The subject of connected government is coming once again to the forefront of national development priorities all over the world. This is stemming from the need to address various local and global necessities in light of changing landscape of the new digital world we live in today. In a connected government context, public service agencies are needed to act as a single enterprise so that citizens feel they are being served by one organisation rather than a number of different public authorities. Identity management is considered here a fundamental pillar to enable such operating models, and support single sign-on (SSO) and online identity validation capabilities for e-government and e-commerce environments. This article explores and describes the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government integration strategy with relation to keeping its national identity management infrastructure (population register) updated as life events take place. The integration strategy also aims to support federal and local government entities to verify citizen and resident information using their own applications in a secure, reliable, and integrated manner. Other expected contributions of the integration platform is to support decision-making and strategic planning dimensions of government work.
Governments the world over are competing with each other to be at a leading position in the arena of e-government. e-Government is seen as a path to modernisation and rendering more efficient and effective public sector services. Recent practices in the field have focused on bringing the government closer to the people. As such, governments worldwide adopted various government-to-citizen (G2C) e-government models in an attempt to improve and provide round the clock availability of all government public services. This article provides a review of the current e-government field with a focus on Arab countries. We present a conceptual six-staged roadmap that illustrates our account of idealisation on how Arab countries should prioritise their e-government short and mid-term efforts. It is a simplified model that represents mega functions that governments need to bear in mind when addressing the changing development needs of the globalised world we live in today. We argue that the stages of the proposed roadmap have the potential to support the development of the public sector and the emergence of the Arab bloc as strong revolutionised citizen-centric governments.
E-GOVERNMENT IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND CITIZEN’S SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY ON ...ijmpict
In the traditional form of public administration, service delivery is encircled with paper based long
procedures that makes the citizen dissatisfied with the services because of several problems such as delay
in the service, corruption and offices are centrally located. In order to provide better services to the citizen
Bangladesh government has taken the initiatives to make services available through online. In this regard,
government has established national web portal, combining and making all government official websites
interactive. General people now can submit their applications through online to get necessary public
services. Government breaks the rigid boundary between government offices and citizen and reaches to the
people so that they can get public services from their houses. This paradigm shift from traditional public
administration to e-governance brings changes in service delivery. It minimizes time, costs, corruption and
omits middle man culture and ultimately makes people happy. This paper utilizes qualitative approach to
examine the process, benefits of recent innovations initiated by the democratic government and analyze the
people’s perceptions. It is found that utilizing the e-government infrastructure Bangladesh government has
reached to the people and provided services at their doorsteps by establishing the national web portal
through which citizen can access their useful services. Regarding the public services related to health
service, education service, bill payment of necessary services, income tax payment, trade licence, land
records, agricultural issues, law and order service are now easily enjoyed from the house through internet.
However, the faster speed of customer demand in getting all services cannot be addressed with the limited
IT infrastructure, unskilled manpower, limited electricity supply which should be solved as quickly as
possible by emphasizing and initiating new programs. Findings show that government should think the
intended and unintended consequences of materializing some initiatives and take necessary steps before
intensifying the problem and making people unhappy with the services that have already been provided
Governments the world over are competing with each other to be at a leading position in the arena of e-government. e-Government is seen as a path to modernisation and rendering more efficient and effective public sector services. Recent practices in the field have focused on bringing the government closer to the people. As such, governments worldwide adopted various government-to-citizen (G2C) e-government models in an attempt to improve and provide round the clock availability of all government public services. This article provides a review of the current e-government field with a focus on Arab countries. We present a conceptual six-staged roadmap that illustrates our account of idealisation on how Arab countries should prioritise their e-government short and mid-term efforts. It is a simplified model that represents mega functions that governments need to bear in mind when addressing the changing development needs of the globalised world we live in today. We argue that the stages of the proposed roadmap have the potential to support the development of the public sector and the emergence of the Arab bloc as strong revolutionised citizen-centric governments.
E-GOVERNMENT IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND CITIZEN’S SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY ON ...ijmpict
In the traditional form of public administration, service delivery is encircled with paper based long
procedures that makes the citizen dissatisfied with the services because of several problems such as delay
in the service, corruption and offices are centrally located. In order to provide better services to the citizen
Bangladesh government has taken the initiatives to make services available through online. In this regard,
government has established national web portal, combining and making all government official websites
interactive. General people now can submit their applications through online to get necessary public
services. Government breaks the rigid boundary between government offices and citizen and reaches to the
people so that they can get public services from their houses. This paradigm shift from traditional public
administration to e-governance brings changes in service delivery. It minimizes time, costs, corruption and
omits middle man culture and ultimately makes people happy. This paper utilizes qualitative approach to
examine the process, benefits of recent innovations initiated by the democratic government and analyze the
people’s perceptions. It is found that utilizing the e-government infrastructure Bangladesh government has
reached to the people and provided services at their doorsteps by establishing the national web portal
through which citizen can access their useful services. Regarding the public services related to health
service, education service, bill payment of necessary services, income tax payment, trade licence, land
records, agricultural issues, law and order service are now easily enjoyed from the house through internet.
However, the faster speed of customer demand in getting all services cannot be addressed with the limited
IT infrastructure, unskilled manpower, limited electricity supply which should be solved as quickly as
possible by emphasizing and initiating new programs. Findings show that government should think the
intended and unintended consequences of materializing some initiatives and take necessary steps before
intensifying the problem and making people unhappy with the services that have already been provided
Towards a sustainable e-Participation implementation model ePractice.eu
Author: M. Sirajul Islam.
This paper proposes a framework for an effective e-Participation model that can be suitable under certain socio-economic settings and applicable to any country. Most of such previous initiatives were experimental in nature and lacked in both public awareness and clearly defined expected outcomes.
The BMC_DEISI is a composite index that aggregates a large number of published indicators reflecting various key factors of the information society and digital economy. Such factors should be exhaustive and hence capture different aspects such as inputs (drivers), enablers (regulation and business environment), outcomes and outputs (performance), and impacts.
The conceptual framework is composed of five sub-indices with their sub-pillars: Human Capital; ICT Readiness; Governance; ICT Adoption and Usage; and Economic & Social Impact. It includes 58 indicators, two of them are indices, to populate the 5 pillars and 10 sub-pillars.
The concept of local e-Government has become a key factor for delivering services in an efficient, cost
effective, transparent and convenient way, in circumstances where a) citizens do not have enough time
available to communicate with local authorities in order to perform their responsibilities and needs, and
b) information and communication technologies significantly facilitate administrative procedures and
citizens-government interaction. This paper aims to identify e-services that local authorities provide, and
to investigate their readiness for delivering these services. A pilot research has been conducted to identify
the offer of e-services by local authorities, along with e-readiness in municipalities of the Pelagonia
region in the Republic of Macedonia. The survey was carried out by means of structured interview
questions based on a modified model proposed by Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development – web
analysis of municipal websites in the region has been conducted, as well. The study reveals uneven
distribution according to the age group of users, lack of reliability and confidence for processing the needs
and requests electronically by a large part of the population, and improperly developed set of ICT tools by
local governments for providing a variety of services that can be fully processed electronically.
Adaption of E-Filling of Income Tax Returns in KurdistanAI Publications
The study aimed to examine factors influencing E-filling in Kurdistan region of Iraq. To measure the current study, the researchers used three factors (perception, awareness, and quality) as independent variables and E-filling as dependent variable. A quantitative technique applied in order to analyze the current study. Sample design refers to the procedure or method the researcher is willing to accept in choosing items for the sample. Research sample was selected using a procedure of random sampling and it was carried out in different banks. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed, however 109 participants properly filled out the questionnaires. The results of the study revealed that low levels of computer literacy have a substantial impact on the compliance levels of government organizations. The research determined that in the context of security, the danger of tax noncompliance did not have a major effect on the degree of compliance among the various Iraqi government institutions in the Kurdistan area. The extension or upgrade would be sure to assist in better understanding the determining factor for electronic filing acceptability. Moreover, government agencies, government policy makers, and system designers could also profit from a management policy such as policy makers and agencies. Because of this, the theory and discussion on the subject would provide factual support for the reasons behind why this technology was difficult to adopt. The results show that awareness influences E-as an influential factor significantly and positively E-filling at 5% level. The results show that quality influences E-as an influential factor significantly and positively E-filling at 5% level. The results show that E-filling E-as an influential factor influences significantly and positively E-filling at 5% level. Moreover, all beta value is higher than .001. All models have very high adjusted R2 (0.693, 0.621, 0.712, and 0.763 respectively) indicating the ability of the models explaining the variation of E-filling due to variation of independent variables is very high. The F-value shows that the explanatory variables are jointly statistically significant in the model and the Durbin-Watson (DW) statistics reveals that there is autocorrelation in the models.
This book is the fifth in a series. It represents a collection of published research articles in several international journals between 2013 and 2014. They cover topics related mainly to one of the most perilous fields of practice; namely: the advances and use of modern identity management systems for contemporary applications.
In principle, the articles provide critical insights of how the UAE government mainly, and GCC countries in broader sense, envisage and use modern identity management infrastructure, to lay down the building blocks of digital economy. Throughout the articles, identity management is contemplated as a source of growth, with the potential to support more productive and stronger national economies, to foster innovation, competitiveness and user participation, and to contribute effectively to the prosperity of societies as whole.
To allow better reading, articles included in this book were grouped into three categories: smart government, digital identity, and identity applications. They bring in various experimented practices and portray UAE government intentions to fabricate trusted and secure cross-border infrastructure to authenticate and validate electronic identities and for different applications.
Once again and as we emphasized in previous series, these articles are distinguished from those available studies in the existing body of knowledge conducted in the Middle East. Research studies in general are normally conducted by researchers who are very much interested in the academic rigor, rather than its practicality. Also very limited information is normally exposed and distributed about government projects which are by and large characterised to be classified, which makes existing research studies lack some fundamental understanding of issues that makes up the bigger picture.
The research work in this book was written by a senior government official and brings forward key critical insights from several strategic government initiatives, management frameworks, imperative thoughts, reflections, and fundamental lessons learned. This should allow management to deepen their understanding of such projects and practices and better manage the associated risks, and fuse their lines of attack in terms of how similar projects are approached, managed and implemented. In short, the intention of this work is to support the advancement of the researched fields and contribute towards global development of knowledge in order to make this world a better place to live in for everybody.
The influence of accounting software in minimizing business costsAI Publications
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have made significant contributions to the economic development of the country and the creation of new jobs. This results in the creation of revenue, the contribution of social activities, and the reduction of poverty. The progress of technology has a significant influence on people and places all over the world. The advancement of technology has an impact on all businesses, but it has a particularly significant impact on SMEs. The study collected empirical data from 71 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Erbil, and bivariate and factor analyses were utilized for the subsequent analysis. In the literature, the variables cost, business size, infrastructure, government backing, management support, external environment, and perceived ease of use have all been highlighted as being important considerations.
The topic of public-private partnerships has been received with great interest by governments, societies and research centers around the world. After it became clear that the process of economic and social development is based on mobilizing and gathering all the potentials of society, including the energies, resources and experiences of both the public and private sectors, to participate in the institutional organizations that deal with the establishment and operation of projects of various kinds after the institutional arrangements faced separate and independent sectoral challenges and difficulties. In achieving the goals of development levels is an ambitious goal. Therefore, developed countries seek to develop institutions, legislation and institutional systems to adopt participatory organizations in which all sectors of society contribute to directing, managing and operating projects and businesses, developing and developing them in order to serve their purposes on the basis of cooperative participation, good governance, transparent accountability and mutual benefit.
Performance Measurement System Effectiveness and PublicPrivate Partnership As...iosrjce
The paper assess whether government participation in public-private partnership has brought
improved service delivery and efficiency in governance. The operations of government like any other private
institutions require continuous evaluation in the form of performance measurement system for improvement,
satisfaction of customers, employees and stakeholders. Data was administered Lagos waste management
authority and public. The extent of efficiency in service delivery and governance; and the effectiveness of
performance measurement usage were measured using an index computed from questionnaire items. The data
was subjected to Mann-Whitney independent sample test. Significant differences were observed in the
assessment of staff and the public on public-private partnership service delivery efficiency. The public
confirmed that waste service delivery is efficient as it had yielded quality service and cleaner environment. The
study recommended therefore that for continued public confidence in governance, efficiency in service delivery
and the use of performance measurement techniques should not be undermined or sacrificed for political gains.
This can be facilitated through conscientious monitoring of the outsourced services.
Operational Challenges in the Application of Human Resource Information Syste...AI Publications
This study was conducted to assess the Operational Challenges in the Application of Human Resource Information Systems: An investigation in the select Brac Tanzania and CRDB Bank PLC Private Financial Institutions. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing user skills in the application of HRIS, assessing infrastructure challenges in the application of HRIS, and lastly assessing support and system maintenance challenges in application of HRIS. The study employed qualitative approach and explanatory research design in which primary data was obtained by using interview as well as documentary reviews. The findings show that most of the employees have basic information in relation to the use and application of HRIS, they also only have skills on how to operate small portion of the HRIS system such as updating their information in the system. There are infrastructure challenges in the application of HRIS such as buildings well designed to accommodate the system, and well trained personnel to operate the system. It was also revealed that system, support and maintenance helps in updating the system time to time. In order to accommodate new technologies there are system support and maintenance challenges such as cost of maintenance and cybersecurity. The study recommends employees and managers training in order to improve the user skills in relation to application of HRIS. The study also recommended that the HRIS system should be maintained with high level of security and privacy. Not only that but also the study recommends that HR manager should ensure that they stay updated about the changes in technology.
جاءت فكرة هذا الكتاب من واقع تجربة هيئة الإمارات للهوية بالتعلم المؤسسي التي تبنت هذا العلم الإداري التطبيقي، وارتأت أهمية التعريف به ونشره لتوسيع دائرة الاستفادة منه على المستوى المحلي بدولة الإمارات، وعلى مستوى الوطن العربي.
تم تخطيط فصول هذا الكتاب ليقدم صورة علمية لنظريات الإدارة العالمية مع التركيز على أطروحات علماء الإدارة التي درست بعمق بنيان المؤسسة ثقافيا واجتماعيا ونفسيا وإداريا، والنظر لها كعقل متجمع ومتوجه يحرك المؤسسة لاتجاهاتها المختلفة، وباعتبار أن المؤسسة هي كائن عاقل يمكن التفاهم معها والاستفادة من خصائصها وتطويعها للوصول لإتقان التعلم المؤسسي وتصنيع معارف جديدة وتطبيقها داخليا بشكل واسع.
ويتناول الباب الثاني من الكتاب تجربة هيئة الإمارات للهوية في مجال التعلم المؤسسي، والمبادرات التطبيقية التي استفادت منها الهيئة في تجربتها الناجحة في تنفيذ خططها الاستراتيجية، وكان الهدف من عرض تلك التطبيقات هو تقديم صورة شفافة للقارئ العربي لينتقل بخياله من الواقع النظري للواقع التطبيقي داخل الهيئة، وجاء الهدف الثاني لبيان أن الحلول التي تنتهجها أي مؤسسة لتعزيز قدراتها على التعلم ستأتي من داخل المؤسسة نفسها، ومن الأفكار والإبداعات الداخلية وأنه يممكن لأية مؤسسة جادة أن تطور ذاتيا طرقا خاصة تبرز وتظهر بها تعلمها وتمكنها الذاتي لإدارة التغيير بطريقتها وفقا لفهمها الذاتي لمنظومتها الفكرية العامة التي تشكل أداء وقدرات هذه المؤسسة.
ثم يختم الكتاب بتوصيات، هي مفاتيح لأبحاث جديدة في ميدان التعلم المؤسسي ليسهل للقارئ العادي والمتخصص على السواء فهم وضبط إيقاع حركة وسرعة وجودة عملية التعلم المؤسسي.
Towards a sustainable e-Participation implementation model ePractice.eu
Author: M. Sirajul Islam.
This paper proposes a framework for an effective e-Participation model that can be suitable under certain socio-economic settings and applicable to any country. Most of such previous initiatives were experimental in nature and lacked in both public awareness and clearly defined expected outcomes.
The BMC_DEISI is a composite index that aggregates a large number of published indicators reflecting various key factors of the information society and digital economy. Such factors should be exhaustive and hence capture different aspects such as inputs (drivers), enablers (regulation and business environment), outcomes and outputs (performance), and impacts.
The conceptual framework is composed of five sub-indices with their sub-pillars: Human Capital; ICT Readiness; Governance; ICT Adoption and Usage; and Economic & Social Impact. It includes 58 indicators, two of them are indices, to populate the 5 pillars and 10 sub-pillars.
The concept of local e-Government has become a key factor for delivering services in an efficient, cost
effective, transparent and convenient way, in circumstances where a) citizens do not have enough time
available to communicate with local authorities in order to perform their responsibilities and needs, and
b) information and communication technologies significantly facilitate administrative procedures and
citizens-government interaction. This paper aims to identify e-services that local authorities provide, and
to investigate their readiness for delivering these services. A pilot research has been conducted to identify
the offer of e-services by local authorities, along with e-readiness in municipalities of the Pelagonia
region in the Republic of Macedonia. The survey was carried out by means of structured interview
questions based on a modified model proposed by Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development – web
analysis of municipal websites in the region has been conducted, as well. The study reveals uneven
distribution according to the age group of users, lack of reliability and confidence for processing the needs
and requests electronically by a large part of the population, and improperly developed set of ICT tools by
local governments for providing a variety of services that can be fully processed electronically.
Adaption of E-Filling of Income Tax Returns in KurdistanAI Publications
The study aimed to examine factors influencing E-filling in Kurdistan region of Iraq. To measure the current study, the researchers used three factors (perception, awareness, and quality) as independent variables and E-filling as dependent variable. A quantitative technique applied in order to analyze the current study. Sample design refers to the procedure or method the researcher is willing to accept in choosing items for the sample. Research sample was selected using a procedure of random sampling and it was carried out in different banks. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed, however 109 participants properly filled out the questionnaires. The results of the study revealed that low levels of computer literacy have a substantial impact on the compliance levels of government organizations. The research determined that in the context of security, the danger of tax noncompliance did not have a major effect on the degree of compliance among the various Iraqi government institutions in the Kurdistan area. The extension or upgrade would be sure to assist in better understanding the determining factor for electronic filing acceptability. Moreover, government agencies, government policy makers, and system designers could also profit from a management policy such as policy makers and agencies. Because of this, the theory and discussion on the subject would provide factual support for the reasons behind why this technology was difficult to adopt. The results show that awareness influences E-as an influential factor significantly and positively E-filling at 5% level. The results show that quality influences E-as an influential factor significantly and positively E-filling at 5% level. The results show that E-filling E-as an influential factor influences significantly and positively E-filling at 5% level. Moreover, all beta value is higher than .001. All models have very high adjusted R2 (0.693, 0.621, 0.712, and 0.763 respectively) indicating the ability of the models explaining the variation of E-filling due to variation of independent variables is very high. The F-value shows that the explanatory variables are jointly statistically significant in the model and the Durbin-Watson (DW) statistics reveals that there is autocorrelation in the models.
This book is the fifth in a series. It represents a collection of published research articles in several international journals between 2013 and 2014. They cover topics related mainly to one of the most perilous fields of practice; namely: the advances and use of modern identity management systems for contemporary applications.
In principle, the articles provide critical insights of how the UAE government mainly, and GCC countries in broader sense, envisage and use modern identity management infrastructure, to lay down the building blocks of digital economy. Throughout the articles, identity management is contemplated as a source of growth, with the potential to support more productive and stronger national economies, to foster innovation, competitiveness and user participation, and to contribute effectively to the prosperity of societies as whole.
To allow better reading, articles included in this book were grouped into three categories: smart government, digital identity, and identity applications. They bring in various experimented practices and portray UAE government intentions to fabricate trusted and secure cross-border infrastructure to authenticate and validate electronic identities and for different applications.
Once again and as we emphasized in previous series, these articles are distinguished from those available studies in the existing body of knowledge conducted in the Middle East. Research studies in general are normally conducted by researchers who are very much interested in the academic rigor, rather than its practicality. Also very limited information is normally exposed and distributed about government projects which are by and large characterised to be classified, which makes existing research studies lack some fundamental understanding of issues that makes up the bigger picture.
The research work in this book was written by a senior government official and brings forward key critical insights from several strategic government initiatives, management frameworks, imperative thoughts, reflections, and fundamental lessons learned. This should allow management to deepen their understanding of such projects and practices and better manage the associated risks, and fuse their lines of attack in terms of how similar projects are approached, managed and implemented. In short, the intention of this work is to support the advancement of the researched fields and contribute towards global development of knowledge in order to make this world a better place to live in for everybody.
The influence of accounting software in minimizing business costsAI Publications
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have made significant contributions to the economic development of the country and the creation of new jobs. This results in the creation of revenue, the contribution of social activities, and the reduction of poverty. The progress of technology has a significant influence on people and places all over the world. The advancement of technology has an impact on all businesses, but it has a particularly significant impact on SMEs. The study collected empirical data from 71 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Erbil, and bivariate and factor analyses were utilized for the subsequent analysis. In the literature, the variables cost, business size, infrastructure, government backing, management support, external environment, and perceived ease of use have all been highlighted as being important considerations.
The topic of public-private partnerships has been received with great interest by governments, societies and research centers around the world. After it became clear that the process of economic and social development is based on mobilizing and gathering all the potentials of society, including the energies, resources and experiences of both the public and private sectors, to participate in the institutional organizations that deal with the establishment and operation of projects of various kinds after the institutional arrangements faced separate and independent sectoral challenges and difficulties. In achieving the goals of development levels is an ambitious goal. Therefore, developed countries seek to develop institutions, legislation and institutional systems to adopt participatory organizations in which all sectors of society contribute to directing, managing and operating projects and businesses, developing and developing them in order to serve their purposes on the basis of cooperative participation, good governance, transparent accountability and mutual benefit.
Performance Measurement System Effectiveness and PublicPrivate Partnership As...iosrjce
The paper assess whether government participation in public-private partnership has brought
improved service delivery and efficiency in governance. The operations of government like any other private
institutions require continuous evaluation in the form of performance measurement system for improvement,
satisfaction of customers, employees and stakeholders. Data was administered Lagos waste management
authority and public. The extent of efficiency in service delivery and governance; and the effectiveness of
performance measurement usage were measured using an index computed from questionnaire items. The data
was subjected to Mann-Whitney independent sample test. Significant differences were observed in the
assessment of staff and the public on public-private partnership service delivery efficiency. The public
confirmed that waste service delivery is efficient as it had yielded quality service and cleaner environment. The
study recommended therefore that for continued public confidence in governance, efficiency in service delivery
and the use of performance measurement techniques should not be undermined or sacrificed for political gains.
This can be facilitated through conscientious monitoring of the outsourced services.
Operational Challenges in the Application of Human Resource Information Syste...AI Publications
This study was conducted to assess the Operational Challenges in the Application of Human Resource Information Systems: An investigation in the select Brac Tanzania and CRDB Bank PLC Private Financial Institutions. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing user skills in the application of HRIS, assessing infrastructure challenges in the application of HRIS, and lastly assessing support and system maintenance challenges in application of HRIS. The study employed qualitative approach and explanatory research design in which primary data was obtained by using interview as well as documentary reviews. The findings show that most of the employees have basic information in relation to the use and application of HRIS, they also only have skills on how to operate small portion of the HRIS system such as updating their information in the system. There are infrastructure challenges in the application of HRIS such as buildings well designed to accommodate the system, and well trained personnel to operate the system. It was also revealed that system, support and maintenance helps in updating the system time to time. In order to accommodate new technologies there are system support and maintenance challenges such as cost of maintenance and cybersecurity. The study recommends employees and managers training in order to improve the user skills in relation to application of HRIS. The study also recommended that the HRIS system should be maintained with high level of security and privacy. Not only that but also the study recommends that HR manager should ensure that they stay updated about the changes in technology.
جاءت فكرة هذا الكتاب من واقع تجربة هيئة الإمارات للهوية بالتعلم المؤسسي التي تبنت هذا العلم الإداري التطبيقي، وارتأت أهمية التعريف به ونشره لتوسيع دائرة الاستفادة منه على المستوى المحلي بدولة الإمارات، وعلى مستوى الوطن العربي.
تم تخطيط فصول هذا الكتاب ليقدم صورة علمية لنظريات الإدارة العالمية مع التركيز على أطروحات علماء الإدارة التي درست بعمق بنيان المؤسسة ثقافيا واجتماعيا ونفسيا وإداريا، والنظر لها كعقل متجمع ومتوجه يحرك المؤسسة لاتجاهاتها المختلفة، وباعتبار أن المؤسسة هي كائن عاقل يمكن التفاهم معها والاستفادة من خصائصها وتطويعها للوصول لإتقان التعلم المؤسسي وتصنيع معارف جديدة وتطبيقها داخليا بشكل واسع.
ويتناول الباب الثاني من الكتاب تجربة هيئة الإمارات للهوية في مجال التعلم المؤسسي، والمبادرات التطبيقية التي استفادت منها الهيئة في تجربتها الناجحة في تنفيذ خططها الاستراتيجية، وكان الهدف من عرض تلك التطبيقات هو تقديم صورة شفافة للقارئ العربي لينتقل بخياله من الواقع النظري للواقع التطبيقي داخل الهيئة، وجاء الهدف الثاني لبيان أن الحلول التي تنتهجها أي مؤسسة لتعزيز قدراتها على التعلم ستأتي من داخل المؤسسة نفسها، ومن الأفكار والإبداعات الداخلية وأنه يممكن لأية مؤسسة جادة أن تطور ذاتيا طرقا خاصة تبرز وتظهر بها تعلمها وتمكنها الذاتي لإدارة التغيير بطريقتها وفقا لفهمها الذاتي لمنظومتها الفكرية العامة التي تشكل أداء وقدرات هذه المؤسسة.
ثم يختم الكتاب بتوصيات، هي مفاتيح لأبحاث جديدة في ميدان التعلم المؤسسي ليسهل للقارئ العادي والمتخصص على السواء فهم وضبط إيقاع حركة وسرعة وجودة عملية التعلم المؤسسي.
عرض إلكتروني مقدم في اجتماع الجمعية العمومية التأسيسية للاتحاد العربي للتجارة الإلكترونية | مجلس الوحدة الاقتصادية العربية 3 مايو 2016 | جامعة الدول العربية | القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية
The presentation focuses on key themes related to Organisational Learning. We use some facts about Crocodiles in our storyboard to illustrate fundamental elements that need to be heeded by practitioners. We argue that if we use Crocodile's style of learning in our institutions, we will have better chances to succeed in setting up sustainable learning organisations.
Despite the immeasurable investment in e-government initiatives throughout the world, such initiatives have yet to succeed in fully meeting expectations and desired outcomes. A key objective of this research article is to support the government of the UAE in realizing its vision of e-government transformation. It presents an innovative framework to support e-government implementation, which was developed from a practitioner's perspective and based on learnings from numerous e-government practices around the globe. The framework presents an approach to guide governments worldwide, and UAE in particular, to develop a top down strategy and leverage technology in order realize its long term goal of e-government transformation. The study also outlines the potential role of modern national identity schemes in enabling the transformation of traditional identities into digital identities. The work presented in this study is envisaged to help bridge the gap between policy makers and implementers, by providing greater clarity and reducing misalignment on key elements of e-government transformation. In the hands of leaders that have a strong will to invest in e-government transformation, the work presented in this study is envisaged to become a powerful tool to communicate and coordinate initiatives, and provide a clear visualization of an integrated approach to e-government transformation.
Electronic government (e-government) has been attracting the attention of the world for the past two decades, and specifically, upon the advent of the internet. Governments worldwide have spent billions of dollars to date to transform themselves into e-government. However, their efforts and large investments resulted mainly in online portals and scattered electronic services. Various studies indicate that e-government initiatives are failing to meet citizens' expectations for convenient service delivery systems. Nonetheless, the rapid pace at which technology is innovatively evolving and its disruptive nature is forcing new realities to be accepted in e-government domain. The new forms of mobility made possible by the transforming technologies are not only changing how people live their lives today, but also redefining business models, employee productivity, customer relationship, and even how governments are structured. The growing usage of smartphones and tablets have significant impact on all industries, but at large how government services are delivered. This study attempts to provide some qualitative input to the existing body of knowledge. It sheds light on some trends that have high impact to disrupt existing technological-based channels of interaction between governments and citizens, and ultimately on service delivery. It also sheds light on the role of modern identity management infrastructure in enabling higher levels of trust and confidence in mobile transactions.
This article provides an overview of current international e-Government practices and the role of the national identity management infrastructure program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in supporting e-Government development. It describes the benefits of e-Government that various governments worldwide have identified, sheds light on some recent surveys on the delivery of e-Government by some countries, highlights some examples and puts the position of the United Arab Emirates into context. It then discusses the program's use of Identity Management in the strategic initiatives, explains their purpose in the facilitation of e-Government within the United Arab Emirates and describes a general roadmap for implementation.
Identity and trust are two important elements that surround any service-providing system. They become more critical when such systems operate in distributed environments and deal with sensitive details. This paper explains how a government-trusted digital infrastructure would address both identification and trust requirements and would support the development of citizen-centric government services. The main contribution of the paper is the presentation of a framework adopted by the government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) that provides a systematic approach to creating a robust information-sharing system within a secure environment. A model is also presented to explain how synergy among institutions is planned to be achieved and how online users would access web-based government services with a single login using a universal smart identity card.
Successful factors determining the significant relationship between e-governa...riyaniaes
Every government's major objective is to provide the greatest services in order to establish efficiency and quality of performance. Syria's government has understood how critical it is to go in the direction of information technology. However, there are gaps and poor links across government sectors, which has tainted the image of Syrian e-governance. As a result, one of the main aims of this study is to figure out what factors impact Syrians' acceptance of the e-government system. A total of 600 questionnaires were delivered to Syrian individuals as part of a survey. The data was analysed using the structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS version 21.0. User intention to utilise an e-government system was shown to be influenced by performance expectations, effort expectations, system flexibility, citizens-centricity, and facilitating conditions. Assurance, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, and empathy are five fundamental factors that have a major impact on government operation excellence. Behavioural Intention is being utilised as a mediator between the government operation excellence (GOE) initiative and the e-government platform.
This article provides an overview of eGovernment and its role in revolutionising existing governmental systems. It argues that in order for eGovernment initiatives to truly succeed, we need to develop public trust and confidence to promote diffusion and participation. The article relates this to the recently announced UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2011-2013. The framework attempts to promote the electronic transformation of all government services within a period of three years. An important component of the strategic framework in question is the use of the existing national identity management infrastructure and the development of a government-owned federated identity management system to support Government-to-Citizen (G2C) eGovernment transactions and promote trust and confidence on the Internet.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
يسلط الكتاب الضوء على دور اقتصاد البيانات في دعم الأنظمة الاقتصادية الوطنية، وإرشاد القرارات والسياسات في مختلف القطاعات. ويقدم مجموعة من التوصيات لتطوير السياسات التنظيمية والبنى التحتية ودعم الابتكار وتشجيع نمو القطاع الخاص وريادة الأعمال.
يسلط الكتاب الضوء على أهم أبعاد التحول الرقمي الحكومي، ويقدم أطر ومفاهيم عامة لتصميم وتطوير المنظومات الخدماتية القائمة على إنشاء القيمة وتحقيق النمو الاجتماعي والاقتصادي
يتناول الكتاب المتغيرات التي فرضتها التكنولوجيات الحديثة على المفاهيم المرتبطة بالنقد، ودور العملات الرقمية في تشكيل مستقبل الأسواق العالمية.
ويتطرق أيضاً إلى التحولات الكبيرة في الاقتصاد العالمي الجديد، ودور العملة في الاقتصاد، والمشكلات التي تواجه العملات بشكل عام والورقية على الأخص، والمدفوعات والعملات الإلكترونية، ومفهوم العملات الرقمية الحكومية والتجارية والافتراضية والمشفرة والمستقرة، هذا بالإضافة إلى مميزات العملات المشفرة ومخاطرها، والقيم المتذبذبة للعملات التجارية، والترويج الذي يتم لها.
كما يستعرض الكتاب التجارب الدولية للعملات الرقمية، والتجارب العربية في هذا المجال، والمواقف الحكومية من العملات المشفرة، وعملة الـفيسبوك، ومستقبل العملات الرقمية والمدفوعات الرقمية، هذا بالإضافة إلى دور تكنولوجيا البلوك تشين في تأمين المعاملات المالية.
ويضع الكتاب النموذج المتوقع لعمل العملات الرقمية الحكومية، وذلك من خلال التطرق إلى 9 خصائص رئيسية مطلوبة لأي منظومة عملة ناجحة من العملات الرقمية، وكذلك 8 مكونات أساسية لنموذج عمل العملات الرقمية الحكومية، مع شرح آلية عمل النموذج.
ومن بين أهم التوصيات التي أوصى بها الكتاب هو ضرورة أن يتوحد العالم العربي لدراسة وتأسيس عملة رقمية وفق منهج علمي مدروس وجماعي، تكون الأولوية الحاكمة فيه هي التوافق والتكامل.
يشير الكتاب على أن التنمية الفكرية في بناء المؤسسات تمثل إحدى أهم الأبعاد المحورية نحو المجتمعات والاقتصادات المستدامة، ويبين أن وصول المؤسسات للقمة والتميز يتطلب منها تكوين فهم دقيق للقيمة المضافة التي تنشئها المؤسسة قبل بحث الكيفية والوسيلة، وأن القدرة على الابتكار والتغيير والتحديث هي السمات التي يمكن من خلالها أن تسهم في توفير قوة دافعة للمؤسسة للتميز والاستدامة.
ويتناول الكتيب عدة محاور ضرورية من شأنها أن تعزز من إسهامات القيادات الشابة في مؤسساتهم، والتي جاء في مقدمتها: مفهوم القمة في العمل المؤسسي، ومجالات وصول المؤسسات للقمة، وأدوات الوصول للقمة والمحافظة عليها؛ وشرح لمفاهيم الإدارة المتميزة، وأساسيات إدارة الموارد البشرية، ومدى الاستفادة من التكنولوجيا، وما يحمله المستقبل من تطورات في مجالات جديدة بالثورة الصناعية الرابعة، وطريقة الوصول للقمة، وكذلك استمرارية البقاء على القمة التي تستدعي التعلم بشكل مستمر، وكيفية استدامة التميز المعتمدة على المنهج المتكامل القابل لتحديد نفسه بصفة دائمة.
يتطرق الكتاب إلى بعض المعطيات التي أصبحت تدفع نحو تحولات كبيرة في النظام الاقتصادي العالمي، ويتناول توقعات المؤسسات الدولية لأداء الاقتصاد العالمي.
كما يضع الكتاب عدد من السمات المفترضة للنظام الاقتصادي الجديد خلال فترة ما بعد (كوفيد 19).
يتناول الكتاب الصادر من مجلس الوحدة الاقتصادية العربية بجامعة الدول العربية بعنوان “الاقتصاد الرقمي ودوره في تعزيز الأمن الوطني”، الفرص التي يمتلكها الاقتصاد الرقمي ويدعو للتركيز على الاقتصاد الرقمي كعنصر تنموي استراتيجي لتطوير مقومات الأمن الاقتصادي.
The study highlights the effects of the revolutions and unrest in Arab countries with an attempt to provide an overview of Arab present and its prospects. It primarily recommends the adoption and employment of advanced technologies in reconstruction efforts and supporting the development of resilient and sustainable economies.
The book is designed to promote understanding of conflicts in organisations, and establish how they can be handled effectively, and make them work as opportunities for improvement and constructive change.
دراسة موجزة لمجلس الوحدة الاقتصادية العربية بجامعة الدول العربية حول آثار أزمة جائحة كورونا على الدول العربية وتقدم توصيات لمتخذي القرار وراسمي السياسات للتعامل مع تداعيات الأزمة.
The book pinpoints that the digital future is exposed to the danger of chaotic, unregulated growth, which constitutes a challenge for countries that still operate according to traditional economic models, and that public thinking in the Arab region in facing challenges still follows the "reaction methodology" and temporary solutions with short-term prospects, and that this is confirmed by the current international indicators of its competitiveness. The book proposes that in order to address this, visions and efforts should be based on strategies driven by scientific methods, and with it the Arab countries must develop a clear understanding of the main challenges before jumping to seize opportunities.
The book shows that it is fundamental for policymakers and decision-makers to have precise and accurate understanding of the intricate details in digital transformation initiatives and the role that modern technologies can play in changing the rules and systems of current practices, and in how to develop digitized, more innovative business models with which to build resilient and sustainable social economies and systems.
The book also draws on the current data and indicators of the global economy and that they are pushing to form a worrying picture of weaknesses in Arab countries, which in turn may threaten the stability of the entire region, especially with regard to the "cognitive decline" and “increasing unemployment rates” and “poor economic performance"; and that these challenges call for dealing with it as key strategic indicators that require urgent action plans; with emphasis that these plans need to be designed to reflect different ways of thinking and adapted to the nature of the requirements and challenges of the 21st century and treat them as forces and positive factors.
The book highlights the importance of accelerating the implementation of a set of initial reform projects to encourage the development of more dynamic and developed digital business environments in the Arab region, in parallel with the development of educational systems and healthcare, and strengthening agricultural capabilities to achieve food security targets, and focus on economies based on industry and production, and promoting the development of Arab digital platforms to support e-commerce practices.
يتطرق الكتاب إلى تحليل الوضع الراهن لمشاريع التحول الرقمي في الحكومات العربية، والمراحل الأربعة للتحول في المنظومة الحكومية، وأهم العوائق والتحديات التي تعطل مسيرة التطور والتقدم ويقدم الكتاب بعض الحلول الموجزة والمقترحة في هذا السياق.
ويوضح الكتاب بأن مفاهيم الصناعة باتت تدفع بتطبيقات ممكّنة للآلات للتواصل فيما بينها من خلال الشبكات الإلكترونية واتخاذ القرارات اللامركزية بمستويات تفوق القدرات البشرية. كما أن ذلك أصبح يدفع أيضاً إلى ظهور نماذج عمل للمؤسسات أشبه بـ «المصانع الذكية» تتميز بقدراتها الآلية على التطوير الذاتي والتعامل مع المتغيرات والتعلم المستدام، والقدرة على تطوير المنظومات الخدمية والإنتاجية بمستويات كفاءة وفاعلية ومستويات أداء غير مسبوقة؛ وأن المؤسسات في المنطقة العربية لم يعد أمامها خيار سوى الاستمرار ومواكبة التقدم في تنفيذ مشاريع التحول الرقمي.
وجدير بالذكر أن المنطقة العربية وكثير من دول العالم شهدت في العقدين الماضيين آلاف المبادرات والمشاريع في مجال التحول الرقمي، مستهدفة دعم قدراتها كحكومة مسئولة عن صناعة العديد من القرارات وتقديم الخدمات، وانطلاقاً من رؤية القيادات في هذه الدول لتحويل الخدمات الحكومية إلى خدمات إلكترونية وذكية.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
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Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
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This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
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Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
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- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
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However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
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Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Connected Government: An Exploration of the UAE's Identity Management Integration Strategy
1. Business and Management Horizons
ISSN 2326-0297
2013, Vol. 1, No. 1
www.macrothink.org/bmh74
Connected Government: An Exploration of the UAE's
Identity Management Integration Strategy
Ali M. Al-Khouri
Emirates Identity Authority, Abu Dhabi, UAE
E-mail: ali.alkhouri@emiratesid.ae
Received: March 5, 2013 Accepted: March 27, 2013 Published: April 1, 2013
doi:10.5296/ bmh.v1i1.3463 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ bmh.v1i1.3463
Abstract
The subject of connected government is coming once again to the forefront of national
development priorities around the world. This stems from the need to address various local
and global necessities in light of the changing landscape of the new digital world we live in
today. In a connected government context, public service agencies are needed to act as a
single enterprise so that citizens feel they are being served by one organization rather than a
number of different public authorities. Identity management is considered here a fundamental
pillar to enable such operating models and support single sign-on (SSO) and online identity
validation capabilities for e-government and e-commerce environments. This article explores
and describes the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government integration strategy with relation
to keeping its national identity management infrastructure (population register) updated as
life events take place. The integration strategy also aims to support federal and local
government entities to verify citizen and resident information using their own applications in
a secure, reliable, and integrated manner. Another expected contribution of the integration
platform is to support decision-making and strategic planning dimensions of government
work.
Keywords: identity management, identity lifecycle, connected government, e-government
2. Business and Management Horizons
ISSN 2326-0297
2013, Vol. 1, No. 1
www.macrothink.org/bmh75
1. Introduction
In a world characterized by rapid change driven by globalization, governments around the
world are under extreme pressure to renovate their operating models and provide quality
e-government services with secure interconnected systems and applications (Dunleavy et al.,
2008; OECD, 2011; Saha, 2012). Despite the enormous number of strategic projects and
gigantic investments, governments around the world have been facing challenging times to
achieve interconnection between their “silo living” backend systems (Backman, 2009;
Bertucc, 2008; Kubicek et al., 2011; O'Brien, 2012). Governments’ attention have been
shifting lately toward a “whole-of-government” approach that focuses on the provision of
services at the front end supported by integration, consolidation, and innovation in back-end
processes and systems to achieve maximum cost savings and improved service delivery
(UNPAN, 2008).
In the past ten years or so, many governments have launched modern identity management
programs in an attempt to address a number of national priorities (Al-Khouri, 2012a). Among
these are objectives related to building an infrastructure to support the authentication of
online users. These programs are also based on a strong belief that a robust and secure
government-owned identity management system is crucial in addressing many of today's
needs and challenges. This is to say that such identity management systems can be designed
and architected to develop digital identities and online identity validation capabilities to
support e-government and e-commerce environments (Al-Khouri, 2012b).
However, the primary focuses of these programs, from our reading and knowledge in the
field, have been on the enrolment of the population and the issuance of smart identity cards
but without sufficient attention to the overall management of the identity lifecycle. This is to
say that, once a person is enrolled, his or her personal data may change, e.g., legal residency
status, education, marital status, etc. Such updates are considered critical in such programs to
fulfilling their mandate of being the primary reference for personal data.
One of the internationally recognized countries for its innovative and state-of-the-art identity
management programs that have recently drafted a strategy to address this particular need is
the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Having completed the enrolment of the population, the
UAE government has recognized that it is imperative to maintain an up-to-date national
population register. To achieve this strategic objective, the government has conducted a
detailed analysis of how citizen and resident information can be updated instantaneously as
life events take place. This article aims to outline the UAE's government integration strategy
to enable a connected government concept and to support its federal e-government strategy.
The explored integration strategy is, in principle, related to identity life cycle management.
The article is structured as follows. In section 2, we shed light on some of the global trends
with regard to identity management and enterprise integration, as well as some key
challenges faced by governments in this field of practice. In section 3, we provide
information about the UAE national identity management infrastructure and the government’s
need to architect an enterprise integration strategy to keep the population register up to date.
In section 4, we provide an overview of the UAE integration strategy, objectives, and
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priorities. In section 5, we describe the integration framework adopted by the UAE
government and briefly describe the integration models, services, architecture, and
governance aspects. We also address a high-level plan and the phases of the on-boarding of
government entities, and we outline key projects and initiatives and the roadmap set for the
implementation of the integration strategy. In section 6, we present some key success factors
identified by the government to ensure a successful implementation, and we conclude the
article in Section 7 with some perspectives.
2. Global Trends of Identity Management and Enterprise Integration
Governments around the world have been very much attracted to national identity programs
(Al-Khouri, 2012a; Al-Khouri, 2012c). These programs are globally justified on the basis of
building identity management systems to achieve two primary objectives: to support national
security and improve access to services. Many countries have initiated smart identity card
programs in the last decade, with the total value of those projects exceeding $24 billion.
Further, more than 15 countries are in the process of upgrading their current identity cards to
biometric-based systems.
Around the world, governments are struggling to maintain an up-to-date national population
register to provide the different government entities with accurate information on citizens and
residents. Typically, a citizen or resident will require multiple identification and supporting
documents to access government-provided services. According to a recent United Nations
report, even in highly ranked countries, the population and the governments are still in the
process of understanding the role of national identity cards and how they can leverage such a
valued asset in simplifying the lives of both the public and government entities in uniquely
identifying a person and maintaining an up-to-date snapshot of information (UNPAP, 2012).
For example, in Sweden, government entities rely on bank-issued identification cards to
register and apply for government services. In the U.S.A. and the U.K., different forms of ID
are accepted, with the U.S.A. being more complicated given the different IDs issued at the
federal and state levels with minimal integration or interoperability between the government
departments. Korea and Singapore are the leading countries that have achieved a good level
of success in providing a single ID that is issued to every citizen and resident, providing them
with access to government services. Let us explore some common integration approaches in
the next sub-section.
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2.1 Enterprise Integration
Figure 1. Integration approaches
One of the key factors to establish successful identity management is the integration between
the different government entities and the entity responsible for managing identities (Bertino
and Takahashi, 2010; Chappell, 2004; Williamson et al., 2009; Windley, 2005). For many
years, integration has been handled at a system level where the primary focus is to identify
what data is needed and how to send it to another system, creating a point-to-point integration
pattern. As the number of systems grew, adding more point-to-point integration interfaces led
to complex implementations and maintenance of such interfaces, presenting government
entities with additional costs, limited flexibility in addressing new requirements, and other
risks (Gottschalk and Solli-Saether, 2009; Pollock and Hodgson, 2004).
The challenges mentioned earlier led to the introduction of hub-based and bus-based
integration patterns (Li et al., 2009; Watson and Ariyachandra, 2005). See also Figure 1. In
hub-based integration, government entities can connect to a central or federated hub to send
and receive data between them securely through re-usable messaging and integration
interfaces providing performance improvements and scalability.
Bus-based integration introduced the concept of decentralizing messaging between different
applications by sending and receiving data in a similar fashion to radio technology, where
government entities can connect and send information that can be received by one or many
government entities without the need to physically connect to the government entity
infrastructure. This provides the flexibility of sending a data set to multiple government
entities using a single message.
The aforementioned patterns facilitated the integration between government entities whose
focus was to send and receive specific data sets. With time, there has been a shift in emphasis
from systems and data integration to overall enterprise integration with an increased focus on
inter-enterprise operations, processes, and services, as depicted in Figure 2 (see also Ross et
al., 2006).
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Figure 2. Evolution in integration strategies
This shift from system integration to enterprise integration provided government entities with
the ability to link their integration needs with their overall strategic objectives by identifying
which services a government entity can provide or need and leverage enterprise integration as
a way to provide and consume these services (Daigneau, 2011; Wu, 2007).
Combining identity management and enterprise integration, global trends provide
government entities with the capability to provide integrated identity management solutions
that will facilitate up-to-date population registers and provide identity owners with the
capability to provide innovative ID-based services to other government entities and possibly
businesses.
2.2 Challenges Faced by Governments
With the global trends in mind, a number of lingering challenges still face governments in
achieving integrated identity management as follows:
Lack of a government entity responsible for maintaining a national population register;
Data privacy and confidentiality issues;
Lack of a clear vision and cooperation between competing government entities; and
Lack of a government-wide integration and interoperability framework
With the aforementioned challenges identified in addition to many other factors, such as the
recent economic downturn, many countries are facing a challenge to drive the notion of a
connected 24-hour government.
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3. The UAE National Identity Management Infrastructure
As a result of the rapid growth of the economy as well as the population over the past few
years in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the government has expressed strong
determination to enhance the performance of public departments and increase efficiency in a
bid to improve the coordination of and citizens’ access to public services.
Among the most strategic initiatives in the UAE is the national identity management
infrastructure development program launched in 2003. As part of the program, all citizens
and legal residents are issued unique identification numbers and smart cards that are linked
with their personal information and biometric details.
The smart identity card provides a single secure identification document. It is envisioned that
the new card will further assist in streamlining and simplifying government procedures and
enable the country’s citizens to use the new identity card as a travel document within the
GCC countries.
Figure 3. Identity profile
The smart identity card has the following characteristics:
One card type for nationals and residents with personal profile information;
All cards are PKI-enabled (digital certificate);
Biometric data on card with “match on card” feature;
Multiple security features (anti-fraud) built into the card; and
Multi-factor authentication mechanisms for identity verification.
The validity of an identity card for residents is linked to the period of the residency visa
permit; i.e., the expiry date as it appears on the card would be equal to the expiry date of the
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visa. To enhance the value and use of the new national identity card, the government is
working on using it with PKI-enabled services.
The UAE government recently announced a comprehensive Federal e-Government Strategy
to promote connecting the different government entities at the federal and local levels. It sets
a strategic objective of having a connected government serving the entire population, where
the new identity management infrastructure is envisioned to play a fundamental role.
By adopting cutting-edge and innovative technologies in this promising national program, the
government is keen to make it play an active and central role in supporting the development
initiatives of the country. Among the primary contributions of this program is the
development of a business intelligence system around population demographics to support
decision-making and strategic planning in the country. Another strategic objective aims to
develop and improve existing service delivery models through advanced identity
authentication capabilities and facilitating e-government and e-commerce.
3.1 The Need for Enterprise Integration
With the core identity management infrastructure in place and the UAE population fully
enrolled in the Population Register, the following challenges were identified in maintaining
an up-to-date and accurate national population register:
Keeping the ID card and the personal profile information updated per the life events in
the citizen/resident life cycle;
Managing the card life cycle in synchronization with the identity life cycle; and
Keeping the population register updated in near real time.
The primary reasons behind these challenges were seen to be twofold:
Clear identification of the sources of information, and
Lack of integration between the different government entities and the ID-issuing
authority.
Considering these challenges, the government commissioned a comprehensive study to
address these challenges, focusing on the development of an enterprise integration strategy
bringing together the different sources of information.
3.2 The State of Person Profile Information in the UAE
The UAE government has categorized the personal profile information into six key domains:
Core Identity: Citizens’ and residents’ core identity information, such as name,
residence and naturalization status, biometric data, digital certificates, and ID card numbers
Employment: Data providing information about current occupation and employment
status
Health: Life information, including birth details
Academic: Education details of schooling and higher education and related information
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Legal: Judicial information, including marital status
Based on the aforementioned key domains, it was essential to hold workshops with over 20
federal and government entities from the seven emirates to understand their role in
maintaining such information, the business processes in relation to the feasibility of adoption
of the national ID, and the technology used to maintain and store such information.
The outcome of this exercise was a detailed study in the integration of these government
entities for managing the personal profile information in the National Population Register
managed by the ID-issuing authority. The following diagram shows the mapping of the
person information to the federal and/or emirate government entities:
Figure 4. Data ownership among government entities
4. Integration Strategy Overview
With the results of the study highlighting the different data sources for person profile
information, the government has formulated a comprehensive approach to develop an
enterprise integration strategy and meet its strategic objectives.
The enterprise integration strategy was designed to be in complete alignment with the overall
identity-issuing authority's business strategy and objectives. The integration strategy
formulated the integration strategic objectives and outlined the priorities of the integration
components.
A comprehensive enterprise integration strategic framework was also developed to define the
key components to develop an agile and practical integration strategy that will have an
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overarching contributional impact on the identity-issuing authority's overall business strategy.
This integration strategy led to a set of initiatives covering the people, process, technology,
and on-boarding of government entities into the enterprise integration initiative. Each of the
initiatives was prioritized and used to define an enterprise integration roadmap that was
actionable and executable. The following diagram depicts the methodology adoption for the
integration strategy development.
Figure 5. Integration strategy development process
4.1 Integration Strategy Objectives and Priorities
The enterprise integration strategy was architected to achieve the strategic objective of
implementing an integrated and up-to-date secure national population register and deliver ID
management services to UAE federal and local government entities through a flexible and
adaptable service-oriented architecture.
The enterprise integration strategy was thus stated with the following objectives:
1) Provide a secure, scalable, and flexible business platform that supports the enterprise
integration of the national population register, ID validation, and federated identity services
based on the Emirates ID card and enterprise applications.
2) Provide proactive life events services enabling identified data owners to update and
propagate person profile changes to update the national population register.
3) Provide person profile data services to e-government programs across different
Emirates, authorized government entities, and authorized businesses.
4) Provide population register data replica services to authorized government entities and
security organizations; provide statistics data to Department of Statistics for population
statistics reports.
5) Provide effective Web-based dashboard and management capability for monitoring
and managing the business enterprise integration.
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To achieve the above objectives, the following priorities were identified:
Ensure that the enterprise integration strategy and roadmap defines end-to-end
architecture and solution implementation with minimal dependency and risks to achieve a
successful implementation.
Build an enterprise integration function that enables capability building for planning,
management, operations, and support of enterprise integration.
Consider leading enterprise integration patterns from leading vendors available in the
market to implement the complete enterprise integration that can be modular and scalable.
Leverage existing IT systems, IT infrastructure and security, and data center as well as
other existing systems from other stakeholders effectively.
Adopt an appropriate approach to implementing and operating the required enterprise
integration and its platform through qualified and experienced system integrators and solution
providers to deliver.
Based on these objectives, an integration framework has been designed and adopted to
achieve effective integration, which is discussed next.
5. Integration Framework
The framework for the enterprise integration strategy was based on the identity-issuing
authority's corporate business strategy and objectives as the main drivers with consideration
for enterprise integration best practices, enterprise integration technologies, and on-boarding
external and internal entities on the proposed integration platform. Also, the framework
ensured alignment with the internal ICT department initiatives and current environment. The
resulting enterprise integration strategic objectives and priorities were defined across a
number of enterprise integration strategic components, as shown in Figure 6 below.
Figure 6. Enterprise integration strategic components
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The enterprise integration strategic framework components were defined as follows:
Integration Models: Defines the multiple integration models to government entities to
access the services provided by the enterprise integration platform.
Integration Services: Defines the business services providing integration capabilities to
the national population register required to maintain an up-to-date national population
register and services where government entities and potentially business to access the register.
The technical services facilitate the platform and application services and the internal and
external integration at the identity-issuing authority.
Integration Architecture: Defines the required technology architecture including the
needed applications, integration, data, infrastructure, and security to fulfill enterprise
integration needs.
Integration Function: Defines the required enterprise integration organization and
structure to support the roll-out of the enterprise integration strategy.
Integration Roadmap: Defines the detailed roadmap to implement the enterprise
integration strategy covering the people, process, technology, and government on-boarding
initiatives.
Integration Security: Defines the security requirements for state-of-the-art security
measures covering integration services access and authorization, data encryption, and secure
transport.
Data & Integration Governance: Defines the service, data, and security governance
measures to support the enterprise integration unit and its function.
Integration Principles: Defines the general integration principles that are the rules and
guidelines for the integration, platform standards, change management, and others.
5.1 Integration Models
Various integration models needed to be supported by the integration platform to meet
possible business and functional requirements and to provide various options for external
entities to connect through the four distinct models of integration that were developed for the
implementation of the integration strategy. See Figure 7.
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Figure 7. The four integration models
5.2 Integration Services
The enterprise integration needed to be supported by a series of business integration services
that allow external entities to integrate with the national population register systems. The
business services taxonomy was organized into several service groups to provide integration
capabilities to the national population register. These services were mainly post-issuance
services, i.e., services that could be provided after a national ID number and ID card were
issued. Figure 8 below shows the various business integration services groups:
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Figure 8. Business integration service groups
5.3 Integration Architecture
To enable seamless, secure, and flexible integration within the internal environment and
between the external entities, a standards-based and an SOA-based enterprise integration
were seen as important to implement to enable the functionality of the integration platform. A
reference architecture was developed as depicted in Figure 9 below.
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Figure 9. Integration platform architecture
Each of the four reference architecture layers is described in Table 1.
Table 1. Reference architecture layers
Layer Description
Channels
This layer is the presentation layer of the enterprise integration. It allows
external entities to use the identity authority's services through various
channels such as Web services, file transfer (FTP), and remote access.
Business
Services
This layer provides the functionality for service modeling, service
orchestration, SOA governance, transformation, and remote access
(needed for special security operations) where all services provided to
government entities are defined and maintained
Platform
Services
This layer is the key enabler of SOA-based enterprise integration. It
provides messaging capabilities, integration services (adapters, APIs, etc.),
monitoring and management services, and data services (ODSs, DWs, and
DBs) to facilitate internal and external integration.
Applications &
Data Stores
This layer is not considered a part of the enterprise integration to be
implemented. This layer contains applications and data stores that will be
integrated with each other via the enterprise integration, as well as
facilitating external entities’ integration for the purpose of accessing the
population register.
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5.4 Integration Governance
The enterprise integration governance model was needed to ensure control over the life cycle
of services exposed through the platform and consumed by the different stakeholders.
Enterprise integration governance defines and enforces policies related to service contracts,
data quality, data and information privacy protection, authorized access to services,
non-repudiation, and logging. For the successful implementation and operation of enterprise
integration, these governance principles needed to be adhered to. The diagram below
illustrates the data and integration governance principles that needed to be defined and
enforced to control access to the enterprise integration platform.
Figure 10. Data and integration governance principles
5.5 On-Boarding of Government Entities
To ensure a structured deployment process, a comprehensive approach needed to be defined
that will clarify the process of on-boarding government entities and confirming their
readiness, service development, service testing, and launching of the integrated services. See
also Figure 11.
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Figure 11. High-level plan phases for on-boarding of government entities
5.6 Integration Strategy Key Projects and Initiatives
The successful implementation of the integration strategy required the project team to
undertake a number of initiatives/projects across four key domains: people, processes,
technology, and external entities. Below are the identified key enterprise integration
implementation initiatives/projects.
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Figure 12. Key enterprise integration initiatives/projects
Each of the above initiatives and projects has been defined, highlighting the needed resource
requirements, estimated duration, and interdependencies.
5.7 Integration Strategy Roadmap
With the enterprise integration strategy set to be executed over a three-year period, a
comprehensive enterprise integration implementation roadmap was crafted to execute the
defined initiatives/projects with the following key objectives to be achieved in each year:
Year 1: Evaluate and select the right technology vendor to implement the integration
platform and define the integration function requirements to support its implementation.
Year 2: Implement the necessary strategy initiatives to kick-start the integration platform
and on-boarding of government entities while setting up the necessary integration function to
support its implementation.
Year 3: Focus on adding more government entities as part of the integration strategy and
provide the necessary support to operate, maintain, and support the integration platform.
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Figure 13. Enterprise integration implementation roadmap
6. Key Success Factors
To achieve a successful implementation of the enterprise integration strategy, the government
identified the following key success factors that needed to be dealt with vigilantly:
Promotion of the integration strategy to UAE federal and local government entities
through the adoption of a well-defined communication plan and awareness campaigns.
Adoption of the new smart ID card by government entities/citizens/residents by
requiring the presentation of an ID card when requesting services.
Adoption of an ID number as part of person profile by data owners would support and
enable integration between the identity-issuing authority and the government entities.
Provide comprehensive services to UAE federal and local government entities.
Ensure secure access to the national population register to promote confidence and
adhere to data privacy and confidentiality best practices.
Robust integration on-boarding approach and dedicated on-boarding team to help
and support government entities in integrating with the national identity management system.
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7. Summary and Discussion
A national identity management program is characterized by the scope of the identity profile
of an individual. One of the key factors to establish a successful identity management
infrastructure is the level of integration between the different government entities (e.g., data
owners) and the entity responsible for managing identities (e.g., Identity Authority).
In the case of the UAE, the early work of integration was handled at a system level where the
primary focus was on identifying what data is needed for creating the identity profile. The
integration focus at the time primarily dealt with how to collect information from a single
system (i.e., the Ministry of Interior). The integration was more of a point-to-point integration
pattern between the Interior and the Identity Authority.
Over the past years and prior to setting up the new integration strategy in the UAE, the
number of systems that needed to be connected with (i.e., data owners), has grown
exponentially, and thereby adding more point-to-point integration interface requirements.
This has led to complex integration implementations. On the other hand, the maintenance of
such interfaces presented the identity authority with additional costs, limited flexibility in
addressing new requirements and related risks. This in turn led the UAE to study different
topologies of integration such as hub-based integration and bus-based integration.
As explained earlier in section 2, in hub-based integration, government entities can connect to
a central or federated hub. This connectivity enables stakeholders to send and receive data
securely through re-usable messaging and integration interfaces to a centralized data hub. On
the other hand, bus-based integration introduced the concept of decentralized messaging
between different applications by sending and receiving data akin to a television broadcast.
This respects the fact that different stakeholders have their own databases and services, but
need to share data in delivering their services effectively.
The UAE integration strategy recognized that integration is the key to not just providing an
identity to an individual but also to create a complete identity profile and more importantly
manage this identity profile for its currency. It is in this context that a new integration
strategy has been drawn up.
The primary consideration of the UAE integration strategy is that different stakeholders (e.g.,
government entities) can connect and send information that can be received by one or many
government entities without the need to physically connect to the individual infrastructure of
the government entity. This is envisaged to provide a level of flexibility for sending data sets
to multiple government entities using a single message similar to a broadcast, albeit securely.
This is the basis of the UAE’s new integration strategy.
It is also recognized in the UAE that the identity profile created in the national population
register spans the life-events of an individual and that life-events need to be updated in real
time in the population register. Accordingly, the program has identified different sources (i.e.,
data owners) that contribute to the personal profile (e.g., Ministry of Interior, Ministry of
Justice, Ministry of Education, to name a few). The new integration strategy envisages going
beyond point-to-point connectivity by providing business process integration in addition to
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the technical integration with respect to data update.
The UAE integration strategy implementation is based on integrating systems for updating
the population register in real-time as per the occurrence of the life-events. In the first phase
of integration, there will be integration at systems level for updating the population register in
real-time as life-events occur. In the second phase of the implementation, the infrastructure
will provide the required business process integration to ensure the validation of the data
updates coming from the identified sources of information (data owners). This will bring in
the much required data governance needs and the business rules for validating the automatic
data update in the national population register.
The third phase of the integration strategy implementation envisages the data subscription
and data sharing services on account of an up to date population register. This will ensure that
the nation as a whole is served by the current population register and will enable efficient
delivery of services to the citizens from the government, securing in the knowledge that the
service is being delivered to the individual who he or she claims he or she is.
8. Conclusion
This article has attempted to provide some practical insights into a government integration
strategy design and architecture that aims to improve identity life cycle management. The
explored initiative is believed by the UAE government to propel the country to a leading
position in providing integrated identity management solution and support its strategic 2021
vision of being among the top ten countries in the world. The innovative integration strategy
outlined in this article is also envisioned to enable the UAE federal government and local
Emirates’ strategy to achieve their objective of being a 24-hour connected government. This
is likely to contribute to the UAE’s prosperity and economy, providing effective, efficient,
and secure government services to its citizens and residents.
A key contribution of this article is that it explores and describes the strategy from within a
government setting. In light of the lack of existing research to cover this topic until now, we
hope that the presented work supports the fields of both research and practice. The single case
and the qualitative nature of this study are considered an obvious limitation. Therefore, more
quantitative research that sheds light on wider implementations is seen as an opportunity for
further research and exploration of the practices to provide a more holistic picture of the
given subject.
Finally, the rapid technological advancements will put more pressure in the days to come on
governments to adapt and become connected governments. This will raise the bar in the
public sector to reduce costs, improve relationships, become more efficient and effective, and,
most importantly, user-centric (see, for example, Noveck, 2009; OECD, 2009; Shareef et al.,
2012). Similar to the private sector, governments will have hard times ahead as they will seek
ruthlessly to strengthen their international competitive advantage and cope with the new
digital world order.
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