Java abstract class & abstract methods,Abstract class in java
Abstract classes are classes that contain one or more abstract methods. An abstract method is a method that is declared, but contains no implementation. Abstract classes may not be instantiated, and require subclasses to provide implementations for the abstract methods.
This is the presentation file about inheritance in java. You can learn details about inheritance and method overriding in inheritance in java. I think it's can help your. Thank you.
This presentation deals with pure object oriented concepts and defines basic principles of OOP's like Encapsulation , polymorphism , Inheritance and Abstraction.
Java abstract class & abstract methods,Abstract class in java
Abstract classes are classes that contain one or more abstract methods. An abstract method is a method that is declared, but contains no implementation. Abstract classes may not be instantiated, and require subclasses to provide implementations for the abstract methods.
This is the presentation file about inheritance in java. You can learn details about inheritance and method overriding in inheritance in java. I think it's can help your. Thank you.
This presentation deals with pure object oriented concepts and defines basic principles of OOP's like Encapsulation , polymorphism , Inheritance and Abstraction.
oops concept in java | object oriented programming in javaCPD INDIA
object oriented programming is a key concept for the development of application in windows as well as web based application environment. oops concept maps real world through its concept of classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism which help in making a robust application.
A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable, i.e., direct address of the memory location. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before you can use it to store any variable address.
There are few important operations, which we will do with the help of pointers very frequently. (a) we define a pointer variable (b) assign the address of a variable to a pointer and (c) finally access the value at the address available in the pointer variable. This is done by using unary operator * that returns the value of the variable located at the address specified by its operand.
oops concept in java | object oriented programming in javaCPD INDIA
object oriented programming is a key concept for the development of application in windows as well as web based application environment. oops concept maps real world through its concept of classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism which help in making a robust application.
A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable, i.e., direct address of the memory location. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before you can use it to store any variable address.
There are few important operations, which we will do with the help of pointers very frequently. (a) we define a pointer variable (b) assign the address of a variable to a pointer and (c) finally access the value at the address available in the pointer variable. This is done by using unary operator * that returns the value of the variable located at the address specified by its operand.
CONSTRUCTORS, DESTRUCTORS AND OPERATOR OVERLOADING.pptxDeepasCSE
Certainly, here's a brief explanation of constructors, destructors, and operator overloading without using code:
Constructors: Constructors are special methods used to initialize objects of a class. They set the initial state of an object when it is created.
Destructors: Destructors are special methods used to clean up resources and perform necessary cleanup when an object is no longer needed or goes out of scope. They ensure proper resource management.
Operator Overloading: Operator overloading is a feature that allows you to define custom behaviors for operators such as +, -, *, /, etc., when they are applied to objects of your class. It enables you to work with objects in a way that is meaningful for your specific class.
Constructors can be of different types:
Default Constructors: Initialize objects with default values.
Parameterized Constructors: Accept arguments to initialize objects with specific values.
Copy Constructors: Create a new object as a copy of an existing object.
Constructor Overloading: A class can have multiple constructors with different parameter lists, providing flexibility in object initialization.
Destructors are executed automatically when an object is destroyed. They are essential for releasing resources like memory, file handles, or network connections, ensuring proper cleanup and preventing resource leaks.
Operator overloading enables you to define how operators work with objects of your class. For instance, you can specify what the + operator does when applied to two objects of your class, allowing for custom operations that make sense in the context of your class's functionality.
In summary, constructors initialize objects, destructors handle cleanup, and operator overloading allows custom operations with operators when working with objects. These features are crucial for building custom classes in object-oriented programming.
Slide 2:
What are the Constructor & destructor ?
Slide 3:
Characteristics of Constructor
Slide 4:
Special CHaracteristics of Destructor
Slide 5:
Similarities
Slide 6:
Dissimilarities
Slides 7:
Default Constructor with example
Slide 8:
Parameterized Constructor
Slide 9:
Copy Constructor with example
Slide 10:
Destructor
Slide 11:
Bibliography
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
1. Sarvajanik College Of
Engineering And Technology
Subject Name :- Object Oriented
Programming With C++
Subject Code :- 2140705
Branch :- Computer Engineering Eve. (COE)
1
2. Group Members And Topic
⮚ 170420107559 – Uttam Thummar
⮚ 170420107560 – Dhriti Uttamchandani
⮚ 170420107561 – Keyur Vadodariya
⮚ 170420107562 – Aditya Vaghela
⮚Topic:- Constructors & Destructors
⮚ Guided By :- Prof. Dipali Kasat
Prof. Jaydeep Barad
2
3. What Does Constructor Mean?
⮚ A constructor is a special method of a class or structure in object oriented
programming that initializes an object of that type.
⮚ A constructor is an instance method that usually has the same name an the
class.
⮚ A constructor can be used to set the values of the member of an object ,
either to default or to user-defined values.
4. Need For Constructor
⮚ It is very common for some part of an object to require initialization
before it can be used.
⮚ Suppose you are working on 100's of objects and the default value
of a particular data member is needed to be zero.
⮚ Initializing all objects manually will be very tedious job.
⮚ Instead, you can define a constructor function which initializes that
data member to zero.
⮚ Then all you have to do is declare object and constructor will
initialize object automatically.
6. Characteristics Of Constructor.
⮚ They should be declared in the public section.
⮚ They are invoked automatically when the object are created.
⮚ They do not have return type not even void and there for they cannot
return any values.
⮚ They cannot be inherited, a derived class can call the base class
constructor.
⮚ They make implicit calls to the operator new and delete when memory
allocation is required.
7. Two Ways For Calling a Constructor
⮚ Implicit call
Class circle
{
float radius;
Public:
circle()
{
radius = 0;
}
circle (float r)
{
radius = r;
}
};
Circle ob (7.6);
⮚ Explicit call
Circle ob;
Ob = circle(7.6);
8. Static Initialization Of Object
Class demo int main ( )
{ {
int pp; demo (2,3);
public ( ): return 0;
demo (int x , int y); }
{
a=x;
b=y;
}
};
9. Dynamic initialization of object
Class demo int main()
{ {
int a,b; int a,b;
public: cout<<“enter 2 no.”;
demo(int x,int y) cin>>a>>b;
{ demo obj (a,b);
a=x; }
b=y;
}
};
10. Types Of Constructors
⮚ There are basically three main types of constructors.
1. Default Constructor
▪ One which is Implicitly called, when an object is created.
2. Parameterized Constructor
▪ One which has arguments.
3. Copy Constructor
▪ One which copies one object to another.
10
11. Default Constructor
⮚ It is a constructor which is
implicitly called at time of
object creation.
⮚ It is automatically declared
and defined by the compiler
if not by the user.
⮚ This constructor has no
arguments and may or may
not have the body
statements.
⮚ So it is also called Non-Arg.
Constructor.
⮚Syntax :-
▪ By User
Classname(no arguments)
{
//Statements
}
▪ By Compiler
Classname(no arguments)
{
//Empty Body
}
11
12. Parameterized Constructor
⮚ Sometimes it becomes necessary
to initialize the various data
elements of an objects with
different values when they are
created.
⮚ This is achieved by passing
arguments to the constructor
function when the objects are
created.
⮚ The constructors that can take
arguments are called
parameterized constructors.
⮚Syntax :-
Classname(arguments)
{
//Statements
}
12
13. Copy Constructor
⮚ It is basically a constructor which
copies one object to another of the
same class.
⮚ The object which is to be copied is
passed as an argument o the
constructor.
⮚ The object in which the data is to
be copied is the object used to
calling constructor.
⮚Syntax :-
classname(classname &object)
{
var = object.var ;
}
13
14. Constructor Overloading
⮚ C++ permits the use of more than one Constructors in a class in a
single program.
⮚ Such a situation is called Constructor Overloading.
⮚Rules For Constructor Overloading :-
⮚ Constructors should have different no.’s of arguments.
⮚ Constructors should have different types of arguments.
14
15. Example Of Constructor Overloading
⮚ #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class circle
{ int r;
public:
//Default Cons.
circle()
{
r = 0;
}
//Parameterized Cons.
circle(int x)
{ r = x;
}
//Copy Cons.
circle(circle &x)
{ r = x.r;
}
void display()
{ cout <<
r;
}
};
int main()
{ circle r1;
r1.display();
r1 = circle(20);
circle r2(r1);
r1.display();
r2.display();
}
⮚ Output :-
0
20
20
15
16. Dynamic Constructor
•The constructors can also be used to allocate memory while
creating objects.
•This will enable the system to allocate the right amount of memory
for each object when the objects are not of the same size.
•Allocation of memory to objects at the time of their construction is
known as dynamic construction of objects.
•The memory is created with the help of the new operator.
16
17. Destructors
● A destructor is used to destroy the objects that have been
created by a constructor.
● Like constructor, the destructor is a member function whose
name is the same as the class name but is preceded by a tilde .
eg: ~ integer ( ) { }
● Whenever new is used to allocate memory in the constructor,
we should use delete to free that memory.
● There can only be 1 destructor in a class.
17
18. Rules Of Destructors
● Destructors cannot be overloaded.
● Destructors take no arguments.
● Destructors don't return any value.
● Destructure cannot be inherited.
A destructor function is called automatically when the object goes out of
scope:
● Function ends
● Program ends
● A block containing local variables ends
● A delete operator is called
18
When is a Destructor called?
19. Example of New and Delete Operators
19
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Test
{
private:
int n;
float *a;
public:
Test()
{
cout << "Enter n: ";
cin >> n;
a = new float[n];
cout << "Enter array
elements." << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << i + 1<<”
element:”;
cin >> *(a + i);
}
}
~Test()
{ delete[] a; }
void Display()
{
cout << "nArray
Elements:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
cout << *(a + i) <<”t”;
}
};
int main() {
Test s;
s.Display();
}
⮚ Output :-
Enter n:3
Enter array
elements:
Enter 1 element:2
Enter 2 element:4
Enter 3 element:6
Array elements:
2 4 6
20. Limitations Of Constructors
⮚ They should only be declared in public section.
⮚ They don’t have any return type, not even void, so they do not return
any value.
⮚ They cannot be Inherited. However a Derived Class can call a Base
Class Constructor.
⮚ Name of the constructor must be same as that of class.
⮚ Constructors may not be Static as well as Virtual.
⮚ We cannot fetch the address of the Constructor Function.
20