The document discusses three East Asian religions - Confucianism, Daoism, and Shintoism. It provides background information on each religion's origins, key figures, sacred texts, concepts, and beliefs. The document also examines similarities between the religions, such as a shared emphasis on harmony between heaven and earth.

1. DAOIC
RELIGIONS
- Confucianism
- Daoism
-Shintoism

3. CONFUCIANISM

4. ESSENTIAL QUESTION
1. WHAT ROLE DOES VIRTUE PLAY IN ACHIEVING
HARMONY IN SOCIETY?
2. WHY IS HIERARCHY IN RELATIONSHIPS IMPORTANT
IN ESTABLISHING SOCIAL ORDER?
3. WHY IS CONFUCIANISM CONSIDERED BOTH AS A
PHILOSOPHY AND AS RELIGION?

5. There has always been a debate whether
Confucianism should be regarded as a religion or
a philosophy.
Why is Confucianism considered as Philosophy?

6. •Kung Fuzi interpreted and revive the ancient
religion of Zhou dynasty.
•He emphasizes ethical dimension in the
world, that gives primary attention to human
relationship, thus advocating social values.
•Kung Fuzi as a humanist advancing practical
and ethical wisdom.

7. Why is Confucianism considered
as a Religion?
It is considered as a Religion because its deals
were inspirational, not in the supernatural sense
but in the sense of aiming for excellence in one’s
relationships with others.

8. REMEMBER
– Why is Confucianism considered more as a philosophy instead of a
religion?
a. Confucius only believed in one God
b. Confucius never wrote any of his ideas down for his followers
c. No religion is allowed by the Chinese government today
d. His teaching are more about ethics and behavior than about religious
ideas.

9. “What happens in everyday life should
not be trivialized but should be
considered as the realm of moral and
spiritual fulfillment.” -Confucius

10. Relationships should be emphasized, for
it is often taken for granted that these
relationships which we encounter
everyday should be the easiest to perfect,
but in reality they are the hardest to
attain.

11. Confucius stressed the importance of
rituals which would lead them back to
the ideal society of their ancestors when
there was harmony between heaven and
earth.

12. How many followers does Confucianism
have?
More or less 300 Million

13. What do you call the adherents or the
followers of Confucianism?
Confucians or Confucianists

14. What do you call
this symbol? And
what does it
symbolizes?
“Ru” means
Confucianism

15. Nourishment +
Education= The
need of a human
being
Person, as well as
the character for
need or desire.

16. WATER= source of
life
What does it
symbolizes?

17. HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

19. –Where does proliferation of Chinese
classical thought happened?
–ZHOU DYNASTY
–What is the second historical dynasty?
–CHINA

20. Remember!
–Confucianism is founded in CHINA

21. –Enumerate the results of the
proliferation in China.
–Technological and economic
advancement, stronger political units,
political and social improvement,
military development.

22. –Enumerate the results of the proliferation in
China.
–Technological and economic advancement,
stronger political units, political and social
improvement, military development.
–The Zhou Period was divided into two:
–Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou

23. –What happened during the Eastern
Zhou?
–Eastern Zhou was subdivided into the
Spring, Autumn and Warring Period.
–Great Economic growth, social
change, and political development.

24. –Enumerate the developments during the Zhou
Dynasty.
–Trading development that resulted to increase in
wealth.
–Iron became common in China
–Bronze as material for weapons
–Agricultural tools such as ox-drawn plow that
lead to agricultural revolution.

25. –Since there is a rapid growth in trade as a
consequence, a new class of wealthy merchants
emerged.
–They came up with the theory that society is
composed of four:
–Warrior-administrator, Peasants, Artisans, and
the merchants.

26. Development of stronger Political units.
–Enumerate the Four Vassal states that competed
against each other for political supremacy.
–Qin= west; Jin=north; Yan=northeast; Qi=east==
Warring State in Chinese History
–What are the things that contributed to the new
found power of the vassal states?
–Chariots, iron weapons and the use of cavalry.

27. –What is the dilemma that China faced?
–The failure of old authority made it necessary
for new guiding values to restore social order.
–Confucius was one of the philosophers who has
been classified as practical politicians. They
went to different states to offer their services
whenever needed.

28. –What is the dynasty that establish the first empire
of China? Where the name china come from?
–The Qin Dynasty; Ch’in the first to create an
imperial Chinese identity.

29. THE LIFE OF
CONFUCIUS
video

30. CONFUCIUS
– What is the Latinized name of Confucius that means
“Master Kong”
– Kongzi and Honorific Kong Fuzi
– When and Where does he born?
– September 28 on 551 B.C.E at Lu (now Shantung
Province) in Qufu
– What is his Personal Name?
– Qiu Kong

31. CONFUCIUS
– Who was his first teacher?
– His Mother Yan Zhengai
– At the age of 15 he set his heart in
learning.
– At what age did he married and had a
son?
– 19- married and 20- had a son

32. CONFUCIUS
– What did Confucius started to do at the age of 30?
– He started a brilliant teaching career because of his
mastery of the arts or ritual, music, archery,
charioteering, calligraphy and arithmetic. He is also
familiar with poetry and history.
– What are the different government positions he
obtained?
– Arbiter, assistant minister of public works, and
minister of justice in the state of Lu.

33. CONFUCIUS
– What is the reason why Confucius left Lu for 13
years?
– Because he is frustrated that his ideals and
policies were brushed off by his superiors.
– At what age did Confucius died?
– He died 479 B.C.E at the age of 73 and left 3,000
followers to who preserved and put his other
teachings to writing.

34. SACRED SCRIPTURES:
THE CONFUCIAN
CLASSICS

35. THE FIVE CLASSICS
– Early Confucianism’s basic texts.
1. Book of Changes
2. Book of History
3. Book of Poetry
4. Classic of Rites
5. Spring and Autumn Annals
= Analects- important source of Confucian teachings since
it contains a record of his conversation with his desciples.

36. THE FIVE CLASSICS
- Confucius is the author or editor of the
Classics
- The classics were burned during the reign of
the Qin Dynasty and restored during Han
Dynasty.

38. BOOK OF CHANGES
– I-Ching
– Existed at the time of Confucius
– Oldest of the Classics
– Focuses on short predictions following a type of
divination called cleromacy.
– 6 random numbers are

40. BOOK OF HISTORY/DOCUMENTS
OR SHANGSHU
– Composed of:
a. Speeches or prose of royalty and ministers from
Shang and Zhou dynasties.
b. Chronological accounts of imperial achievements
and rules of government.

41. – Oldest existing compilation
of Chinese Poetry

43. THE ANALECTS
Sayings of Confucius

44. The Analects
– A collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the
Chinese philosopher Confucius.
– Written during the Warring States Period and
finalized during the Han dynasty.
– Became an influential canonical resource in
Chinese and East Asian philosophy.

45. CONFUCIAN
DOCTRINES/BELIEFS

46. BELIEFS/DOCTRINES
–THE GOLDEN RULE
–“ Do not do unto others what you would not
have them do unto you.”
–Teaches the ethics of mutuality and
reciprocity.

47. BELIEF IN TIAN
– Heaven;Human nature
– “When you have offended against Heaven, there is nowhere you can turn to
in you prayers.” (Analects 3.13)
– The term ‘heaven’ does not imply any existence of gods or deities.
Traditional Confucianism promotes secularism and therefore there are no
worship of gods.
– Heaven= Moral correctness
– If you act according to what the Tian guides you to do, you will gain success.
On the other hand, if you act in contrary to Tian, you will definitely fail. There
is no room for you to pray and beg for mercy.

48. Rectification of Names
– According to Confucius, in order to return to the ancient Dao (Path), people
must play their assigned roles in society called Rectification of Names or
zhengming.
1. Ruler-subject
2. Father-son
3. Husband-wife
4. Elder and younger brother
5. Friend and friend

49. Rectification of Names
–Emphasize the upright sense of
hierarchy.
–Zhengming helps bring social order
–Creates Social Harmony

50. REMEMBER
–The evidence that a person is a follower of
Confucianism is that He/she believes that education
is one way in achieving social harmony.
–One of the main teachings of Confucianism was The
five basic relationships

51. REMEMBER
–Which of the following is not a Confucian doctrines
or beliefs?
a. Belief in Tian b. Rectification of Name
c. The Five constant d. The Dao

52. Human Nature as Originally
Good or Evil
– Mengzi and Xunzi (Hsun tzu)- Their views on human nature is naturally disposed
toward ren, or virtue of the superior man.
– Mengzi believed that all human beings are born with innate goodness which, on one
hand can be cultivated through proper education & self-discipline or be thrown away
through neglect and bad influence.
– It needs cultivation through Li ritual propriety as well obedience to one’s qi (Vital
energy).
– Xunzi – Believed that human nature is basically evil but can be improved through
self-cultivation. He also considered Li as a key to cultivation of human nature.

53. THE FIVE
CONSTANTS
THE FIVE CLASSICAL VIRTUES/
WUCHANG

54. THE FIVE CONSTANTS
– Five most important Confucian ethics mentioned in the Analects
and the Book of Mencius.
1. Ren or Benevolence
2. Yi or Righteousness
3. Li or Propiety
4. Zhi or Knowledge
5. Xin or Fidelity

55. Ren or Benevolence
CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH/BY:
1.Extending one’s filial love for parents
and siblings to fellow human beings.
2.Avoiding envy or harm.

56. Yi or Righteousness
CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH/BY:
1. Having moral disposition to do good , which can
only be possible after recognizing what is right
and good.
2. The ability to feel what is the right thing to do.

57. Li or Propriety
The concrete guide to human action and social order.
CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH/BY:
1. Following to human relationships (recitification of
names, doctrine of the mean , the Five
Relationships)
2. Following the norms of ren or righteousness.

58. Zhi or Knowledge or Wisdom
CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH/BY:
1. Knowing what is right and what is
wrong.

59. Xin or Fidelity
CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH/BY:
1. Keeping one’s word and being faithful.
For Kung Fuzi believed that only people who are
faithful can be trusted with important tasks.
Fidelity is also seen as the key to nation-
building.

60. FILIAL PIETY AS AN
IMPORTANT VIRTUE

61. Remember!
– Confucius believe that the key to social
order and peace is by having a ruler
who could keep order.

62. REMEMBER
The Ultimate goal of Confucianism is Social harmony.As a student,
what can you do to promote social harmony inside the school?
a. Respect other people’s beliefs and practices
b. Have a respect to your teachers only
c. Be friendly to your classmates only
d. Discriminate other people’s beliefs and practices

63. DAOISM
or
TAOISM

64. SYMBOL
– Yin and Yang Daoist symbol
– Tear drop shaped
– It signifies the perfect harmonic
balance in the universe.
– Ex. Day and night; birth and
death

65. SACRED SCRIPTURES
DAO DE JING
- Daoism foundational text.
- Meaning “The Book of the Way and its Power”
- Collection of enigmatic remarks.
- “The name that can be named is not the eternal
name.”

66. SACRED SCRIPTURES
BOOK OF CHUANG TZU/ZUANGZI
- Attributed to Zhuangzi the second founder of
Daoism.
- Consist of delightful parables, metaphors, and
poetic passages.

67. CONCEPTS/BELIEFS
THE DAO (Ethical or Moral way)
- Principle of Daoism
- It is the foundation of all being. All things come from it
and are nourished by it.
- It is called “MOTHER”
- Dao is Distinct from God

68. CONCEPTS/BELIEFS
Deity/God (Dao as the origin of all beings
- Daoism does not have God, for Daoists believe that the
universe originated from the Dao.
- Dao is not worshipped by the Daoists.

69. CONCEPTS/BELIEFS
The De
- The proper adherence to Dao
- Encourages inaction in nature and advocates the quiet and
passive nature of a person.

70. CONCEPTS/BELIEFS
Wu-Wei
- “No behavior” or “doing nothing” or “to do without
doing” or “Actionless activity”
- It is used to negate or limit human action.
- “GO WITH THE FLOW” Actions are in harmony with
the natural cycles of the universe
- It brings prosperity , harmony, and peace.

71. CONCEPTS/BELIEFS
Yin Yang
- “Yin in its highest form is freezing while yang in its
highest form is boiling”
- Chilliness from heaven + Warmness from Earth=
HARMONY (The Law of Everything)

72. CONCEPTS/BELIEFS
Qi/Chi
- Qi- Natural Energy or literally means “AIR” or
“VAPOR”
- The fundamental substance of nature and
living beings.

73. REMEMBER
– The best description of a Taoist who live their lives
according to the philosophies of Taoism is that
He/she believe that human nature should be
aligned with nature to achieve harmony and
balance

74. SHINTOISM

75. HISTORY
–Shintoism was founded in JAPAN
–Shintoism is considered as a way of life than a
religion because Shintoism believe in Kami or
spirits .
–KAMI- Divine powers of the cosmos in the form
of deities , features of nature,and exceptional
humans

78. SYMBOL
–The Torii Gate
–Represent the transition between the world of
humans and the world of the Gods and Goddesses.
–Made of wood or stone, but now most toriis are
made of concrete and steel

79. THE SACRED SCRIPTURES
KOJIKI
- One of the most important text in Shintoism
- Composed of 3 books:
- 1st . Age of Kami: narrates the mythology
- 2nd and 3rd book: Discusses the imperial lineage,
narrating the events concerning the imperial
family up to the death of the thirty-third ruler

80. THE SACRED SCRIPTURES
Nihon shoki/Nihongi
- Records the descent of the Yamato rulers of
Japan from the Gods.
- A combination of a political purpose with
folklores and myths.

81. TYPES OF WORSHIP
AT HOME
- Place a small altar (“kami shelf”) inside
their houses and this is where they perform
the following rituals.

82. REMEMBER
–How do believers of Shinto practice
their religion?
–They pray at small altars in their home

83. COMPARATIV
E ANALYSIS
OF DAOIC
RELIGIONS

84. REMEMBER!
– Both Confucianism and Taoism is both considered as the
major world philosophies.
The similarities between the Daoic Religions is:
– Daoic religion were all originated in East Asia and
consider the harmony between heaven and earth as the
ultimate goal.

85. REMEMBER!
– What particular activity would you choose to do in order to make a comprehensive
comparison between the three Daoic Religions in terms of origin, purpose, destiny,
and views on women?
– a. Conduct a group Research to know the truth behind this three religion.
– b. Make a Venn Diagram to demonstrate the similarities and differences of the
Three Abrahamic religion
– c. Organize a debate to know the pros and cons of having these kind of religion
– d. Conduct a panel Discussion to know the views of different people about these
three religion

86. REMEMBER!
Confucianism : Ru , Taoism:___________.
a. Torii Gate b. Yin and Yang
c. Lotus flower d. Star and crescent

87. REMEMBER!
Jenny was assigned to be the leader of their group, she has the responsibility to
choose what presentation her group will perform, if you were Jenny what activity
will you choose to better explain the religious landscape of the 21st century?
a. Panel Discussion, because it brings out the idea of your classmates about the
topic
b. Geo-cultural map, because you can used their geographical setting as a means
of explaining the practices of a certain religion
c. Debate, because you can elicit knowledge by knowing the pros and cons of
having different religion
d. Role play , because you can act the different practices in a certain religion

88. REMEMBER!
As a follower of a particular religious group, how would you
strengthen your faith in God?
a. Doing good deeds to other people by giving them
money
b. Applying the word of God to the lives we live by
following the core teachings of our own religion
c. Going to the church or worship place to pray once a
week
d. Surrounding yourself with religious people