Conservation of the black stilt (Himantopus novaezealandiae)
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The black stilt is one of the world's rarest wading birds and has been intensively managed since 1981. This slideshow presents and overview of the species and the history of its conservation.
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Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
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- 1. Conservation of the black stilt http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/black-stilt-himantopus-novaezelandiae/new-zealand-rare-endangered-black-stilt
- 2. Black stilt / Kaki • One of the rarest wading birds in the world • Endemic to New Zealand • Plumage is completely black • Long red legs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Stilt
- 3. Black stilt / Kaki • Mate for life • Sometimes mate with the closely related pied stilt (Himantopus himantopus) • Live in braided rivers and wetlands • Once common throughout New Zealand, now only found in braided rivers of the MacKenzie Basin, South Island
- 4. Black stilt / Kaki • IUCN status - critically endangered • Population size – declined to as little as 23 birds in the wild. • Managed since 1981 http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/175314/
- 5. Threats • Habitat loss – the drainage of wetlands and channalisation of rivers • Predation – introduced of mammals such as cats, ferrets and hedgehogs during the european settlement. • May also be concentrated because of 1080 control on rabbit populations. • Recreational users of rivers and wetlands • Fishing and walkers - crushing of eggs and chicks • Jet boats – scare adult birds away from nests.
- 6. Vulnerability increased due to: • Timing – black stilt chicks are born earlier than other chicks so they are subject to more concentrated predation pressure. • Length of fledging – chicks are dependant for 39-55 days before fledging and at risk for longer. • Nest alone rather than in colonies i.e. less protection • Hybridisation with pied stilts - can reduce the number of offspring with 'pure' black stilt genetics.
- 7. Conservation by numbers • Intensive management of the black stilt began in 1981. • Department of Conservation (DOC) opened a captive breeding centre near Twizel and by 2005 the number of wild black stilt had increased to 55. • Kaki Recovery Programme hatched 139 chicks in the 2013/2014 season and estimate breeding adult numbers to be between 58-78 for early 2014.
- 8. Conservation Efforts • Removing eggs from nests to encourage parents to lay a second clutch. • Controlling water levels in managed wetlands to encourage bird feeding and breeding. • Trapping of predators around known nests. • Captive breeding • Predator proof fences http://docnz.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/cody-glen-juvenile-kaki-release.jpg
- 9. http://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/kaki/ Successful hatchings of the 2012/2013 season
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- 12. Possible future conservation ● Establish a self-sustaining population on a predator-free offshore island. ● Continue with current monitoring programs.
- 13. To summarise... ● 30 years of work by New Zealand's Department of Conservation and the community within the MacKenzie Basin has prevented the extinction of the black stilt. ● The population is slowly recovering through captive breeding and other conservation efforts. ● Black stilts are far from safe from the risks of extinction. ● Slow increases in population size means ongoing conservation will be required for some time.
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