1. The document discusses various topics related to physical geography of India including population distribution, climate, monsoon patterns, drainage patterns, major rivers, mountain ranges, and more. 2. Key points include that West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Kerala have the highest population densities, the monsoon retreats gradually from the northern part of India and rapidly from the southern part, and the Vindhya Range is located south of the Satpura Range. 3. Multiple choice questions with answers are provided to test comprehension on topics like climate vs weather, characteristics of different forest types, factors affecting temperature variations, and physical features of major rivers.

1. Contemporary India-I (Geog)
IX NCERT (new)
1. India is third most densely populated country after Bangladesh and Japan. Consider the
statements about population distribution in India and choose the correct ones:
1. Delhi is the only administrative unit of India with more than 1000 people per square
kilometer.
2. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Kerala are the states with maximum density
of population.
3. Assam is the only North Eastern State with density of population more than National
average.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) All the above
ans. C
• Delhi (9340), Chandigarh (7900), Puducherry (2034), Daman & Diu (1413) has density of
population above 1000. In States, West Bengal (903), Bihar (881), Kerala (819), UP (690)
tops the list. Assam density of population is 340 against national average of 325. Density of
population of India is 382, Dont get confused with National average which is median
measure.
2. Climate is an important geographical phenomenon which determines many things like
vegetation, fauna and comfort of living. Consider the following statements in this regard
and pick out the incorrect ones:
1. Weather refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area
for a long period of time.
2. Climate refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
Code:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
ans. C
• Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area
for a long period of time (more than thirty years). Weather refers to the state of the
atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
3. Consider the following statements about the retreating monsoon and subsequent periods
and identify the correct ones.
1. Monsoon retreats rapidly from Northern half of the peninsula and gradually from
southern half.
2. North Easterlies prevail over the country in winter.
3. Some amount of rainfall occurs in Tamil Nadu coast in winter.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only
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2. b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) All the above
ans. C
• Monsoon retreats gradually from northern part and rapidly from southern part.
4. Consider the following statements about the characteristics of Indian Monsoon.
1. Monsoon season of India is associated with continuous rain fall without breaks.
2. Monsoon causes flood as well as drought.
3. Monsoon winds are pulsating and unstable in nature and direction.
4. Tropical cyclones originate in Andaman Sea and causes heavy rain in eastern coast of
India post retreat of monsoon.
Which of these is/are not correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 4 only
d) 1 and 3 only
Ans.A
• An important phenomenon associated with the monsoon is its tendency to have
‘breaks’ in rainfall. Thus, it has wet and dry spells. In other words, the monsoon rains
take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals.
These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. For
various reasons, the trough and its axis keep on moving northward or southward.
5. Consider the following statements about Rivers of India. Which of them is/are not
correct?
1. Himalayan rivers tends to form oxbow lakes in their upper course.
2. The area drained by a single river and its tributaries is called a river system.
3. Gorges are seen in the upper course of the Himalayan Rivers.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 3 only
Ans. A
 Himalayan rivers tends to form oxbow lakes in their lower course.
 The Area drained by a single river and its tributaries is called a drainage
basin. A river with its tributaries and distributaries is called a river system.
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3. 6. Geologically, the Peninsular Plateau constitutes one of the ancient landmasses on the
earth’s surface. Consider the following statements about Peninsular Plateau?
1. Peninsular Plateau is composed of sedimentary rocks with gently rising hills and
wide valleys.
2. Earthquakes are frequent in Peninsular Plateau.
3. Peninsular plateau’s slow and steady movement towards north and north-east has
been responsible for the creation of the Himalayas and the Northern Plains in place of
Tethys Sea.
Select the correct answer from the given code below:
a) All the above
b) 2 only
c) 1 only
d) 3 only
Ans.D
 Peninsular plateau are composed of Igneous and metamorphic rocks.
 Earthquakes are not frequent to peninsular plateau but frequent to Himalaya’s
7. The Northern Plains has been formed by the interplay of the three major Himalayan
Rivers. Consider the statements about the Himalayan River system?
1. The rivers coming from Northern mountains are involved in depositional work.
2. In the lower course, due to steep slope, the velocity of the river increases which
results in the formation of riverine Islands.
3. The river in their lower course split into numerous channels due to deposition of silt,
which are known as tributaries.
Select the correct statements from the code given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) All the above
Ans.A
 In lower course due to gentle slope the velocity of river decreases which
result in the formation of riverine Islands.
 These channels are called distributaries (not tributaries)
8. The Indian desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is an
undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. Consider the incorrect statements about
Indian deserts?
1. Streams appear during the rainy season and soon after they disappear into the sand
2. Chambal is the only large river in this region
3. Longitudinal dunes cover large areas in this region
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
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4. d) All the above
Ans.B
 Luni is the only large river in this region
 Barchans (crescent shaped dunes) cover large areas in this region. Longitudinal dunes
become more prominent near Indo-Pakistan boundary
9. The streams within a Drainage basin form certain patterns, depending on the Slope of
land, underlying rock structure as well as Climatic conditions of the area. Identify the
wrong statements about Drainage patterns?
1. The Dendritic pattern develops where the stream flow in different directions from a
central peak or dome like structure
2. A river joined by its tributaries, at approximately right angles develop Trellis pattern
3. A Rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly jointed rocky terrain
4. The Radial pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain
Code:
a) 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) All the above
Ans. B
• Dendritic pattern = river channel follows the slope of the terrain. Radial pattern =
stream flow in different directions from the Central peak
10. The Ganga is a Trans Boundary river of India and Bangladesh and rises in the Western
Himalayas in Uttarakhand. Consider the wrong statements about Ganga river system?
1. The head waters of the Ganga called the Alaknanda is fed by the Gangotri Glacier
and joined by the Bhagirathi at Rudraprayag
2. Yamuna, Ghagra, Gandak and Kosi are the left bank tributaries of the Ganga river
3. The delta formed by Ganga and Brahmaputra is known as Sunderbans Delta.
Code:
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 2 only
Ans. B
 The head waters of the Ganga called the Bhagirathi is fed by the
Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devprayag
 Yamuna is a right bank tributary of Ganga.
11. A particular state in India has the following characteristics:
1. It is located on the same latitude which passes through Northern Rajasthan
2. It has over 75% of its area under Forest Cover
3. Over 10% of forest cover constitutes Protected area network in this state
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5. Which one among the following states has all the above characteristics?
a) Arunachal Pradesh
b) Assam
c) Himachal Pradesh
d) Uttarakhand
Ans.A
12. As one goes from Equator towards Poles air temperature generally decreases. What
is/are the reason/reasons?
1. Presence of strong winds in sub-tropical zone
2. Due to curvature of earth, amount of solar energy received varies according to the
latitude
3. The influence of polar ice
4. Cold currents in polar region
Select the correct answer using the codes below:
a) 1 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 2 only
d) All the above
Ans. C
13. Identify the type of vegetation with the following information?
1. These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of Island groups of Lakshadweep,
Andaman and Nicobar and Tamil Nadu
2. The trees reach great height up to 60 metres or even above
3. Some of the commercially important trees of this forest are Rosewood, Rubber and
Cinchona
Code:
a) Tropical Evergreen Forest
b) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest
c) Equatorial Forests
d) Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest
Ans.A
14. India is regarded as a country with Demographic Dividend. This is due to
a) Its high population in the age group below 15 years
b) Its high population in the age group of 15-64 years
c) Its high population in the age group above 65 years
d) Its high population in the age group 15-59 years
Ans.B
15. Indian sub-continent experiences comparatively milder winters as compared to Central
Asia? What is/are the reason/reasons?
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6. 1. Latitudinal variation as compared to Central Asia
2. Influence of Tibetan plateau
3. Presence of Himalayas
Select the correct answer from the code given:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) All the above
Ans. C
• The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the sub-
continent.
16. The Climate and associated weather conditions in India are governed by the following
atmospheric conditions.
1. Pressure and surface winds
2. Upper air circulation
3. Western cyclonic disturbance
4. Temperate cyclones
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only
d) All the above
Ans.C
• It is tropical cyclones not temperate.
17. The Cold Weather Season begins from mid November in Northern India and stays till
February. Consider the following statements about Cold Weather Season?
1. During this season, the Northeast Trade winds prevail over the country which blow
from sea to land and hence, for most part of the country, it is a dry season
2. A characteristic feature of the Cold Weather Season over the Northern Plains is the
inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest
3. The Peninsular region does not have a well defined cold season
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
a) 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) All the above
Ans.A
• North east winds blow from land to sea (so dry). Sea to land (more moisture, then
rain)
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7. 18. Which of the given statement/s is/are correct?
1. The mountain system of western Asia and Himalayas are a result of folding due to
collision of two big landmasses.
2. The vast North Indian Plains were once a great depression formed by subsidence of
northern flank of peninsular plateau.
3. From the view point of geology, Himalayan mountains and Northern plains are most
unstable land mass.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) All the above
d) 2 and 3 only
Ans. C
19. The latitude that pass through Sikkim does not pass through
1. Punjab
2. Rajasthan
3. Uttrakhand
4. Delhi
5. Uttar Pradesh
Code:
a) 1, 3 and 4 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 2, 4 and 5 only
d) 1 and 4 only
Ans. A
20. Which of the statements is/are NOT correct?
1. The width of the Himalayas increases from west to east.
2. The Inner Himalayas is the southernmost range of the Himalayas.
3. Mt. Everest (8848 mt.) is the highest peak of Himalayas in India.
4. Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar and Mahabharat range lies in Greater Himalayas.
Code:
a) 1, 2 and 4 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
c) All the above
d) 1, 2 and 3 only
Ans.C
 Width of Himalaya decreases from west (400 km) to east (150 km).
 Inner Himalaya or Greater Himalaya or Himadri is the northernmost range.
 Kanchenjunga (8598) is the highest peak in India, Mt Everest is in Nepal.
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8.  These ranges lies in lesser Himalayas or Himachal.
21. The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalayas and Shiwaliks are called
a) Gorges
b) La
c) Duns
d) I-shaped valley
Ans. C
• Dehra dun, Kotli dun and Patli Dun are some of the well known duns.
22. Which of the given statements is/are NOT correct?
1. Nepal Himalayas lies between Satluj and Kali rivers.
2. Patkai bum, Naga hills, Garo, Khasi and Jaintia comprises Purvanchal hill complex.
Code:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans.C
 Between Indus and Satluj – Punjab Himalaya
Satluj and kali- Kumaon Himalaya
Kali and Tista- Nepal Himalaya
Tista and Dihang—Assam Himalaya
 Purvanchal hill comprises of – Patkai bum, naga hills, Manipur hills, and
Mizo hills
 Jaintia is a part of Meghalaya plateau
23. Which of the statements is/are incorrect?
1. Western coast is a narrow plain between Arabian Sea and Western Ghats that
comprises Konkan, Kannad plain, and Malabar Coast.
2. DodaBetta (2637mt) is the highest peak of western Ghats.
3. Mahendragiri (1501 mt) is the highest peak of the Northern Circar.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) None of the above
Ans.B
• AnaiMudi(2695 mt) is the highest peak of western Ghats, DodaBetta is second
highest.
• Mahendragiri is the highest peak of Eastern Ghats.
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9. 24. Which of the following statement is/are correct?
1. Mahanadi river drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand and
Orissa.
2. Godavari river drainage basin is largest among peninsular rivers.
3. There is no west flowing river in Madhya Pradesh
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) All the above
Ans.A
 Narmada is a west flowing river in M.P.
25. Consider the following:
1. Satpura Range
2. Vindhya Range
3. Mahadeo Hills
What is the correct sequence of the above from north to south.
Code:
a) 1 – 2 – 3
b) 2 – 1 – 3
c) 1 – 3 – 2
d) 2 – 3 – 1
Ans. B
26. Arrange the following river in the descending order in terms of their length:
1. The Ganga
2. Godavari
3. Mahanadi
4. Krishna
Code:
a) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4
b) 1 – 2 – 4 – 3
c) 1 – 4 – 2 – 3
d) 1 – 4 – 3 – 2
Ans.B
• Ganga 2510km, Godavari-1450km, Krishna-1290km, Mahanadi-890km
27. Which of the given statements is/are correct?
1. The diurnal range of temperature is more in coastal areas than in Deserts.
2. Kerala gets rainfall from both south-west and north-east monsoon.
Code:
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10. a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans.B
• The difference between day and night temperature is more in Deserts (in Thar deserts
Day temp may go up to 50 degrees while night temp may fall to 15 degrees) than in
coastal areas.
28. Which of the statements is/are correct?
1. Tropical Deciduous Forests are the most widespread forest in India.
2. Pine, Silver fir, Spruce and Cedar are the varieties of coniferous trees found in
temperate forest.
Code:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. C
29. According to 2001 census how many Million plus cities were there in India?
a) 23
b) 35
c) 51
d) 53
Ans. b
30. Which are the three main factors that cause population change?
a) Births, Deaths and marriage
b) Births, Deaths and migration
c) Births, Deaths and life expectancy
d) Births. Deaths and Sex ratio
Ans.B
• Emigrants are people who leave a country. Immigrants are those who arrive in a
country.
31. Consider the following statements in the context of Coriolis force.
1. Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the earth’s revolution and is also known
as Ferrel’s Law.
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11. 2. The Coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the left in the northern
hemisphere and right in the southern hemisphere.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans.D
• Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation. The Coriolis force
is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and
towards the left in the southern hemisphere. This is also known as Ferrel’s Law.
32. Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by
corresponding changes in precipitation. Consider the following in the context of
Monsoon.
1. Easterly Jet stream.
2. Westerly Jet stream
3. The Tibetan Plateau.
4. Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.
Which of the above are the major factors affecting the mechanism of Monsoon?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only
d) All the above
Ans.D
• The monsoons are experienced in the tropical area roughly between 20° N and 20°S.
Following factors are the major factors affecting monsoon. The differential heating
and cooling of land and water, the shift of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence
Zone (ITCZ) The presence of the high-pressure area, east of Madagascar, The
Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated. The movement of the westerly jet stream to the
north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly jet stream over the
Indian peninsula during summer.
33. Consider the following statements in the context of Peninsular Plateau of India.
1. Part lying to the north of the Narmada river known as the Central Highlands.
2. The westward extensions of Peninsular Plateau are locally known as Bundelkhand.
3. The Central Highlands are wider in the East but narrower in the West.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) All the above
d) None of the above
Ans.A
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12. • The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a
major area of the Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands. The Central
Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of
this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The
Chotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension, drained by the Damodar
river.
34. India and Nepal have traditionally been close since ancient times as a result of
geographical location and common religious, linguistic and cultural identities that
overlap the two countries. Consider the following Indian states.
1. Bihar
2. Jharkhand
3. Uttarakhand
4. Uttar Pradesh
With which of the above states Nepal shares its boundary?
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) All the above
Ans.C
• Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim have common frontiers
with Nepal.
35. Which of the following facts are important to understand the mechanism of the Indian
monsoons:-
1. Equatorial trough to be normally positioned about 50
N of the equator.
2. Presence of the high pressure area east of Madagascar, approximately at 200
N over
the Indian Ocean.
3. Presence of the tropical easterly jet stream to the north of the Himalayas.
Code:
a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) 3 only
Ans: A
• High pressure area east of Madagascar approx. at 200S over the Indian Ocean.
• Tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian Peninsula during summer.
36. Consider the following statements:-
1. India lies in the region of North easterly winds which originate from the subtropical
low pressure belt of the Northern Hemisphere.
2. In summer, air moves from high pressure area over the southern Indian Ocean in a
south-easterly direction before crossing the equator.
3. Subtropical westerly Jet Streams blow south of the Himalayas all through the year
except in winters.
Which among the above is/are not correct?
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13. Code:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) All the above
Ans: B
• Sub-tropical high pressure belt of the Northern Hemisphere.
• STWJ blow south of the Himalayas all through the year except in summer.
37. Consider the following statements:-
1. The Indus basin is shared by the states of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh
in India.
2. The Tapi basin is shared by the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat only.
3. Amravati, Bhavani and Kabini are the tributaries of river Kaveri.
Which among the above is/are not correct?
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 2 only
Ans: A
• Indus basin is shared by J&K, HP and PJ.
• Tapi basin is shared by MP, GJ and MH.
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