The document discusses the evolution of construction collaboration technologies from pre-web to modern platforms like web 2.0 and 3.0, highlighting the development of the UK market and the benefits of online collaboration. Key issues include the challenges of traditional collaboration methods and the shift towards more integrated technologies such as BIM and SaaS. It emphasizes the importance of overcoming cultural resistance to improve collaboration across the industry, noting the potential for reduced costs and improved project efficiency.

1. Construction collaboration: from pre-Web to Web 1.0, to Web 2.0 and beyond …. by Paul Wilkinson (pwcom.co.uk)

2. Who is Paul Wilkinson? Introducing construction collaboration technologies Development of the UK market Benefits of online collaboration – NCCTP research 2006 Overcoming resistance New directions for collaboration beyond file-sharing (eg: process management, financial control, mobile working) The ‘I’ in BIM the SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) revolution Web 2.0 (and 3.0) Summary PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

3. Who am I? worked in construction industry since 1987 in-house: Halcrow, Tarmac/Carillion, BIW current/recent clients: BIW, Constructing Excellence, 4Projects, Incite, Slider Studio, tCn, Woobius author of book on construction collaboration technologies (2005) Wikipedian (2003), blogger (2005), Tweeter (2008) PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

4. Face-to-face Written word Hand drawings Telephone Telegram Telex Fax CAD Email Groupware (eg: Lotus Notes) File transfer protocol (FTP) Websites Intranets, enterprise portals Video- and tele-conferencing Extranets Web-conferencing applications File-sharing (P2P) Instant messaging Discussion forums Wikis Blogs RSS Social networking Social search, tagging, sharing Mashups: Mapping, time-lines, etc Virtual worlds Cloud computing PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA Web 2.0 BIM SaaS

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7. Specs Drawings Minutes Programmes Cost plans correspondence etc Email Fax Courier Post (CD, paper) Traditionally… PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

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10. Traditional AEC collaboration: issues Incompatible IT = unreadable data = heavy reliance on paper Extensive – and expensive – production of paper Email overload No single version of ‘the truth’ ‘ Islands’ of information Poor security Low transparency of information, opaque processes No complete project record, no audit trail, risk of disputes/litigation Low quantity/quality of information for FM or O&M purposes PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

11. Fewer interoperability issues Less paper Latest information available to all Complete record of project Full information audit trail Single central repository of information Greater re-use of information (eg: for H&S File, standards, tendering, defects mgmt, O&M, etc) What does it look like…? So collaborate! PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

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16. Technology issues (1): Standards a la “Betamax or VHS”? Interoperability Cost do we need new hardware/software (eg: CAD)? new telecoms links? printing costs pushed down supply chain? clients might expect lower fees? Training Implementation PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

17. Technology issues (2): Industry slow to adopt new technology Legal status of electronic communication Contractual relationships with technology provider ASP service interruption or unforeseen termination Preference for paper Copyright, archive concerns Suspicion/fear re web-based or web-enabled technologies Security – hacking, viruses Reliability – 24/7 access, backup Too transparent (threat to old-style attitudes) ‘ Dot.com doubt’ – re ASP/SaaS/on-demand providers Too many suppliers Who will survive? PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

18. Mid 1990s first experiments with project websites Late 1990s project websites used to host documents and drawings 2000 Dot.com boom … and bust! 2000-2002 internet faith low; slow growth for survivors 2003-2005 increased internet faith; more sustained growth; web-based collaboration becoming normal 2008-2009 Recession and the rise of low-cost solutions 2010- Collaboration - so what? What next? PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

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20. UK market UK AEC collaboration market - development PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA Market share Sophistication/functionality 4Projects Aconex BIW Asite Buzzsaw CTSpace Unit4 Cadweb Causeway ePIN ProjectWise Sarcophagus Woobius Union Square iSite Collabor8online CloudsUK StickyWorld

21. UK AEC collaboration market - development PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

22. UK AEC collaboration market - development PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

23. UK AEC collaboration market - development PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

24. UK AEC collaboration market - development PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

25. What are the benefits? Market research conducted April-May 2006 User views (not vendor hype) PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

26. Net Average Drawing Approval times Base: 194 # of days 26% time saving on average overall PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

27. Main benefits experienced in project management, communications and team working… Base: 272 PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

28. Main benefits experienced in document management, storage and retrieval Base: 272 PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

29. Main benefits experienced in hand-over, commissioning, operations and maintenance Base: 105 involved with this phase of projects PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

30. 96% feel they benefit from using the technology Client preference for contractors who are willing to work with or have experience of the technology Several benefits are widely accepted/associated with the technology (following seen as substantial by 80%+ of users): Documents can be accessed 24/7 Project information available centrally Less money spent on couriers/post Less chance of losing important documents Better audit trail PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

31. Strong commitment to a still evolving technology (it took 10+ years for CAD to become commonplace) Vendors need to do more to overcome designers’ and sub-contractors’ reservations time and cost savings were not ranked as the most important areas of differentiation – the key perceived benefits relate to better control, communication and collaboration Perceived obstacles mainly relate to people and processes (eg: implementation, education/training issues), not technology PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

32. Construction collaboration technologies People, processes (80%) and technology (20%) Barriers to adoption: Resistance to principle of collaborative working Resistance to adoption of new technology Overcoming resistance

33. How will we get there? PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

34. internet technologies EDMS, FTP, file-sharing, Web 1.0 BIM, Web 2.0, Web 3.0 PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

35. Construction Collaboration Financial tools Business processes CAD/BIM vendors Generic collaboration tools Project management tools FM tools E-commerce Back office Mobile working Contracts Whole life costing Defects management SaaS UK AEC collaboration market - development PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA Compliance Knowledge management Web 2.0 BIM

36. Construction Collaboration Financial tools Business processes CAD/BIM vendors Generic collaboration tools Project management tools FM tools E-commerce Back office Mobile working Contracts Whole life costing Defects management SaaS UK AEC collaboration market - development PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA Compliance Knowledge management Web 2.0 BIM

37. Less about file storage/exchange More about key business processes Move beyond simple processes (eg: RFIs, change orders, transmittals, etc) ‘ Collaboration-plus’ Corporate standards (eg: standard designs, specs) Health and safety management (eg: non-conformance reports) Procurement (ie: e-tendering) Project financial control Quality control (defects/snagging – mobile solutions) Contract change management Facilities management support Development of UK market: ‘collaboration-plus’ PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

38. Shift from CAD to BIM “ CAD helps people to draw. BIM helps people to construct.” (Richard Saxon, Ecobuild, February 2009) “ BIM is not CAD. BIM was never meant to be CAD. CAD is a replacement for pen and paper, a documentation tool.” ( Pete Zyskowski , Cadalyst ) PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES

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40. PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES http://shop.bsigroup.com/Browse-by-Sector/Building--Construction/Building-Information-Modelling/

41. Collaboration: to manage the ‘I’ in BIM, “the ins and outs of BIM” – the drawings, the workflows PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES

42. “ We have commissioned a team drawn from BIM users across the industry, both clients and suppliers, and software developers, to prepare a route map that shows how we can make a progressive move to the routine use of BIM. “ I am convinced that this is the way to unlock new ways of working that will reduce cost and add long-term value to the development and management of built assets in the public sector.” PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES Paul Morrell: bidders and contractors on future UK public building projects will use BIM.

43. What is Web 2.0? the use of web technologies and web design to enhance creativity, information sharing, and, most notably, collaboration among users. Not: one-way, a monologue, received-only Two-way, conversational, participative, active PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES

44. Discussion forums Building Constructing Excellence Home pages Static to configurable iGoogle , Google Alerts Wikis Open - Wikipedia Organisation - RIBApedia Internal - Fielden Clegg Bradley Blogs Personal but work-related – eg: ExtranetEvolution.com Corporate – eg: SaaStainability.com Media tool – eg: Brickonomics Micro-blogging – Twitter: personal , corporate , media PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES “ Wisdom of crowds”

45. RSS Feed-readers (local or web-based: Newsgator , Google Reader , etc) RSS publishing (from bloggers, media, corporate) Social networking From personal (MySpace, Bebo, Facebook) … … to professional ( Facebook , LinkedIn , Ning) Social search ( Wikia ) Social tagging and sharing ( Del.icio.us , Digg, etc) Sharing: Voice over IP – Skype Calendar – Google Calendar Slides – SlideShare; Photos – Flickr ; Video – YouTube Stuff – Freecycle Mashups: Mapping (Google Maps), time-lines ( Dipity ) Virtual worlds – eg: Second Life PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES

46. internet technologies EDMS, FTP, file-sharing, Web 1.0 Web 2.0, BIM, Web 3.0 hardware & software static, office-based, internal mobile, SaaS, cloud computing PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES

47. PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES

48. PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES

49. For example: Woobius Eye – mobile, real-time augmented reality, location-specific PROCESSES NEXT? PEOPLE AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 TECHNOLOGIES

50. internet technologies EDMS, FTP, file-sharing, Web 1.0 Web 2.0, BIM, Web 3.0 hardware & software static, office-based, internal mobile, SaaS PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA industry attitudes contractual, price-driven collaborative, sharing, ‘ best value’ focus

51. People and processes (1): industry attitudes to collaboration Conservative Slow to change - inertia Very fragmented – danger: preach to the converted only, while majority continue with old approaches Focused on delivery , not ‘whole life’ People and processes (2): inter-organisation Necessary evil or a strategic objective? One project at a time or long-term relationships? Contractual or collaborative attitude? Own agenda or mutual objectives? Management approach PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

52. People and processes (3): intra-organisation attitudes to collaboration ‘ Silo’ dwelling – department, region, profession Corporate ladder – different agendas Management – do managers … Preach collaboration? Practice collaboration? Reward collaboration? Intra-organisational collaborators probably better able to collaborate externally … People and processes (4): individual Age – older professionals more resistant? Professional learning – traditional approaches Experience – tried, trusted techniques ‘ Creative isolation’ – develop ideas then share? PROCESSES NEXT? COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES AGENDA

53. internet technologies EDMS, FTP, file-sharing, Web 1.0 Web 2.0, BIM, Web 3.0 hardware & software static, office-based, internal mobile, SaaS PROCESSES NEXT? AGENDA industry attitudes contractual, price-driven collaborative, sharing, ‘ best value’ focus industry mindsets silo-based, anti-‘social’ open, ‘social’ COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

54. PROCESSES NEXT? AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

55. For example: ‘ democratic design’ open-source PROCESSES NEXT? AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

56. For example: Embrace Gen Y And start planning for Gen Z PROCESSES NEXT? AGENDA COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

57. PROCESSES NEXT? AGENDA processes & workflows paper-based, impersonal, ‘push’ model-based, personal, rich media, ‘pull’ COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

58. NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

59. For example: video-sharing slideshows photos virtual reality NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

60. NEXT? AGENDA processes & workflows paper-based, impersonal, ‘push’ model-based, personal, rich media, ‘pull’ supply chain structures fragmented, dis-enfranchised joined-up, integrated inclusive, end-to-end PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

61. Key research agenda (2008) Collaborative prototyping to define and deliver client requirements Efficient, seamless sharing of information across the built environment stakeholders Ability to interact with real-time information regardless of physical location or timezone Mass adoption and application of off-site manufacturing, automation and mechanisation processes Well trained, well qualified workforce able to use the latest best practice technologies NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

62. industry time-frames short-term, design and construct long-term, design, build operate, re-use NEXT? AGENDA processes & workflows paper-based, impersonal, ‘push’ model-based, personal, rich media, ‘pull’ supply chain structures fragmented, dis-enfranchised joined-up, integrated inclusive, end-to-end PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

63. feasibility planning design construction handover Occupation, FM, O&M Whole life information Design IT Construction IT Handover IT Planning IT FM IT interoperability Re-use of existing information … and processes Information as part of the asset NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

64. For example: 1 : 5 : 200 Be Valuable NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

65. industry attitudes contractual, price-driven collaborative, sharing, ‘ best value’ focus industry mindsets industry time-frames industry approaches silo-based, anti-‘social’ short-term, design and construct (new) build if possible open, ‘social’ long-term, design, build operate, re-use build if necessary and sustainable NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

66. UK Gov to focus on two aims: co-ordinate low carbon policy improve government’s return on its investment . “… enormous potential …lies in more intelligent use of ICT … in improving communications, reducing or removing transaction costs, transforming the way that buildings are designed, creating more direct links between design and fabrication/assembly, removing the coordination errors that too often block productivity etc.” (Paul Morrell, UK chief construction adviser, December 2009) NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

67. Construction collaboration technologies survived the “dot.com doom” Benefits of online collaboration are clear … … yet overcoming resistance has more to do with changing culture (people and processes) than technology UK market still buoyant, but generic collaborative technologies are spreading, and other vendors could look to expand footprint in AEC market Collaboration vendors, customers and users therefore need to look look beyond file-sharing (eg: process management, financial control, mobile working) understand the SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) or On-Demand revolution embrace BIM, embrace web 2.0 New business models will emerge in next 2-3 years Summary NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

68. Next? CADaaS – CAD as a Service BIMaaS – BIM as a Service But BIM will require changes, eg: Procurement Contracts Insurance Intellectual property Rise of the tech-Nomad The internet of things Summary NEXT? AGENDA PROCESSES COLLABORATION 1.0 PEOPLE TECHNOLOGIES

69. Thank you Contact: Paul Wilkinson Blog: www.extranetevolution.com Email: [email_address] Tel: +44 (0)20 8858 1104 mob: 07788 445920 Twitter: @EEPaul