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Conservation of environment for future
1. P. SURESHKUMAR, M. Sc., M. Phil., M.B.A., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor in Environmental Sciences
Faculty of Marine Sciences
Annamalai University
Parangipettai-608 502
Mob. 8903041579
sure2004@gmail.com
ByBy
Conservation of Environment for Future
6. Parts of an Ecosystem
• An ecosystem is made up of all the living and
nonliving things in an environment.
7. Non Living Components
Intensity of light
Range of temperatures
Amount of moisture
Type of substratum (soil or rock type)
Availability of inorganic substances such as minerals
Supply of gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
pH ,etc.
9. Different types of organisms live in an
ecosystem.
Individual living things can be
grouped into higher levels of
organization.
A group of organisms of the same
kind living in the same place is a
population.
10. All the population that live in an ecosystem at the same
time form a community.
13. Producers
• Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight.
• Some organisms, such as plants, algae, and some
bacteria, capture the energy of sunlight and store it as
food energy. (Through photosynthesis)
• An organism that can make its own food is a
producer.
Energy is transferred to
15. Consumers
• Some members of an ecosystem cannot
make their own food.
• An organism that obtains energy by feeding
on other organisms is a consumer.
16. Consumers
• Consumers are classified (grouped) by what
they eat.
»Herbivores
»Carnivores
»Omnivores
»Scavengers
17. Consumers - Herbivores
• Consumers that eat only plants are
herbivores.
–Examples: caterpillars and deer
18. Consumers - Carnivores
• Consumers that eat only animals are
carnivores.
–Examples: Lions and spiders
19. Consumers - Omnivores
• Consumers that eat both plants and animals are
omnivores.
–Crows, bears, and most humans are
omnivores.
20. Consumers - Scavengers
• Some carnivores are scavengers.
• A scavenger is a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of
dead organisms.
–Examples: catfish and vultures
http://www.fisheriesmanagement.co.uk/catfish/catfish_introduction.htm
21. Decomposers
• Decomposers break down wastes and dead
organisms and return the raw materials to the
ecosystem.
• You can think of decomposers as nature’s
recyclers.
• Mushrooms and bacteria are common
decomposers.
22. Food Chains and Food Webs
• Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight and
is converted into food molecules by producers.
• This energy is transferred to each organism
that eats a producer, and then to other
organisms that feed on these consumers.
• The movement of energy through an
ecosystem can be shown in diagrams called
food chains and food webs.
23. What is a food chain?
• A food chain is “a sequence of organisms,
each of which uses the next, lower member of
the sequence as a food source”
24. Food Webs
• A food web
consists of
the many
overlapping
food chains
in an
ecosystem.
25. Ecological Pyramids
Write the Definitions of Each Pyramid
Pyramid of Numbers
Shows the relative
number of individual
organisms at each
trophic level.
Biomass Pyramid
Represents the amount of
living organic matter at each
trophic level. Typically, the
greatest biomass is at the
base of the pyramid.
Energy Pyramid
Shows the relative amount of
energy available at each trophic
level. Organisms use about 10
percent of this energy for life processes.
The rest is lost as heat.
26. Energy Pyramids
An energy pyramid
shows the amount of
energy that moves from
one feeding level to
another in a food web.
Where is the
most energy
available?
Why does less
energy become
available at each
level?
28. • Artificial /Man made ecosystem
Artificial ecosystems are created by humans.
Ex.
Animal reserve or a giant terrarium e.g. zoo
Gardens are also artificial ecosystem
Crop lands like maize, sugarcane, rice-fields,
wheat, orchards,
Dams, aquarium, cities, and manned spaceship.
38. Ecosystem goods and services
Direct Values:
• These are resources that people depend upon directly and
are easy to quantify in economic terms.
• Consumptive Use Value - Non-market value of fruit,
fodder, firewood, etc.
• Productive Use Value – Commercial value of timber, fish,
medicinal plants, etc. that people collect for sale.
40. Indirect Values:
• These are uses that do not have easy ways to quantify them in
terms of a clearly definable price.
• Non-consumptive use value - scientific research, bird watching,
ecotourism, etc.
• Option value - maintaining options for the future, so that by
preserving them one could reap economic benefits in the future.
• Existence value - ethical and emotional aspects of the existence
of wildlife and nature.
41.
42. Natural Resources
According to Ramade (1984), a natural
resource is defined as a form of energy
and/or matter, which is essential for the
functioning of organisms, populations and
ecosystems.
52. “Harmonious Nature” Myth
• There is a persistent belief in many
cultures that in the “old days,” people lived
in harmony with nature.
• In fact, use and abuse of nature has a long
history in all human cultures.
53. Use and Misuse of Natural Resources
• Natural resources are the substances that are
supplied by nature and needed for survival
– Include air, water, soil, sun, plants, animals, and
fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas)
• Many natural resources are limited in supply
and cannot be renewed
continued
62. • From the initial 202,586 applicants, only 100 hopefuls have been selected to
proceed to the next round of the Mars One Astronaut Selection Process, The
Netherlands-based non-profit organisation Mars One has announced. The project
aims to set up a human colony on Mars and eventually around 40 people will be
sent to the red planet on a permanent basis. The finalists will train for seven years
and Mars One will begin sending out four at a time from 2024. The Mars 100
Round Three candidates include 50 men and 50 women with 39 from the Americas,
31 from Europe, 16 from Asia, 7 from Africa, and 7 from Oceania. The Indian
candidates include 29-year-old Taranjeet Singh Bhatia, who is studying Doctorate
in Computer Science at the University of Central Florida. The other two are Ritika
Singh, 29, who lives in Dubai, and Shradha Prasad, 19, from Kerala. ….
63. • This shows the use and throw culture of the
highly developed society
64. Current Slogan
“Don’t drink water in
under developed countries,
Don’t breathe air in the
developed countries”
65. NOW YOU SAY HONESTLY ARE WE
DEVELOPING IN RIGHT
DIRECTION?
66. Origin of the Environmentalism
• Several different branches of science and social
movement come together in today’s
environmentalism:
– Conservation
– Preservation
– Ecology
– Biodiversity
67. Mantra for future
• Sustainability – using a natural resource so
that it is not depleted or permanently
damaged
• Sustainability reduces pollution and helps to
keep the environment safe
continued
68. Conservation vs. Preservation
• The goal of conservation is sustainable
use and management of an
economically important natural
resource so that people can continue
using the resource.
• The goal of preservation is to maintain
areas of the earth that are so far
untouched by human exploitation.
• “Conservation” is sometimes used to
refer to both principles.
70. Protect and Conserve Natural Resources
• Conserve – to save
• Using alternative energy sources helps to
conserve limited fossil fuels
– Hybrid engines in cars and trucks use much less gas
– Wind turbines can produce electric power
continued
71. Conserving Natural Resources
• Alternative energy – using energy from
renewable resources such as wind/sun
– Hybrid engines in cars and trucks use much less gas
– Wind turbines can produce electric power
– Going for non polluting energies( H2, Magnets, etc.)
72. The 3 R’s
“Find your own ways to make less trash,
and help others to learn how to Reduce,
Reuse, and Recycle.”
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Introduction
Introduce yourself and briefly describe who you are and what you do.
Environmentalism is an issue that has become a top priority in the U.S. and around the world in the 21st century. It seems that the planet is collectively becoming aware of the damage that has been caused to the Earth by irresponsible behavior. Issues like global warming, air pollution, greenhouse emissions, toxic waste, depletion of natural resources and the disappearing ozone layer have served as warning signs that we must change our ways to sustain our planet.
As scientists warn us of the impending dangers to our planet we form task forces and watch dog organizations to monitor the state of our environment. The government has created new laws and industry regulations in the hopes of reversing global damages. Protecting the earth is indeed an issue of top importance.
However, if care is not taken when working with the land, the results can be detrimental to the Earth, the future of food production and generations to come. Scientists and conservationists warn that the world’s most productive farmland is being threatened by the following agricultural-related environmental hazards:
Soil Erosion
Water Contamination
Inefficient use of chemicals
Wildlife endangerment
Fortunately, agriculturists have taken an active role in preventing further damage by developing innovative farming solutions that are being adopted rapidly by farmers and ranchers in the U.S. and around the world. Next we will take a look at the new technologies and farming methods that promote conservation and how they are benefiting farmers, consumers and the environment.
If you take a close look at the agricultural community you will see a group that is dedicated to protecting the environment.
As the global population increases, food producers are developing new agricultural techniques which allow us to grow more food on less land. These techniques, which we will discuss in a few minutes, are also offering measurable environmental benefits that conserve soil, protect drinking water, reduce chemical use and protect wildlife, all while allowing farmers to increase their yields to feed a growing population.