This document discusses stores (materials) control. It describes stores as an important current asset and how efficient control helps minimize costs. There are three types of store organizations: centralized, decentralized, and centralized with sub-stores. Centralized stores are controlled from one location while decentralized stores have independent departments. Centralized with sub-stores has a main store and sub-stores. Key aspects of stores control covered include requisitioning, bin cards, stores ledger, issue control, and spoilage. The storekeeper's duties in receiving, storing, and issuing materials are also outlined.
The document discusses various methods for classifying inventory items, including ABC analysis and XYZ analysis. ABC analysis classifies items based on their value and divides them into A, B, and C categories, with class A items representing the highest value but smallest number of items. XYZ analysis classifies items based on the predictability of their demand patterns into X, Y, and Z categories. Classifying inventory items allows managers to focus their efforts on more important items and apply different control and monitoring strategies based on each item's classification.
This document outlines the key aspects of category management. It discusses that category management is a process where categories are managed as strategic business units to maximize sales and profits. It involves defining categories, assessing performance, setting goals and strategies, implementing category plans, and ongoing review. Category management is a collaborative approach where retailers and suppliers work together to deliver value to consumers.
This document discusses the growth of private label brands, also known as store brands, in India. It notes that private labels are gaining prominence globally and internationally as retailers seek higher margins. In India, major retailers like Future Group, More, and Shoppers Stop have established prominent private label brands. The document also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of private labels for retailers and consumers. It conducted store surveys that showed private labels are becoming more popular and widespread in India as organized retail grows.
This document discusses consumer behaviour and retail research. It covers 4 parts of consumer information - demographics, psychographics, geographics, and behavioristics. It also discusses the consumer decision making process and in-store decision making process. Retail information systems and the benefits of RIS are explained. RIS facilitates collecting, organizing, analyzing and disseminating retail data. Key elements that support RIS like UPC, POS, self-checkout and outsourcing are also summarized. The marketing research process involving formulating the problem, designing research, data collection, analysis and conclusion is briefly outlined.
This document provides an overview of warehouse and inventory management. It discusses the reasons for warehousing, including supporting customer service and supply continuity. The document outlines key warehouse operating principles like design, handling technology, and storage planning. It also describes common warehouse activities, types of warehouses, and factors to consider in warehouse location strategies. Finally, the document defines inventory management and discusses inventory classification, record keeping, categories of inventory like safety stock and cycle stock, and the goals of holding inventory.
Retailing in India has grown significantly in recent years due to factors such as a rapidly growing middle class, rising incomes, and exposure to international brands. Food retailing makes up a large portion of the Indian retail sector, valued at $175 billion currently and expected to reach $400 billion by 2025. Several factors are driving growth in organized food retailing formats such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, and convenience stores. Major players in the Indian food retail sector include Reliance Fresh, Subhiksha, Food Bazaar, More Retail, and Wal-Mart which operates Supercenters in India.
The document discusses optimization of retail supply chains. It covers:
1) Retail supply chain management involves planning inventory, purchasing, logistics, and ensuring the right products reach customers at the right time.
2) Challenges include managing high volumes, fast-moving products, and short cycle times while maintaining quality. Information technology helps improve efficiency.
3) Optimization aims to have the right product in the right place at the right time by improving forecasting, inventory tracking, ordering, logistics, and using IT to be responsive to changes. This balances costs like inventory and transportation while delivering low costs and high profits.
This document discusses stores (materials) control. It describes stores as an important current asset and how efficient control helps minimize costs. There are three types of store organizations: centralized, decentralized, and centralized with sub-stores. Centralized stores are controlled from one location while decentralized stores have independent departments. Centralized with sub-stores has a main store and sub-stores. Key aspects of stores control covered include requisitioning, bin cards, stores ledger, issue control, and spoilage. The storekeeper's duties in receiving, storing, and issuing materials are also outlined.
The document discusses various methods for classifying inventory items, including ABC analysis and XYZ analysis. ABC analysis classifies items based on their value and divides them into A, B, and C categories, with class A items representing the highest value but smallest number of items. XYZ analysis classifies items based on the predictability of their demand patterns into X, Y, and Z categories. Classifying inventory items allows managers to focus their efforts on more important items and apply different control and monitoring strategies based on each item's classification.
This document outlines the key aspects of category management. It discusses that category management is a process where categories are managed as strategic business units to maximize sales and profits. It involves defining categories, assessing performance, setting goals and strategies, implementing category plans, and ongoing review. Category management is a collaborative approach where retailers and suppliers work together to deliver value to consumers.
This document discusses the growth of private label brands, also known as store brands, in India. It notes that private labels are gaining prominence globally and internationally as retailers seek higher margins. In India, major retailers like Future Group, More, and Shoppers Stop have established prominent private label brands. The document also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of private labels for retailers and consumers. It conducted store surveys that showed private labels are becoming more popular and widespread in India as organized retail grows.
This document discusses consumer behaviour and retail research. It covers 4 parts of consumer information - demographics, psychographics, geographics, and behavioristics. It also discusses the consumer decision making process and in-store decision making process. Retail information systems and the benefits of RIS are explained. RIS facilitates collecting, organizing, analyzing and disseminating retail data. Key elements that support RIS like UPC, POS, self-checkout and outsourcing are also summarized. The marketing research process involving formulating the problem, designing research, data collection, analysis and conclusion is briefly outlined.
This document provides an overview of warehouse and inventory management. It discusses the reasons for warehousing, including supporting customer service and supply continuity. The document outlines key warehouse operating principles like design, handling technology, and storage planning. It also describes common warehouse activities, types of warehouses, and factors to consider in warehouse location strategies. Finally, the document defines inventory management and discusses inventory classification, record keeping, categories of inventory like safety stock and cycle stock, and the goals of holding inventory.
Retailing in India has grown significantly in recent years due to factors such as a rapidly growing middle class, rising incomes, and exposure to international brands. Food retailing makes up a large portion of the Indian retail sector, valued at $175 billion currently and expected to reach $400 billion by 2025. Several factors are driving growth in organized food retailing formats such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, and convenience stores. Major players in the Indian food retail sector include Reliance Fresh, Subhiksha, Food Bazaar, More Retail, and Wal-Mart which operates Supercenters in India.
The document discusses optimization of retail supply chains. It covers:
1) Retail supply chain management involves planning inventory, purchasing, logistics, and ensuring the right products reach customers at the right time.
2) Challenges include managing high volumes, fast-moving products, and short cycle times while maintaining quality. Information technology helps improve efficiency.
3) Optimization aims to have the right product in the right place at the right time by improving forecasting, inventory tracking, ordering, logistics, and using IT to be responsive to changes. This balances costs like inventory and transportation while delivering low costs and high profits.
Identify emerging trends in defects to reduce warranty and recall
costs, maintain brand strength, and improve customer loyalty
Manufacturers, on an average, spend as high as 2.5% to 8% of their revenue on warranty costs. Best in class
manufacturers have been able to achieve warranty spends as low as 0.5%, underlining the tremendous potential for
cost reduction in business operations - from efficient process management as well as product quality improvement.
Majority of manufacturing companies limit their warranty business intelligence to historical reporting needs.
Manufacturers need robust technology that can monitor & report, provide timely alerts on critical warranty parameters,
predict warranty patterns and improve the analysis of scenarios under different warranty conditions. Presenting
Sailotech’s Warranty Analytics Solution - a rapid deployment, quick returns remedy to current business challenges.
Warranty Analytics solutions use to discover hidden trends in warranty and service records to more quickly identify the
emergence of previously unknown defects. Sailotech can transform data into insights to help you proactively address
your brand equity resulting from product defects while balancing customer satisfaction with profitability.
This document discusses factors to consider when choosing an airline in India. It identifies key factors like price, service, timings, meals, and comfort. It also lists major Indian airlines like Air India, Indigo, and Jet Airways that will be evaluated based on these factors. Finally, it presents scales and maps that will be used to analyze customer perceptions of the airline brands.
This document discusses various aspects of warehouse management including reasons for warehousing, benefits, types of warehouses, warehouse strategies, location strategies, and transport. Reasons for warehousing include supporting customer policies, maintaining supply, and achieving transportation economies. Benefits include consolidation and break bulk. Warehouse strategies consider private, public and contract facilities to handle base and peak demand. Location strategies consider proximity to markets and products. Transport selection involves considering factors like cost, transit time, reliability, and potential for loss or damage.
This document discusses factors that influence customer purchase decisions and how retailers can target different types of customers. It covers the stages in the buying process, types of customer needs, and how social factors like family, culture, and reference groups affect purchasing. Retailers are advised to segment their markets using approaches like geography, demographics, lifestyle, buying situations, and customer benefits sought. Understanding these influences can help retailers design effective marketing strategies to attract different kinds of customers.
This document discusses inventory management. It defines inventory as materials obtained in advance of need that are held until used or sold. There are different types of inventories like raw materials, work in process, finished goods, and spare parts. Inventory valuation involves determining quality and assigning values. Costs associated with inventory include purchasing, ordering, holding, and shortage costs. The economic order quantity formula balances ordering and holding costs. Inventory control aims to have the right materials in the right quantity at the lowest cost through policies, stock levels, lead times, and order sizes.
Flipkart's supply chain management involves logistics, procurement, warehousing, supplier relations, and customer relations to deliver products from suppliers to customers. Key aspects include an in-house logistics network, inventory and just-in-time procurement, multiple warehouses across India, A/B/C supplier grading, and 24/7 customer support. The competitive environment and achieving customer satisfaction pose ongoing challenges to maintaining a cost-effective supply chain.
E-tailing refers to the sale of goods and services online. In India, digital downloads are most popular, with music being the top purchase. The major e-tailers in India are Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal, Myntra, and Jabong. The e-tailing industry in India is expected to grow significantly in the next few years to $13 billion, though low credit card ownership and resistance to change may hinder growth, while companies work to improve logistics. Retail and e-tailing differ in aspects like shopping experience, costs of inventory, fulfillment and customer service.
This document discusses materials and inventory management. It covers topics such as the strategic importance of inventory, classifying inventory problems, inventory costs, inventory management systems, and modeling inventory decisions. Specifically, it describes different types of inventory including work-in-process, finished goods, and safety stock. It also discusses the ABC analysis approach to inventory management and different inventory control systems like continuous and periodic review. Key inventory decisions like economic order quantity are explained as well using relevant formulas.
The document defines retailing as the sale of goods or services directly to final consumers. It notes that retailing is a large global industry dominated by developed countries. In India, retailing is dominated by unorganized mom and pop shops, while organized retail makes up a small portion. The retail landscape in India is discussed, along with major players and consumption categories. Challenges and opportunities for retail in India are outlined. Online retailing and its payment methods and challenges are also summarized. The contribution of retailing to the Indian economy and employment are highlighted.
Understanding purchasing orientation is important for B2B companies and suppliers. The more complex the product/service exchange will result in higher degree of power balance and dependency in supplier relationships.
The document discusses several theories of selling:
1. The AIDAS theory outlines 5 stages a prospect goes through - Attention, Interest, Desire, Action, and Satisfaction. A sales presentation must guide the prospect through these stages.
2. The "Right Set of Circumstances" theory posits that a sale occurs when all external factors are favorable. The seller must present the right stimuli to elicit the desired response.
3. The Buying Formula Theory emphasizes understanding the buyer's needs and finding the appropriate solution. It models the buyer's response as moving from need to purchase to satisfaction.
The document provides an overview of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry in India. It discusses that FMCG includes daily necessity items like toiletries, detergents, soaps that are consumed rapidly. The Indian FMCG market is the 4th largest sector in the economy worth over $13 billion annually and growing 10-12% per year. Major FMCG companies have a widespread distribution network across India reaching urban and rural markets. The future of the FMCG sector in India looks promising with rising incomes, changing lifestyles, and projections that it will become a $99-135 billion industry by 2020.
The document outlines the warehouse stock take procedure that takes place over several days. It involves notifying teams one month in advance, completing all stock transactions 3 days before, and organizing the warehouse 2 days before. The day before involves clearing orders and conducting briefings. On the day of stock take, teams are assigned areas to count inventory by hand and record quantities. The totals are calculated and counts are uploaded to scanners and systems. Reports are generated and checked against physical counts, with discrepancies requiring reconfirmation. A final variance report is generated and reviewed before stock movement can resume after the financial audit.
Distribution & Logistics (Channel Management)Prashant Mehta
The document discusses distribution channels and logistics management in three parts. It begins by defining distribution channels, describing their characteristics and functions. It then classifies different types of channels and channel systems. Finally, it discusses channel design decisions, management, physical distribution, and provides an overview of the pharmaceutical industry distribution channel.
Shoppers' Stop is an Indian retail chain established in 1991. It currently has 27 retail outlets across India and focuses on apparel, accessories, home goods, and other products. The company aims to provide a high-quality shopping experience and targets upper middle and upper class customers. Some of its strategies include operating various store concepts under one roof, maintaining a large portfolio of domestic and international brands, and utilizing loyalty programs and credit cards to encourage repeat customers.
The Indian retail industry has emerged as one of the fastest growing industries, accounting for over 10% of GDP. The market size is expected to reach $1.3 trillion by 2020 from $600 billion in 2015 growing at 12% annually. Modern trade is projected to expand at 20% per year. E-commerce sales are forecasted to reach $55 billion by 2018 and $220 billion by 2025. The growth is driven by rising incomes, urbanization, foreign investment, and the government's support through initiatives like GST. Both organized and unorganized retailers will need to collaborate to tap opportunities in rural markets and leverage digital channels.
Inventory management tools and techniques retailMohd Affan Ali
The document discusses various concepts related to inventory management. It defines inventory as stock of goods and explains that inventory includes raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods in a manufacturing context. It also discusses determining economic order quantities by balancing ordering and carrying costs. Other concepts covered include ABC analysis for classifying inventory, just-in-time manufacturing, inventory turnover ratios, and stock keeping units. The overall purpose of inventory management is to avoid overstocking or understocking.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 in India. It outlines the objective of providing speedy redressal to consumer disputes. It defines who constitutes a consumer and outlines the various rights of consumers. It also describes the three-tier structure of the redressal agencies consisting of district forums, state commissions and a national commission to hear consumer complaints. Finally, it presents three case studies where the redressal agencies ruled in favor of the consumers.
This document outlines the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India including:
1. The objectives of establishing consumer protection councils at central and state levels and providing consumer dispute redressal mechanisms.
2. The rights of consumers such as protection from hazardous goods, access to information about product quality and prices, and seeking redressal against unfair trade practices.
3. The definitions of terms used in the act and roles of the District Forum, State Commission, and National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission which were established to resolve consumer complaints.
Identify emerging trends in defects to reduce warranty and recall
costs, maintain brand strength, and improve customer loyalty
Manufacturers, on an average, spend as high as 2.5% to 8% of their revenue on warranty costs. Best in class
manufacturers have been able to achieve warranty spends as low as 0.5%, underlining the tremendous potential for
cost reduction in business operations - from efficient process management as well as product quality improvement.
Majority of manufacturing companies limit their warranty business intelligence to historical reporting needs.
Manufacturers need robust technology that can monitor & report, provide timely alerts on critical warranty parameters,
predict warranty patterns and improve the analysis of scenarios under different warranty conditions. Presenting
Sailotech’s Warranty Analytics Solution - a rapid deployment, quick returns remedy to current business challenges.
Warranty Analytics solutions use to discover hidden trends in warranty and service records to more quickly identify the
emergence of previously unknown defects. Sailotech can transform data into insights to help you proactively address
your brand equity resulting from product defects while balancing customer satisfaction with profitability.
This document discusses factors to consider when choosing an airline in India. It identifies key factors like price, service, timings, meals, and comfort. It also lists major Indian airlines like Air India, Indigo, and Jet Airways that will be evaluated based on these factors. Finally, it presents scales and maps that will be used to analyze customer perceptions of the airline brands.
This document discusses various aspects of warehouse management including reasons for warehousing, benefits, types of warehouses, warehouse strategies, location strategies, and transport. Reasons for warehousing include supporting customer policies, maintaining supply, and achieving transportation economies. Benefits include consolidation and break bulk. Warehouse strategies consider private, public and contract facilities to handle base and peak demand. Location strategies consider proximity to markets and products. Transport selection involves considering factors like cost, transit time, reliability, and potential for loss or damage.
This document discusses factors that influence customer purchase decisions and how retailers can target different types of customers. It covers the stages in the buying process, types of customer needs, and how social factors like family, culture, and reference groups affect purchasing. Retailers are advised to segment their markets using approaches like geography, demographics, lifestyle, buying situations, and customer benefits sought. Understanding these influences can help retailers design effective marketing strategies to attract different kinds of customers.
This document discusses inventory management. It defines inventory as materials obtained in advance of need that are held until used or sold. There are different types of inventories like raw materials, work in process, finished goods, and spare parts. Inventory valuation involves determining quality and assigning values. Costs associated with inventory include purchasing, ordering, holding, and shortage costs. The economic order quantity formula balances ordering and holding costs. Inventory control aims to have the right materials in the right quantity at the lowest cost through policies, stock levels, lead times, and order sizes.
Flipkart's supply chain management involves logistics, procurement, warehousing, supplier relations, and customer relations to deliver products from suppliers to customers. Key aspects include an in-house logistics network, inventory and just-in-time procurement, multiple warehouses across India, A/B/C supplier grading, and 24/7 customer support. The competitive environment and achieving customer satisfaction pose ongoing challenges to maintaining a cost-effective supply chain.
E-tailing refers to the sale of goods and services online. In India, digital downloads are most popular, with music being the top purchase. The major e-tailers in India are Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal, Myntra, and Jabong. The e-tailing industry in India is expected to grow significantly in the next few years to $13 billion, though low credit card ownership and resistance to change may hinder growth, while companies work to improve logistics. Retail and e-tailing differ in aspects like shopping experience, costs of inventory, fulfillment and customer service.
This document discusses materials and inventory management. It covers topics such as the strategic importance of inventory, classifying inventory problems, inventory costs, inventory management systems, and modeling inventory decisions. Specifically, it describes different types of inventory including work-in-process, finished goods, and safety stock. It also discusses the ABC analysis approach to inventory management and different inventory control systems like continuous and periodic review. Key inventory decisions like economic order quantity are explained as well using relevant formulas.
The document defines retailing as the sale of goods or services directly to final consumers. It notes that retailing is a large global industry dominated by developed countries. In India, retailing is dominated by unorganized mom and pop shops, while organized retail makes up a small portion. The retail landscape in India is discussed, along with major players and consumption categories. Challenges and opportunities for retail in India are outlined. Online retailing and its payment methods and challenges are also summarized. The contribution of retailing to the Indian economy and employment are highlighted.
Understanding purchasing orientation is important for B2B companies and suppliers. The more complex the product/service exchange will result in higher degree of power balance and dependency in supplier relationships.
The document discusses several theories of selling:
1. The AIDAS theory outlines 5 stages a prospect goes through - Attention, Interest, Desire, Action, and Satisfaction. A sales presentation must guide the prospect through these stages.
2. The "Right Set of Circumstances" theory posits that a sale occurs when all external factors are favorable. The seller must present the right stimuli to elicit the desired response.
3. The Buying Formula Theory emphasizes understanding the buyer's needs and finding the appropriate solution. It models the buyer's response as moving from need to purchase to satisfaction.
The document provides an overview of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry in India. It discusses that FMCG includes daily necessity items like toiletries, detergents, soaps that are consumed rapidly. The Indian FMCG market is the 4th largest sector in the economy worth over $13 billion annually and growing 10-12% per year. Major FMCG companies have a widespread distribution network across India reaching urban and rural markets. The future of the FMCG sector in India looks promising with rising incomes, changing lifestyles, and projections that it will become a $99-135 billion industry by 2020.
The document outlines the warehouse stock take procedure that takes place over several days. It involves notifying teams one month in advance, completing all stock transactions 3 days before, and organizing the warehouse 2 days before. The day before involves clearing orders and conducting briefings. On the day of stock take, teams are assigned areas to count inventory by hand and record quantities. The totals are calculated and counts are uploaded to scanners and systems. Reports are generated and checked against physical counts, with discrepancies requiring reconfirmation. A final variance report is generated and reviewed before stock movement can resume after the financial audit.
Distribution & Logistics (Channel Management)Prashant Mehta
The document discusses distribution channels and logistics management in three parts. It begins by defining distribution channels, describing their characteristics and functions. It then classifies different types of channels and channel systems. Finally, it discusses channel design decisions, management, physical distribution, and provides an overview of the pharmaceutical industry distribution channel.
Shoppers' Stop is an Indian retail chain established in 1991. It currently has 27 retail outlets across India and focuses on apparel, accessories, home goods, and other products. The company aims to provide a high-quality shopping experience and targets upper middle and upper class customers. Some of its strategies include operating various store concepts under one roof, maintaining a large portfolio of domestic and international brands, and utilizing loyalty programs and credit cards to encourage repeat customers.
The Indian retail industry has emerged as one of the fastest growing industries, accounting for over 10% of GDP. The market size is expected to reach $1.3 trillion by 2020 from $600 billion in 2015 growing at 12% annually. Modern trade is projected to expand at 20% per year. E-commerce sales are forecasted to reach $55 billion by 2018 and $220 billion by 2025. The growth is driven by rising incomes, urbanization, foreign investment, and the government's support through initiatives like GST. Both organized and unorganized retailers will need to collaborate to tap opportunities in rural markets and leverage digital channels.
Inventory management tools and techniques retailMohd Affan Ali
The document discusses various concepts related to inventory management. It defines inventory as stock of goods and explains that inventory includes raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods in a manufacturing context. It also discusses determining economic order quantities by balancing ordering and carrying costs. Other concepts covered include ABC analysis for classifying inventory, just-in-time manufacturing, inventory turnover ratios, and stock keeping units. The overall purpose of inventory management is to avoid overstocking or understocking.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 in India. It outlines the objective of providing speedy redressal to consumer disputes. It defines who constitutes a consumer and outlines the various rights of consumers. It also describes the three-tier structure of the redressal agencies consisting of district forums, state commissions and a national commission to hear consumer complaints. Finally, it presents three case studies where the redressal agencies ruled in favor of the consumers.
This document outlines the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India including:
1. The objectives of establishing consumer protection councils at central and state levels and providing consumer dispute redressal mechanisms.
2. The rights of consumers such as protection from hazardous goods, access to information about product quality and prices, and seeking redressal against unfair trade practices.
3. The definitions of terms used in the act and roles of the District Forum, State Commission, and National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission which were established to resolve consumer complaints.
The document discusses two cases of consumer rights violations. In the first case, a consumer used cosmetics and found the products' claims to be untrue, violating their rights to safety and information. The manufacturer refused to address these issues. In the second case, a consumer purchased defective goods but the manufacturer denied responsibility. The document emphasizes that consumers have the rights to be heard and seek redressal when issues arise. It provides solutions like removing hazardous goods, replacing them, and returning the purchase price.
The document discusses trademarks, including what they are, how they are registered and protected, and some key facts about trademark law. It provides definitions of trademarks and explains they identify the source of goods/services. It outlines the trademark registration process in India and key terms like TM, SM, and ®. It also discusses refusal grounds, infringement, collective/certification marks, and terms of protection.
An agent is a person authorized to act on behalf of another person called the principal. The relationship between them is called agency. An agency can be created expressly through an agreement or impliedly through actions like ratification or holding out. As an agent, one has duties to follow the principal's instructions, conduct business with care, communicate properly, and not make secret profits. The principal has duties to pay the agent and not interfere without cause. An agency terminates through completion, death, lapse of time, or revocation except if the agency is coupled with an interest of the agent.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. The objectives of the Act are to better protect consumer interests, provide rights to consumers regarding product quality and transparency, and establish quasi-judicial mechanisms like consumer protection councils and consumer courts at district, state and national levels to enable speedy redressal of consumer complaints. The Act applies to all goods and services and covers unfair trade practices, deficiencies in service, and restrictive trade practices harming consumers.
this slid is regarding Indian consumer protection of 1986. it will be useful for students who are doing MBA PGDM and graduation in commerce and management
The document discusses the Indian Patent Act of 1970, which governs the granting of patents in India and provides intellectual property protections for inventions. Key aspects covered include the requirements for an invention to be patentable, the types of patents granted, procedures for obtaining and renewing a patent, rights of a patentee, and exclusions from patentability. The patent system aims to reward inventors while ensuring availability of inventions for public use.
This document discusses intellectual property and patents in India. It provides information on:
- What intellectual property and patents are. Patents grant exclusive rights over inventions.
- Key aspects of Indian patent law and amendments over time to make it WTO compliant. Patents are now granted for 20 years and cover all fields of technology.
- Application process for patents in India, including filing requirements and examination process.
- Rights conferred on patent holders and ability to surrender or revoke patents on certain grounds.
The document summarizes the key reasons for enacting the Consumer Protection Act in India in 1986. It notes that previously, consumer rights were not well protected under the doctrine of caveat emptor. It also cites issues like collective bargaining by sellers, multiple existing consumer laws, and barriers to litigation that necessitated stronger consumer protection. The act aims to provide better protection of consumer interests through consumer councils and other authorities to enable easier redressal of consumer disputes.
Presentation on Consumer protection act newsatya pal
The Consumer Protection Act was passed in 1986 to protect consumer interests from unscrupulous business practices. It establishes a three-tier system for resolving consumer disputes - district forums for disputes under 20 lakh rupees, state commissions for 20 lakh to 1 crore disputes, and the national commission for over 1 crore disputes. The act defines key terms like 'consumer' and provides remedies like replacement, refunds, and compensation. Consumer organizations play an important role in educating people about their rights under the act.
The Consumer Protection Act was introduced in 1986 to better protect consumer interests and provide simple and speedy redressal for consumer disputes. It aims to protect consumers from exploitation. Under the Act, anyone who purchases goods or services for consideration is considered a consumer. Consumers have rights to safety, information, being heard, redressal, and education. Redressal is provided through district, state, and national consumer protection councils and forums. Three case studies are summarized where the forums ruled in favor of consumers, directing compensation in disputes over college admission refund, underfilled chip packets, and denied health insurance reimbursement.
The document summarizes India's Consumer Protection Act which was enacted in 1986 to give consumers simpler and faster access to justice compared to traditional courts. It established consumer dispute redressal agencies at district, state, and national levels to hear complaints regarding defective goods or deficient services. The summary outlines who qualifies as a consumer, the objectives of the act, how to file a complaint, potential redress such as refunds or replacements, and highlights two cases where companies were found to violate the act.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 in India, including its objectives to better protect consumer interests and rights related to safety, education, information, redressal, and being heard. It defines a consumer, complainant, complaint, defect, deficiency, manufacturer, and unfair trade practices. It also provides a case study example of a consumer filing a complaint against a banquet hall for unfair trade practices. Finally, it outlines the roles and procedures of District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forums as the lowest authority for consumer complaints.
The document discusses the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India, which was enacted to protect consumer interests and establish consumer councils. It covers definitions of key terms, rights of consumers, the structure of consumer dispute resolution bodies at the district, state, and national levels, and penalties for non-compliance. The act applies to goods and services and allows consumers to file complaints regarding defective products, poor services, or unfair trade practices.
The document discusses the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India, which aims to protect consumer interests through establishing consumer councils at the district, state, and national levels to address consumer grievances. It defines key terms like "consumer" and "consumerism" and outlines the rights of consumers, redressal agencies under the Act, and provisions regarding complaints about defective goods and services.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 in India. It outlines the objectives of protecting consumer rights and interests through establishing councils at the district, state, and central levels. It defines who constitutes a consumer and their rights. It also describes the process for filing complaints related to defective goods or deficient services and having them addressed by the appropriate consumer disputes redressal agencies at the district, state, and national levels.
This document summarizes the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It outlines the objectives of protecting and promoting consumer rights and providing simple and speedy redressal for disputes. The key rights of consumers are described, including protection from hazardous products and unfair trade practices. A consumer is defined as someone who purchases goods or services. Complaints must be made in writing and can be filed by individuals, organizations, or governments. The three levels for resolving consumer disputes are District Forums, State Commissions, and the National Commission. Three case studies are briefly described to illustrate how the law has been applied.
The document discusses the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It was enacted to protect the interests of consumers and covers all goods and services. The key rights it provides consumers are the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, the right to be heard, and the right to redressal. It established three levels of consumer dispute resolution agencies - district, state, and national levels - to hear consumer complaints based on the value of goods/services and compensation claimed.
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was enacted to provide a simpler and quicker access to redressal of consumer grievances. The Act for the first time introduced the concept of 'consumer' and conferred express additional rights on him.
The Consumer Protection Bill, 1986 seeks to provide for better protection of the interests of consumers and for the purpose, to make provision for the establishment of Consumer councils and other authorities for the settlement of consumer disputes and for matter connected therewith. (f) right to consumer education.
The Consumer Protection Act was enacted in 1986 to protect consumer interests and establish authorities for resolving disputes. It defines a consumer as someone who purchases goods or services for consideration. It establishes Consumer Dispute Redressal forums at the district, state, and national levels to hear complaints regarding defective goods or deficient services. The forums can order remedies like replacement, repair, refund, or compensation. Complaints must be filed within two years of the cause of action arising.
The Consumer Protection Act 1986 was enacted to protect the interests of consumers. It defines key terms like consumer, goods, services, complaints, unfair/restrictive trade practices. It establishes consumer dispute redressal agencies at district, state and national levels to provide a mechanism for redressal of consumer complaints. The agencies have powers to pass wide-ranging orders for relief to consumers. Several court cases have helped interpret important issues under the act.
The Consumer Protection Act 1986 was enacted to protect consumer interests and provide effective redressal of consumer grievances. It aims to set up consumer protection councils at district, state, and national levels and provides a 3-tier quasi-judicial machinery for speedy and inexpensive resolution of consumer disputes. The District Forum has jurisdiction over cases involving claims up to Rs. 20 lakh, State Commissions handle claims from Rs. 20 lakh to Rs. 1 crore, and the National Commission addresses claims over Rs. 1 crore. The Act defines consumers and their various rights and outlines the powers of the redressal agencies.
A consumer purchased seeds that did not germinate. The seller claimed the purchase was for commercial purposes, not covered under the Act. However, purchasing seeds for agriculture is not a commercial purpose.
A person applied for electricity connection but it was not provided. Grievances regarding services like electricity fall under the Consumer Protection Act.
An insurance claim was rejected because the driver did not have a valid license. However, issues regarding insurance policies can be addressed in Consumer Courts.
A person registered for a housing scheme where prices increased multiple times. Grievances against housing boards regarding such schemes are covered by the Consumer Protection Act.
A person can sue military doctors and hospitals for negligence and deficient service
National Dispute Redressal Commission under Consumer Protection.pptxAkashNavale6
The document discusses the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) in India. It provides an overview of the NCDRC's role as the apex consumer court, including adjudicating high-value disputes, handling appeals, and establishing legal precedent. The NCDRC aims to protect consumer rights and ensure redress for violations through its rulings. However, it faces challenges like case backlogs that reforms seek to address.
The Consumer Protection Act 1986 was enacted to better protect the interests of consumers, protect consumer rights, and provide simple, speedy and inexpensive redressal to consumer disputes. The key rights established for consumers include the right to be protected against unfair trade practices, the right to be informed about product quality and pricing, the right to choice and competitive pricing, the right to be heard, and the right to seek redressal. The Act covers all goods and services across private, public and cooperative sectors. It defines key terms and establishes a three-tier quasi-judicial mechanism for consumer dispute redressal at the district, state and national levels.
The document summarizes the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It defines a consumer as any person who purchases goods or services. The key objectives of the act are to protect consumer rights, provide remedies for exploited consumers, and establish authorities to settle consumer disputes. The act established district, state, and national consumer forums to file complaints. It discusses how to file a complaint and redressal processes. Case studies provide examples of disputes handled under the act. The government also runs a "Jago Grahak Jago" awareness campaign to educate consumers on their rights.
The Central Consumer Protection Council is the apex body for consumer protection in India. It consists of the Minister in charge of Consumer Affairs in the Central Government as its Chairman, along with other official and non-official members as prescribed. Its key functions include advising the Central Government on consumer protection issues and promoting consumer rights through awareness campaigns.
The document discusses India's Consumer Protection Act of 1986. It was enacted to protect consumer rights and provide effective redress against unfair trade practices and exploitation of consumers. The key objectives of the act are to promote and protect consumer rights, establish consumer protection councils at central, state and district levels, and provide a simple dispute resolution mechanism. The act defines terms like consumer, service, unfair trade practices. It also outlines the composition and jurisdiction of consumer protection councils at different levels and the process for filing consumer complaints. Remedies under the act include replacing defective goods, withdrawing hazardous goods, corrective advertising and returning paid amounts.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Before the enactment of the consumer Protection Act,1986 a person
aggrieved by the defective goods or deficiency in service had to
approach the ordinary civil court to get his grievances redressed.
• The proceeding in the ordinary civil court is very complex , expensive
and time consuming .
• In Order to give more protection to the interest of consumers of
goods and service the parliament enacted the consumer Protection
Act 1986
3. Consumer Protection Act,1986
• In order to provide for better protection of the interests of the consumer the Consumer
Protection Bill, .1986 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 5th December, 1986.
• The Consumer Protection Act 1986 is a social welfare legislation which was enacted as a result of
widespread consumer protection movement.
4. Who is a consumer?
Consumer he is a person
• “Who buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or
promised, or partly paid and partly promised, or under a system of
deferred payment.
• Hires any services for a consideration which has been paid or
promised, or partly paid and partly promised, or under a system of
deferred payment.
5. Who are not consumers?
• A person who purchased goods for resale
• A person who purchased goods for commercial purpose
• A person who obtains services without consideration
• A person who obtains services under a contract of personal service
• Contractors
• Applicants for jobs
• Persons who filed suits in courts
6.
7.
8.
9. WHO CAN FILE A COMPLAINT
• A consumer
• Any voluntary consumer association registered under the companies act 1956.
• The central government or state government
• One or more consumer where there are numerous consumers having the same
interest who or which makes a complaint. Thus class action is permissible under
the act
• In case of death of a consumer his legal heir or representative
10. COMPLAINT
• Any unfair trade practice adopted by the trader
• Defective goods
• Deficiency in service
• Excess price charged by the trader
• Unlawful goods sale, which is hazardous to life and safety when used.
12. FILING A COMPLAINT
• No stamp or court fee is needed with state commission nor with
national commission.
• A complaint can be hand written or typed.
• Admitted if it is filed within two years from the date on which the
cause of action has arisen.
According to Three Tier System it is decided in which commission or
forum the hearing of case will be.
13. Jurisdiction under Consumer Protection Act 1986
Consumer Courts: A three-tier-system.
• National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission: claims above Rs 1
crore.
• Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission or State Commission:
Claims between 20 lakh to 1 crore.
• Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum or District Forum: Claims up to Rs
20 Lakh.
14. DISTRICT FORUM
• Each District Forum shall consist of a person who is or has been or is qualified to
be a District Judge who shall be its President two other members , one of whom
shall be a woman possessing a bachelor’s degree from a recognized university,
be a person of ability, integrity and standing and have adequate knowledge and
experience.
• Each member of District Forum shall hold office for a term of 5 years or up to
the age of 65 years which ever is earlier.
• Subject to the other provisions of the Act a District Forum have juridiction to
entertain complaints where the value of the goods and services and the
compensation , if any, claimed does not exceed rs 20 lakhs.
15. ADistrictForum(powers)
I. To remove the defect pointed out by the appropriate laboratory from
the goods in question
II. To replace the goods with new goods of similar description which
shall be free from any defect
III. To return to the complainant the price, or as the case may be, the
charges paid by the complainant
IV. To pay such amount as may be awarded by it as compensation to the
consumer for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to the
negligence of the opposite party
17. NATIONAL COMMISSION
• The National Commission’ shall consist of a person who is or has been a Judge of the
Supreme Court, shall be its President. Not less than 4 and not more than such
number of members as may be prescribed and one of whom shall be a woman with
similar qualifications as required in the case of appointment as a member to a
District Forum or a State Commission.
• Every member of the national commission shall have hold office for a term of 5 years
or upto the age of 70 years which ever is earlier.
• The national commission shall have juridiction to entertain complaints where the
value of the goods or services and compensation, if any, the claim exceeds rs 1 crore.
18. RELIEF GRANTED TO A CONSUMER
• Repair of defective goods.
• Replacement of defective goods.
• Refund of the price paid for the defective goods or service.
• Removal of deficiency in service.
• Refund of extra money charged.
• Withdrawal of goods hazardous to life and safety.
• Compensation for the loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to negligence
of the opposite party.
22. • Prakash was in final year of BSc when he sought admission in the institute
for MCS
• The institute had stipulated that in order to pursue the MCS course,
student has to clear III year exams
• He deposited the fees before declaration of result
• Seeing that he had failed in exams, he tried to withdraw the admission and
requested for a refund, to which the institute did not responded
• Finally, he sent a legal notice to the institute, and then lodged a complaint
in the consumer forum.
23. Judgement
• The institute had to pay the complainant, Chetan Prakash, Rs 32,000 as compensation for
harassment along with the course fee of Rs.62,200.
25. • Bajaj, a resident of Ahmedabad, had purchased a Lay’s packet on 28 June
2010 and sensed its being underweight.
• He wrote twice to the manufacturer. While the first letter got no
response, in reply to the second, it offered Bajaj gifts hamper which he
refused.
• Bajaj approached CERS, who wrote to PepsiCo.
26. • Company refused to accept their fault and gave several unsatisfactory
clarifications
• CERS took the issue to the Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum, which
also gave a favourable ruling
• The company asked for the bill of purchase which Bajaj could not produce
27. Judgement
• The Court overruled the argument of his not having a bill
• CERS requested the court to direct PepsiCo to deposit Rs.2,00,000 in the Consumer Welfare
Fund and award Rs.2,75,250 as punitive damages.
• And also to give Rs.75,000 as costs of litigation.
28. CONCLUSION
• Consumer protection act provide for better protection of the interest of consumer and for that purpose
to make provision for the establishment of the consumer councils and other authorities for settlement
on consumers disputes and for matters connected there with.