline
• Ensure no rotation
• CR ┴ to IR
• CP to iliac crest *MUST
include bladder
115