Conflict Between Christians And Non Christians

Conflict Between Christians And Non Christians
If Jesus is superior and anyone who does not worship him is inferior, how can the world get along?
Cross–cultural dialogue has been difficult to sustain over time because Christian monarchs, military
men and other officials from Europe have maintained hegemony based on faulty notions of piety
and the ethnocentric subjugation of religious minorities not conducive to diplomacy between
Christians and non–Christians. Yet, some Europeans broke away from their ignorant leadership by
learning more about non–Christians, such as the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas. Medieval
Christian leaders professed a devotion to Jesus that presumed religious diversity as contemptible
and allowed Christians to annex unbelieving Muslims, Jews, and heretical polytheists. These leaders
sadistically imposed militaristic imperialism and legal discrimination upon non–Christians through
the ecclesiastical and political normalization of worshipping the one and only Christ. In the "Old
World" of Europe and the Near East, many Christians in positions of power, such as European
"Frankish" crusaders and royal officials, marginalized Muslims, Jews and other non–Christians as
inferior infidels through discriminatory legal codes and violent expansionism. Thus, Christians in
power acted as savage as their stereotypes of non–Christians.
In the "New World," or the continents currently known as the Americas, the misguided navigator
Columbus continued to mute cross–cultural dialogue by claiming the natural and
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Obstacles To Peace Research Paper
One of the two most important obstacles to peace is which side has Jerusalem has their capital?
First in the Torah (The Jews Holy Book) it says that the land was given to the by God. And in
1000A.D Saul, David, and Solomon ruled the land and now the Arabs/Muslims are trying to take it
all away.second is that the Arabs because they have owned that land since the 7th century and the
Jews are trying to claim it again and the arabs have had that land since 1800 even though the jews
had that land in 1000 A.D but they didn't acknowledge it until so it's just a big controversy on who
land is it and to conclude that the city, The Holy city of Jerusalem is anyone's at this point because
there's too much war as it is and there just adding on they should

The Shephelah: The Valley Of Azekah
As one moves southward, the mountains become progressively higher, pierced occasionally by
valleys running west to east. This region is known as the hill country of Ephraim in much of biblical
history (Tullock, H. 2012). Farther south, it becomes the hill country of Judah. This region actually
has two parts: (1) the Shephelah, an area of low–lying hills, and (2) the plateau on which Jerusalem
is located (Tullock, H. 2012). Separating the Shephelah and the Judean plateau is a north–south
valley that made approaching the plateau from the coastal plain especially difficult (Tullock, H.
2012). There are basically four approaches: (1) the Valley of Aijalon, which is the easiest and most
famous; (2) the Valley of Sorek; (3) the Valley of Azekah; and (4) the Valley of Elah (Tullock, H.
2012). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2013). The Shephelah is a region of foothills sandwiched between the Coastal Plain and Hill
Country (Schlegel, B. 2013). The Shephelah foothills are bisected by flat valleys with routes that
run east–west connecting the Coast to the Hill Country. Cities were built in the foothills above the
valleys to control the routes (Schlegel, B. 2013). The Shephelah functioned as a buffer zone
between the remote Hill Country and Coastal Plain (Schlegel, B. 2013). The battles of Samson in
the Sorek Valley and David in the Elah Valley illustrate that the Shephelah was debatable ground
between Israel and the Philistines. The soft limestone hills of the Shephelah are full of caves
(Schlegel, B.

The First Two Uprisings Of The West Bank, Gaza And East...
The term intifada properly translates as shaking off and in this literal sense the first two uprisings in
1987–1993 and 2000–2003 failed to achieve the goal of Palestinian autonomy or eventual
independence. The First Intifada took place on the 8th of December 1987. This protest was against
Israeli's occupation of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem. At the crowded checkpoint
Israeli truck swerved and killed four The Palestinians. Palestinians in revenge swept across the Gaza
Strip, spread to the World Bank and set into motion a blaze of nationalist resistance to occupation.
Intifada began unpredictably spontaneous actions such as stone–throwing were happening, but later
on Intifada became more organized. Students, women, workers, agriculture started to grow food in
gardens and at home to replace Israeli goods. Clinics were providing emergency help to people who
were in need. Palestinians always have seen themselves as occupied, that what made them
economically depend on Israel. Palestinian's work, wages were half of what Israeli workers would
get paid, their taxes were high and another thing was that they didn't have any kind of job security,
because Israeli security denied them any rights within Israel. In this case, position of Palestine is
understandable, they are like any other people wanted to be free from being heavily dependent on
the Israeli's rules and resist the force that has been used against them.
Another thing that made Palestine angry was that

The Monotheistic Religions Of Palestine
Palestine has a long history of being ruled by different empires, all of which followed different
religions. Its culture has been exposed to the influence of the Greeks, the Romans, the Byzantines,
the Ottomans and a few others. It is in the heart of the Middle East and it houses the three major
monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; Judaism being one of the oldest religions,
dating as far back as 2000 BCE in Canaan. Christianity, which then took into Judaism's steps spread
more vigorously and was more recently "recognized in New Testament studies" (Yencich 120). Then
many years later came Islam, which had its own peak as well. These three monotheistic religions
seem to echo each other's tales, ideals, and values. The conflict between the Arabs and the Israelis
over this Holy Land has been going on for years. Before Palestine, thee land was known as the land
of Canaan. The Philistines, who were known to be great enemies of the Israelites, established
Philistia, which is the biblical name of modern day Palestine (Novak 176). In the Bible, King
Abimelech rules the Philistines during the age of Abraham (Gen. 20:32; 26:8). According to
additional biblical sources, however, "the Philistines were a "Sea People" from the region of Crete
who invaded the Levant toward the end of the Late Bronze/Iron I Ages a time generally identified
with the Exodus and conquest of Canaan" (Novak 176). The Hebrews of the time migrated to the
land of Canaan, modern day Israel and

The Sacred And The Profane
The city of Jerusalem has been recognized as the holy city throughout the history of three religions:
Judaism, Christianity and Islam. During the time of Judaism, Biblical writers presented Jerusalem as
the most sacred space, the center of the world, and the city of the Lord. A leading interpreter of
religious texts, Mircea Eliade, in his book The Sacred and The Profane, defined several religious
experiences with specific terminologies, such as hierophany, which means the sign of sacredness,
and axis mundi, which is the center of the world. These terminologies will help us in interpreting
how the biblical writers promote Jerusalem as the holy city. In the Hebrew Bible Genesis 1–3, 22, 2
Samuel 6–8, 1 King 6–8, the writers reveal Jerusalem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A hierophany, according to Eliade, is "an irruption of the sacred that results in detaching a territory
from the surrounding cosmic milieu and making it qualitatively different" (Eliade 1987, 26). In
other words, a hierophany is a sign that reveals the sacredness of a place (27). When a sacred place
reveals itself in a hierophany, an opening, either upward to heaven or downward to the underworld,
has also been created in the center of the world. The opening is called as the axis mundi, and it
enables the communication between the divine and the people on the earth (36). The axis mundi is
usually expressed by different images, like a pillar, a ladder or a mountain, etc (37). There are more
than one axis mundi. A country, a city, a sanctuary, and an altar are all axis mundi and all represent
the center of the world concurrently. This can be understood by thinking that these sacred places are
reproducing the universe on the "microcosmic scale" (43) and they all equally represent an imago
mundi, which means a "square constructed from a central point" (45). Only by living in the center of
the world, can a religious man find the satisfaction of communicating with the divine world.
Therefore, "every construction or fabrication has the cosmogony as paradigmatic model" (45),
which means that every construction represent a micro cosmos, an imago mundi. The terms found
by Eliade will be very useful when interpreting how Jerusalem is depicted in the

Land Of Jerusalem Research Paper
There are three major world religions Christianity, Judaism and Muslim that claim the religious
ownership of the land of Jerusalem. Why do all these people claim ownership to the land?
Throughout time and the world, the most highly wanted land by people generally contained fresh
water for shipping and drinking, large quantities of oil or other precious resources; yet Jerusalem
has relatively none of this. However, even without a giant port or great natural resources it is still
sought by millions. The purpose of this paper is to prove that the Jewish people are the rightful
owners of the land of Jerusalem and to falsities of some of the major claims denying the Jewish
people's right to the land. Throughout history, we have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fact is that the Jewish state has been able to hold its ground while the Arab states claim that it
will annihilate the Jews and drive them into the sea. Through the seven day war, the Yom Kippur
war and numerous other wars Israel has expanded its borders and protected what it has. It has even
given up land in hopes for peace with Egypt. It also must be mentioned that there is irrefutable
history that no such thing as a separate palestinian people ever existed. It was made up for political
purposes which was set out by numerous Arab statements over time. It must also be known, that
after and during the life and death of the Ottoman empire, Jews were legally purchasing land of
Israel. Such organizations include the and Jewish National fund, Palestine Jewish Colonization
Association, and Palestine Land Development Company. by 1935 Jews had legally bought around
579,348 acres of land. In conclusion, Jews have occupied the land of Israel since before Islam and
Christianity existed, Jewish People have bought land through legal means, and are even documented
in other ancient religions and cultures book such as the Romans,

Jerusalem Research Paper
L'shana haba b'yerushalayim. Next year in Jerusalem. This is a hymn sung by many Jewish people
every year during Passover, as well as other holy days. But, why is this sung? Jerusalem is the
holiest place for the Jewish people. It is mentioned over 850 times in the Torah, the Jewish bible and
the old testament. (in text citation). Jerusalem is also the third holiest place in Islam and is one of
the holiest places in Christianity. Jerusalem is also the capital of Israel, yet is not considered the
capital to so many people everywhere. During prayer all over the world, Jewish people turn and
pray towards Jerusalem to honor the holiness of the city. During the Jewish wedding ceremony there
are the Sheva Brachot, Seven Blessings, that refer to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
While there are many religions that have a religious connection the the city, Judaism has by far the
strongest connection because of the Western Wall, the two temples, and the Torah. As stated before,
Jerusalem is mentioned many times throughout the Torah, while in the Quran, Jerusalem is not
mentioned once. (in text citation). Israel is a religious state, specifically a Jewish state. It would
make sense to make the holiest site of Judaism the capital of the religious state. Even though Israel
is a religious state, there is religious freedom in the country under the Knesset Law. The law states,
"places holy to the peoples of all religions shall be protected from any desecration and from any
restriction of free access to them." (in text citation) Since the 1860s, the Jewish people have been
the largest ethnic group in Jerusalem and has not yet been interrupted. (in text citation). Splitting
Jerusalem into East and West Jerusalem will separate and cause Jewish people to leave their homes
on the East side, since the majority of the city is Jewish people. In Israel, as well as all over the
world, there is an ideology called Zionism. Zionists believe, "Judaism is a nationality as well as a
religion, and that Jews deserve their own state in their ancestral homeland," (in text citation)
Zionism creates a feeling of nationalism and pride. After the persecution of the Jewish people during
the Holocaust, many Jewish people felt the need to have a home and a safe place. A reason Israel
was established as the homeland for the Jewish people was because of this persecution, persecutions
throughout history, and the innate connection between the Jewish people and

Causes Of The Crusades
Karime Puga
Mr. Cole
AP World History 1
26 October 2017
The Causes of the Crusades With the Islamic faith spreading rapidly throughout the region,
Europeans feared of losing their religion and being conquered by Arabs. The Battle of Tours in 732
CE in France was fought between the Christian forces led by Charles Martel and the Islamic forces.
Charles Martel winning the battle, was an action that preserved Christianity and kept Islam from
spreading any further. Although the Europeans defeated the Arabs, Muslims still had conquered any
previous Christendom lands in the East that they had held (Antioch, Damascus, etc.) and converted
a great portion of those lands to Islam. However, Christians would not give up. The Crusades, a
series of holy battles fought from 1095 CE to 1270 CE, occurred as a result of many causes, one
being, Christians not recognizing Muhammad as a prophet, who is the Islamic founder. Most
importantly, the Muslims had control of Jerusalem, a city both considered holy by their faiths and
conquered during the expansion of Islam. The strong desire for regaining its control led to Pope
Urban II to call for the First Crusade in 1095 CE and convince believers that they would be saved if
they fought, which also contributed to the causes of the war. After the Battle of Tours was won,
Islamic armies were unable to continue attacking and established frontiers. However, much of their
Muslim Empire had been part of Christendom, including the holy city of

The Study of Hebrew Diaspora
As a classic example of diaspora, the Hebrew Diaspora is studied and questioned by many. Both the
causes of and the consequences of the Hebrew Diaspora are two aspects of the event that, for most,
have yet to be sufficiently answered. Having occurred many centuries ago in the past, the causes and
consequences of the diaspora may seem to be of no importance, yet at second glance, one realizes
that addressing these topics may be the key to accurately determining the modern effects of diaspora
in general. However, before these two areas of concern can be addressed, we must first define the
term "diaspora" as well as identify a working definition of a Jew. In Greek, "diaspora" means
scattering or dispersion. (Jewishvirtuallibrary, pg1) Despite the fact that one can become a Jew
through conversion to Judaism, for the sake of this essay, we shall identify a Jew as a descendent of
the ancient Hebrews. Therefore, by combining these two definitions, we can define the Hebrew
Diaspora as the dispersion of the Jewish peoples from their homeland. Now that we have defined
the Hebrew diaspora, we can efficiently pinpoint its causes and consequences, both direct and
underlying, and hopefully identify the modern consequences of diaspora through analysis of this
classic example. About four millenniums ago, Jewish history began with its patriarchs: Abraham,
son Isaac, and grandson Jacob. As described in the Book of Genesis, Abraham was summoned to
Canaan to become the founder of a

The Biblical and Historical Origins of the Problems in...
The Biblical and Historical Origins of the Problems in the Middle East
The present day situation in Israel may be the most difficult political situation in world history. It
dates back to thousands of years before Christ, and deals with a large number of issues including
political, religious, and cultural issues. In order to understand the current day issues, we must first
understand the Biblical and historical issues. In this paper, I will first explore what the later books of
the old testament, specifically the books of Ezra, Nehemiah, Zechariah, and Malachi, and than talk
about the modern day issues. This was an interesting part of the Bible to research, because it is the
part that most people know very little ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first book that I will discuss is the book of Ezra. Ezra lived during the time several hundred
years after the return of the Jews from the Babylonian exile, which would be around 400 BC. Ezra
was a priest, who was an expert in the law of the Torah. The first six chapters of the Book of Ezra
describe the return of the Jews from the exile in Babylon, which actually happened before Ezra was
actually living. The last 6 chapters deal with the restoration of Jewish life in Israel after the exile in
Babylon.
In this time period, there were two restorations going on. The first dealt with the rebuilding of the
city of Jerusalem, even though the Temple had already been built after the return from exile. The
second dealt with the rebuilding of Jewish religious life in the postexilic period. Because he was a
priest and an expert in the law, Ezra was primarily responsible for the religious rebuilding. A major
problem of the time was that Jewish men were taking foreign wives, and at this time, Ezra
prohibited mixed marriages. The men who had married foreign women had to abandon them. There
was also a covenant renewal at this time.
The second book that I will discuss is the book of Nehemiah. It isn't known who came first of Ezra
and Nehemiah, but while Ezra was the religious leader, Nehemiah was the political leader.
Nehemiah began his work in Babylon around 445 BC,

A Critical Juncture Of The Discourse
With v. 15 we come to a critical juncture in the discourse. To this point Jesus has referred to general
signs that would characterize the period preceding Israel 's collapse. Here in v. 15, though, he refers
to one sign that unmistakably signals that the prophesied destruction is at hand. It would serve to
alert the people of that generation as to the proximity of Jerusalem 's ruin. In response to the
question, "When will these things be?" Jesus now answers "When you see . . ." (v. 15).
Abomination of Desolation is literally, the abomination that causes desolation. In the OT,
"abomination" = an object of disgust, hatred, something that causes revulsion; an idolatrous offense
or affront to the true worship of God.
The Abomination of Desolation is referred to 4x in Daniel 8:13; 9:27; 11:31; 12:11. The first and
immediate reference was to the Syrian king Antiochus who ruled over Palestine in 175–65 b.c. He
called himself Theos Epiphanes ("manifest God") but his enemies called him Epimanes ("madman;
the insane one").
In 168 b.c. Antiochus Epiphanes slaughtered 40,000 Jews and plundered the temple. He sacrificed a
pig on the altar of burnt offering, sprinkled broth from the unclean flesh all over the holy grounds as
an act of deliberate defilement. He then erected an image of Zeus above the altar. It was a sacrilege
of indescribable proportions indelibly imprinted on the minds of the Jews in Jesus ' day.
Jesus envisioned something of a repeat performance in his day of what

A Creation For A Home For The Jewish People
Population movements are described as the repositioning of large, swaths of people through the
process of human migration. Shifts in a given population's demographic is attributed to natural,
behavioral or economic factors, i.e. victims of natural disasters, refugee populations, and the
relocation of people as a by–product of development projects. The creation of nations is a catalyst
for population changes, i.e. displacements and migrations. State–building is at the core of
population movements through modernization, urbanization, industrialization and commercial
agriculture, rural–urban, labor migration, refugee cases of resettlement or dislocations of
populations synthesis. Through state–building the consolidation of boundaries happens, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My argument in this paper is the qualitative consequences of Palestinian displacement by Resolution
181 facilitated the Palestine civil war of 1947 which stimulate the progression of hostilities into the
1948 War of Liberation.
On November 29, 1947, The United Nation General Assembly enacted Resolution 181 which
dissolved the British Mandate of control over Palestine. UN Resolution 181 established a homeland
for Jews dividing Palestine into two separate states, a Jewish state and an Arab state. The UN
Partition Plan was welcomed by the displaced Jewish population, but the Arab community pre–
existing in Palestine rejected the 'plan of partition.' After UN General Assembly Resolution 181 was
implemented, a transitional period began within Palestine with the peace and security compromised
as a civil war broke out. On May 14, 1948, six months after Resolution 181 went into effect and the
British Mandate was no longer valid, the World Zionist Organization (WZO) and the Jewish
People's Council met at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art in Tel Aviv, Israel where a unanimous approval
of the Israeli Declaration of Independence was proclaimed. The establishment of the State of Israel
was acknowledged by the United States and USSR within seventy–two hours.
After the implementation of the Plan of Partition by the United Nation General Assembly and the
Hebrew Declaration of Independence, the Jewish population celebrated the restoration 'of their
political freedom,' while the

The Crusades Causes
Events that led to The Crusades began in the early 900's when nomadic Muslims called the Turks
brought together a large portion of the Islamic world in the east and challenged the weakened
Byzantine Empire for control of the area. In the early 11th century CE Turks moved from Central
Asia to the Middle East. These tribes had served as mercenaries in Islamic armies since the eighth
century CE. The Sultans of this group were seeking legitimacy by using combat to occupy Islamic
lands. The Seljuk Turks occupied Persia in 1030s CE and had begun to advance west. Romanus IV
led the Byzantine army against the Seljuks however he was not successful. The Seljuk Turks
destroyed the army and killed the emperor at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 CE. Some ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Umayyads used military force to gain political control and they governed as the Arab elite.They
would only allow ethnic Arab bureaucracy and and ethnic Arab military. The Abbasid dynasty
believed that their rule had been divinely sanctioned because they were members of the prophet's
family and thus had religious legitimacy.They asserted that the principle of piety and not the
superiority of ethnic background or race as the Umayyad s believed. The titles they held were based
on the relationship they had to God, such as, Shadow of God on Earth and God's Caliph or al–
Mahdi the guided one. Titles also included al–Mansur (the one Helped to victory by God), al–
Rashid (the Orthodox). The Vizier's office was also created at this time, he was the most trusted
servant and would be in charge of military and civil affairs. His duties included the power to dismiss
or appoint generals and governors at his discretion. The creation of this office created a bureaucratic
hierarchy that enabled the ruler to remove himself from day–to–day affairs. This is something that
was not present in the previous

Crossing Borders
Crossing Borders
The beat–up Arab minivan slowed tentatively under the scrutinizing gaze of the Israeli soldier on
duty. The routine was simple. About halfway between Damascus Gate in East Jerusalem and
Ramallah, the West Bank commercial center, the driver, blaring Arabic music on his radio,
maneuvered around the dusty slabs of concrete that composed the Beit Haninah Checkpoint. He
waited for a once–over by the Hebrew–speaking 18–year–old and permission to continue.
Checkpoints–usually just small tin huts with a prominent white and blue Israeli flag–have become
an integral and accepted part of Palestinian existence under Israeli occupation. But for me, a silent
passenger in the minivan, each time we entered the no man's land ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This summer I traversed these border crossings and military checkpoints several times a week,
traveling from the comfortable West Jerusalem neighborhood where I was staying, to various
locations in the West Bank. Now that I am home, I cannot help but return again and again to this
millisecond of uncertainty. I realize now that border crossings and checkpoints have permeated my
intellectual and personal lives here at school as I continue crossing over symbolic borders in both
my extra–curricular and academic endeavors.
For example, I have crossed over from the back of the classroom to the front, and have been both
rewarded and challenged by my teaching experiences. Since my freshman year of high school, I
have taught Hebrew language and Judaic studies at a local religious school, where I have tried to
impart my love for my heritage to middle–school–age students. Additionally, I have not only
volunteered but also invested personally in problematic middle school classrooms. Whether role–
playing methods of de–escalating a fight, or dividing the class into China and the U.S. in order to
simulate global politics, each class has given me a fresh outlook on education as well as a renewed
excitement for my own studies.

As a student, the opportunity to share my passion for learning has been personally fulfilling; the

Judaism, Christianity, And Islam
The location where one encounters the divine demarcates itself from the rest of the world and
becomes a sacred place. The "sacred" connotes reverence and respect as illustrated in Exodus 3:5,
where the Lord told Moses: "Do not come closer. Remove your sandals from your feet, for the place
on which you stand is holy ground." Whereas Jerusalem is just a common city in an ordinary man 's
eyes, this viewpoint changes dramatically when it comes to a religious man. For the three
monotheistic religions of the West– Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Jerusalem is considered one of
the most important and sacred places in the world. The land acquired its sanctity through numerous
manifestations of the divine in biblical times. Even though Jerusalem does not have extraordinary
physical features of a city in antiquity, it became widely renowned as a holy city. Romanian writer,
religion historian Mircea Eliade argues that "space is not homogeneous" (Eliade 1957:20) by
proposing the term hierophany to designate the act of manifestation of the sacred, and how it
contributes to differentiating the sacred from the profane. The book then describes an axis mundi,
where the site of hierophany occurred, is established to connect and communicate the heaven, the
earth and the underworld through the center. Further construction at axis mundi is typically done to
consecrate the place. The building built is referred to as an imago mundi, a representation of a
miniature cosmos in the

The Most Popular Destination Of The Jewish People's...
Masada derives from the Hebrew word mezuda, meaning fortress or stronghold. Currently, it
represents one of the Jewish people 's greatest symbols of intransigence. In the name of tradition,
some inductees to the Israeli Defense Forces take their oath of loyalty to the Jewish state on top or
at the Western Wall of Masada, as remnant of the sacred Temple in Jerusalem; The oath ends with
"Masada shall not fall again."1 Next to Jerusalem, it is the most popular destination of tourists
visiting Israel today. The fortification was built by Herod the Great, King of Judaea, who reigned
between 37 BCE and 4 CE as a palace complex for himself. The overall product of Masada was an
engineering achievement with it's architecture and structure, making it habitable in time of
emergency. The geography also provided a natural defense for Masada, which helped Jewish
sustenance during their last form of resistance against the Romans. Evidence of a siege occurring in
this ancient plateau thousands of years ago are primarily sourced by the reminiscence found by
archaeologists, as well as first century Jewish Roman historian Josephus. To further understand the
history of Masada, prior experiences of society at the time shall be considered; the Jewish society
has been condemned and conquered throughout history, as well the Romans height of imperializing
and conquering being executed. The siege of Masada consisted of the Jews retreating from their
destroyed civilization, Jerusalem, to the strategic

Religion, Judaism, And Islam
The city of Jerusalem, located in the country of Israel, is considered to be one of the holiest cities on
Earth. 890,428 individuals are currently living in the city ("Where is Jerusalem"). What makes
Jerusalem such a holy land is because of its significance to three religions: Christianity, Judaism,
and Islam ("History of Jerusalem"). While Jerusalem is considered "the holy land", it is also a place
that has endured countless wars, bloodshed, and controversy. The city has been ruled by infamous
leaders and praised individuals, it is a city with a very rich history, and its history allows one to
understand the vital role it plays in the Palestine–Israel conflict. Abraham, the father of Judaism, is
the root of Jerusalem's holiness. It is said that the Lord appeared to Abraham and said that a land
(Jerusalem) would be given to both him and his descendants ("History of Jerusalem"). It is said God
spoke to Abraham and set him through a series of "trials" in which Abraham proved time after time.
His loyalty to the lord never faltered, and thus, Judaism was born ("Abraham"). Jews revere this
man as the first person to teach the idea of monotheism, and it is Abraham as well, who is deeply
rooted with the beginnings of Islam ("Abraham"). The Jewish king David captured the city of
Jerusalem from the Jebusites about 1,000 years before the birth of Christ ("History of Jerusalem").
King David is explicitly known for his wish to build a beautiful new temple in which he could honor

Mount Of Olives : A True Believer
For any true believer it would be a challenge to find another place on the face of earth that equals
the experience of standing on the top of Mount of Olives overlooking the Jerusalem 's Old City. The
panoramic view that opens from this natural elevation is nothing short of stunning as City of David
reveals itself sparkling under the bright sun in its splendor and glory. The spiritual power of this
experience is undeniable. Something about seeing all these Holy places up and close makes you
think about the presence of God and your place in this universe. The memory of the visit and affect
it has on people is never forgotten. Mount of Olives (Har HaZeitim in Hebrew) is mentioned in the
Bible multiple times as the place where the legendary events took place. The very first of those
events was the rebellion of Absalom against his father king David described in 2 Samuel 15:30.
After hearing about his son 's treachery, the distressed king "went up the ascent of Mount of Olives,
and wept as he went up and his head was covered and he walked barefoot". To his concerned
followers he said that God would deliver him. During the Temple period the high priest would walk
through the Golden (Eastern) Gate and up to the Mount of Olives to sanctify the full moon or to
sacrifice the unblemished red heifer. The sacrificed heifer would then be burned and its ashes mixed
with a holy water were used for ritual purification. In the book of Zechariah, chapter 14, the Hebrew
prophet is

Jerusalem Research Paper
Jerusalem is an ancient city located in the State of Israel. Its history goes back to the 4th millennium
BC, making it one of the oldest cities in the world (ancient.eu). The city has seen many conquerors
and invasions since that time, yet it still hasn't found peace till this day. Jerusalem is considered a
holy city for Christians, Muslims and Jews, which has caused conflicts due to the differences as well
as the desire to control the city from all parties.
Jerusalem in the Ottoman Empire
During the Ottoman rule, Jerusalem experienced a four hundred–year long period of relative calm,
when fighting was mostly due to the jealousies between members of the Empire (Boston
university.edu). As the decades went by, the empire was slowly declining, starting to lose their
economic and military dominance as well as key regions in land (history.com). By the start of World
War I, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The city is holy for Christians because it has the Church of Holy Sepulchre, it is "located on a site
which in central to the story of Jesus, his death, crucifixion and resurrection."(bbc.com) in other
words, it is believed that Jesus was crucified there. Jerusalem is of importance to the Muslims as it
contains the shrine of the Dome of the Rock and the Al–Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in islam.
"It is believed that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) travelled here from Mecca during his night
journey and prayed with the souls of all the prophets. A few steps away, the shrine of the Dome of
the Rock is where the Prophet then ascended to heaven."(bbc.com) The western Wall, a "remnant of
the retaining wall of the mount in which the Holy temple once stood," is the most sacred site in
Judaism. Jews believe that this was where the foundation stone which created the world, and where
Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac. "Today, the Western Wall is the closest place Jews can
pray to the Holy of the

The Historical Landmarks Of Jerusalem
While the present day Jerusalem flourishes with the pilgrims attracted by the city's religious
significance and the tourists intrigued by its historical landmarks, it was merely a minor city–state in
the ancient times. However, rather than a miracle that had occurred overnight, the social and
economic status of Jerusalem was obtained through a process of evolution, the early parts of which
were recorded in the Hebrew Bible, which is a collection of narratives based on genuine historical
events while centering its stories on divine power. In the case of Jerusalem, the Bible provides
intricate accounts of religiously significant events that were in sync with the stages of Jerusalem's
development, starting with King David's choice to designate the city as the capital of the United
Monarchy, and culminating around the time of Solomon's construction of the First Temple, as well
as the fall of the city to the Babylonians. Through these references to the Bible, which centralize
early events of the Israelite religious history in the city of Jerusalem, it is unequivocal that not only
has Jerusalem affected the religious society of the Israelites, but the evolution of the city into a
political and spiritual capital is also related to the religious events that took place in the city. To
examine the connection between religion and space, Thomas Tweed introduces a model in his short
essay "Space", which defines the characteristics of religious spaces like Jerusalem–interrelated,

Essay about The Dome of the Rock
Essentially unchanged for more than thirteen centuries, the Dome of the Rock remains one of the
world's most beautiful and enduring architectural treasures. Adorned with its magnificent gold dome
and elaborate quranic inscriptions, the structure intimately represents the world's second largest
religion in a city historically associated with the three Semitic faiths. Representation, however, is
not the only effect of this site. Despite its intended purpose, the Dome of the Rock inherently stands
as the focal center of a millennium–old religious controversy. Located on what is essentially the
world's holiest site (obviously a speculative assertion) and inscribed with proclamations of Islamic
religious superiority, the Dome symbolizes far ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cyril Glasse discusses such in her work:
"In the case of the Dome of the Rock, the symbolism of its Quranic forms echoes the significance of
the Temple Mount as the site of the Temple of Solomon. It is the culmination of the revelations of
Moses and Jesus in the restoration of the primordial Abrahamic unity which is Islam the
calligraphic inscriptions recall the relationship between Jerusalem and Jesus, and the apocalypse to
come."
In addition to the structure's architectural composition, elaborate Quranic inscriptions further
elaborate this message of religious superiority. Carole Hillenbrand alludes to such:
"The Dome of the Rock, which had been built in 72/691 as a triumphant statement of the superiority
of Islam over other faiths, especially Christianity, displays a careful selection of Quranic
inscriptions which tilt at the Trinity and the Incarnation. Islam's uncompromising monotheism is
emphasized in a long band of inscriptions measuring around 240 metres in length: the message is
unambiguous: ‘There is no god but the One God and He has no partner.'"
Artfully constructed and etched in Quranic verse, the Dome sits upon its ominous perch and serves
as the center of Jerusalem. Regardless of one's religious or political slant, the sheer magnificence of
the building cannot be ignored – nor can its intrinsic message. From an uninfluenced perspective,
one cannot help but observe the Dome as an attempt to

The Destruction Of Jerusalem And The Temple
Point #2 – The destruction of Jerusalem and the temple in A.D. 70 fulfills Christ's prophecy of
perilous times.
13:
With v. 15 we come to a critical juncture in the discourse. To this point Jesus has referred to general
signs that would characterize the period preceding Israel 's collapse. Here in v. 15, though, he refers
to one sign that unmistakably signals that the prophesied destruction is at hand. It would serve to
alert the people of that generation as to the proximity of Jerusalem 's ruin. In response to the
question, "When will these things be?" Jesus now answers "When you see . . ." (v. 15).
Abomination of Desolation is literally, the abomination that causes desolation. In the OT,
"abomination" = an object of disgust, hatred, something that causes revulsion; an idolatrous offense
or affront to the true worship of God.
The Abomination of Desolation is referred to 4x in Daniel 8:13; 9:27; 11:31; 12:11. The first and
immediate reference was to the Syrian king Antiochus who ruled over Palestine in 175–65 b.c. He
called himself Theos Epiphanes ("manifest God") but his enemies called him Epimanes ("madman;
the insane one").
In 168 b.c. Antiochus Epiphanes slaughtered 40,000 Jews and plundered the temple. He sacrificed a
pig on the altar of burnt offering, sprinkled broth from the unclean flesh all over the holy grounds as
an act of deliberate defilement. He then erected an image of Zeus above the altar. It was a sacrilege
of indescribable proportions indelibly imprinted

Religious Spaces, By Thomas Tweed
Religious spaces, characterized by Thomas Tweed, are "differentiated," "interrelated," and "kinetic."
As a sacred city with spiritual significance in three major religions, Jerusalem is depicted
thoroughly in the Hebrew Bible and illustrated as one of the spaces Tweed defines. The Bible
emphasizes that Jerusalem was chosen by God and honored by Israelites, which differentiates it as a
special, singular space; the description of Solomon's Temple shows that the Holy City was
interrelated to economic power and involved in the judgment of civil cases. Moreover, the conquest,
development and destruction of Jerusalem illustrate the city as a kinetic space, reflecting the
unsettled history of the Iron Age. These characteristics all make Jerusalem a religious and political
center from the ancient Near East time to present day, guiding the footsteps of believers around the
world.
In his essay "Space", Thomas Tweed characterizes spaces for religious practices as "differentiated"
locales that are sensually encountered and imaginatively figured. They are "more or less 'special,'
'singular,' or 'set apart'" from "undifferentiated" or unnamed generic places (Tweed 2011: 119). He
also states that spaces are "always interrelated with 'nature' and with 'culture,'" and they are shaped
by political processes, social relations and economic forces. Furthermore, defining religions as
"confluence of organic–cultural flows" about "dwelling and crossing, about finding a place and
moving across

Essay about The Cause of Hatred and Distrust in the Middle...
The Cause of Hatred and Distrust in the Middle East
The war in Iraq is further poisoning the already noxious political atmosphere between Arabs and
Americans. It has intensified and increased dangerous feelings of humiliation and outrage among
the Arab public, while paranoid rhetoric about Western attacks against Islam elsewhere is spreading
from the religious fringe to the mainstream. It is simplistic and self– serving for political leaders in
the West to tell us that the terrorists attacks happen because they "hate freedom," or "hate our
democratic values" or "they despise our love of liberty." Many, in fact, hate what they perceive as
materialistic Western values, but this is not what leads them ... Show more content on
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This means that about 20% of the world's population is Muslim, 18% Christian, and 2.1% Jewish.
Of the 13 million Jews in the world, about 5.8 million live in the United States and about 4.8 million
live in Israel. This boils down to the fact that about 80% of the population in Israel is Jewish and
about 20% (or 1.1 million) is Arab Muslims. The population in the West Bank (a dry, land–locked
area of about 5,860 square miles right smack in the middle of Israel) is about two million, of which
Palestinian Arabs comprise 83% (1.7 million) and Jews comprise about 17% (340,000). The
predominant religions in the West Bank are thus about 75% Muslim and 17% Jewish (with the
balance being mostly Christians). Basically there are about two million Arab Muslims surrounded
by about 4.8 million Jews. The Arabs and the Jews hate each other and have been fighting since the
United Nations had the "brilliant" idea of partitioning the country in this insane manner in 1947
(CIA par.3).
Also, U.S. aid to Israel has played a major role in tension between Arabs and America and between
Arabs and Israel. On Ted Koppel's (NIGHTLINE), Henry Sigman said: "The U.S. is seen as a sort
of an insensitive hegemony, with arrogance that seeks to impose its own values on the rest of the
world. It is seen as an uncritical supporter of the State of Israel in its conflict with the Palestinians
and the

Kidron Valley: Valley Of The King
Kidron Valley, also known as Valley of Jehoshaphat and Valley of the King is a deep ravine
streaching from eastern slope of Mount Moriah through the Judean Desert and continues for about
20 miles until it reaches the Dead Sea. For the most of the year Kidron Valley is a dry place except
when the seasonal rains create a stream that runs undrneath the surface.
The streach of Kidron Valley between the Temple Mount and Mount of Olives is reffered in BIble as
Valley of Jehoshaphat. Translated from Hebrew Jehoshaphat means "God will judge". It was named
after a righchess King of Judah who was encoreged by prophets to stand up against the aggression
of superior confederate army of Moab, Edom and Ammon.
According to Josephus, "Jehoshaphat placed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At times a sign with a curse was placed in the entrance to the tomb in order to ward off the potential
grave robbrers. In antiquity people took curses pretty seriously.
Tomb of Zechariah is an unfinished strucfure also curved out of the bedrock. The legend has it that
the Jewish priest Zechariah, son of Yehoyada the Priest, was scolding people in front of the temple
for not following God's ways and worshiping the pagan idols. Angry crowd has stoned him to death.
Because It does not contain a burial chamber some archeologists speculate that Zachariah's tomb is
a nefesh or a monument for a tomb of Bneiz Hezir. Situated right next to Zarchariah's tomb it is
dated back to the beginning of the 1BCE, during the Hasmonean rule over Jerusalem. The tomb is a
burial cave dug right into the cliff. At the entrance a Hebrew inscription reveals it to be a burial
place for Cohanim or priestly family by the name of Bnei Hezir.
According to the New Testament, Jesus passed through the Kidron Valley and the Golden Gate on
his way to Jerusalem during his Triumphal Entry. Jesus also traveled through Kidron on his way to
Bethany where he brought Lazarus back to

The Holy Land And Jerusalem
Kea Braekman
The Holy Land and Jerusalem
David's Tomb Final Paper
On June 1st of 2015, Israeli police had to use force to arrest a group of Yeshiva students preventing
Christians from entering King David's tomb. This was not the first time this sort of incident occured
in the holy site. For ages now, King David's tomb became a hotbed for controversy, international
and religious tension. Even the people are fully opposite when it comes to reporting and explaining
the incident I just mentioned. The Christianpost for example describes Christian worshippers treated
unfairly by Jewish protesters trying to appropriate the site to themselves. Meanwhile, more
conservative Zionist religious news outlets like the Yeshiva world news describe the unfair
treatment of righteous and peaceful students protesting by the police. The article even goes as far as
implying that the police has an orchestrated plan to remove all Jews from the site to make King
David's tomb exclusively a Christian site. More extreme perspectives can be observed as Rabbi
Lazer Brody describes the event: "Earlier this week, the xtian idolaters tried to enter King David 's
holy gravesite with their incense and crosses to hold their mass. These are the very emissaries of the
Dark Side.[...] Hashem kindled a holy spirit in my beloved teacher, Rav Shalom Arush, who stood
up like a lion to protect King David 's gravesite against the profane intruders. He came with a Torah
scroll and prayed there. When the young men of

Foreign Policy And Decision Making Simulation
Brief for General McMaster On behalf of the State Department I was involved in an Israeli foreign
policy and decision–making simulation where members were to agree upon various minimal peace
terms and implementations. This brief for General H. R. McMaster will provide the most thorough
analysis of the outcomes from this simulation to provide the best suggestions for the United States
involvement in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The opening remarks by Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu were that the ministers must agree in consensus or the proposition shall not pass, the
cabinet must decide on their most minimal peace terms, and at the conclusion of deliberations all
ministers must agree or resign. (February 27 Minutes) Netanyahu met ... Show more content on
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(February 27 Minutes, and March 6 at 2:35) Israel will also have full control of the water
infrastructure in the West Bank and will enable a policy of hot pursuit and establish security control
over all areas not annexed if Palestine oversteps their confinements. (March 6 Minutes)
Section Two: Key Dynamics and Players Involved
Upon arrival on February 27th, Yoav Galant, Minister of Construction, stressed the utmost
importance of eliminating the housing crisis in Israel. Galant offered the proposal of Mordot Arnona
where there would be 2000 new housing units that will aid growing populations inside the new
territory added to Jerusalem. (Powerpoint for Ministry of Construction, February 27 Minutes) This
suggestion worried the Minister of Internal Security, Gilad Erdan, because of its capability to
threaten the security of Israel. Galant's reasoning behind this proposal is the expansion of housing in
Jerusalem. The neighborhood will allow for the continuation of growth and development, providing
for the housing demand. With this implemented, it will strengthen Jerusalem as the capital. The lack
of housing is one of the highest concerns for Galant. On the basis of needing 250,000 houses due to
a shortage of housing, there was a 75% increase in housing costs from 2008–2015. Galant proposed
the annexation of areas E1 and Ma'ale Adumim located East of Jerusalem in order to create more
space to distribute housing. Over

The Sacred Space And Sacred Spaces Forged By The Divine
Since their creation, humans have sought to find meaning from the mundane existence of mortality.
This quest for answers has motivated many to seek out the divine and sacred spaces forged by the
divine. Biblical scholar and historian Mircea Eliade argues that, "man becomes aware of the sacred
because it manifests itself [and] to designate the act of manifestations of the sacred [is the] proposed
term hierophany" (Eliade 1959: 11). In other words, a hierophany exists when the divine chooses to
reveal himself, by defining a space or object as sacred through the divine's presence. After a
hierophany occurs, the chosen object or space is deemed an axis mundi. Eliade defines axis mundi
as, "a universal pillar which at once connects and supports heaven and earth and whose base is fixed
in the world below" (Eliade 1959: 36). Using a comparative analysis of biblical texts and scholarly
articles, this paper will discuss how a sacred space, specifically Jerusalem, manifests itself through
God's choosing. Therefore Jerusalem is the holy dwelling place of the divine, because God chose it
through his application of multiple hierophanies and his establishment of axes mundi within the
city's walls. Jerusalem as a sacred dwelling place is reflected though its similarities to the Garden of
Eden, where God created the first human beings on earth. In Genesis 2, "God had planted a garden
in the east, [and] a river watering the garden flowed from Eden, there it was separated into four

The Dome Of Rock : The Dome Of The Rock
Though architecture is something that we see and observe daily, to truly get to know a building we
must observe it from all angles and view every detail to understand its beauty and the purpose of
why it was created. Many unique buildings have been constructed all over the world, however, the
most unique structures and its bold design will catch the eye of bystanders more often, such as The
Dome of the Rock. This building, which is located in Jerusalem, caught the eye of many people due
the huge golden dome structure that sits on top of the building and the decorative colors and tiles
that surround the building. The historical significance of this building is upheld by the religion of its
local people, the location site of the building, along with the structure and the design of the building
itself. The Dome of the Rock, which translates to Qubbat al–Ṣakhrah in Arabic, was constructed in
the 17th century by Abd el–Malik. The religious belief behind the Dome varies from religion to
religion, though the most popular religions that are connected to the Dome are the Muslims, the
Jews, and the Christians. However, located underneath the dome is a religious shrine which is the
main reason behind the construction of the Dome. The focus point of this religious shrine is a sacred
rock, which serves a significant purpose in the representation of the religious beliefs of the Muslims
and the Jews, though, each religious group have a different legend about the history of that stone.
The known tales of the different cultural groups of the sacred stone is described as, "For Jews, the
stone acts as a connection between the spiritual world and the physical world, as it was the very first
stone crafted by God during the Creation, and is the support for the rest of the universe around it. As
such, it is also a possible site for the Holy of Holies, and it is forbidden for Jews to visit the site. For
Muslims, on the other hand, the Foundation Stone is the object from which Muhammad ascended
into Heaven and spoke to God to learn the details of proper prayer to take back to the Muslims. As
such, Muslims are encouraged to visit the site, the third–holiest in Islam". Additive, Jewish and
Christian religious groups also believe the

A Study Of Eschatology Attracts The Attention Of Many...
The study of eschatology attracts the attention of many believers. It's a fascinated subject to
Christians as well as non–Christians. Unfortunately many people are misled by the false teachings
on the return of Jesus. The emphasis should not be on the date of Jesus' return but on preparing for
His return. The Jehovah's Witnesses have given as many as nine incorrect dates of Jesus' return from
1874 to 1984. Many of you may recall the predicted end of the world on December 21, 2012 as
cited by the Mayan calendars. Oh how they were wrong! Only God knows when the end of the
world will take place and Christians are not appointed to sit on the planning committee for the
return of Jesus but rather on the preparation committee. In chapter ... Show more content on
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Remember the disciples came from the rural countryside of Galilee. The magnificent structure no
doubt would have gotten their attention. The temple was considered one of the great wonders of the
world and covered approximately one–sixth of the area of the city of Jerusalem. It was located on a
spectacular site on Mt. Moriah. It had been under construction for forty–six years. Listen as the
Jewish Historian Josephus describes the magnificent splendor of the temple, "The exterior of the
building wanted nothing that could astound either mind or eye. For, being covered on all sides with
massive plates of gold, the sun was no sooner up than it radiated so fiery a flash that persons
straining to look at it were compelled to avert their eyes, as from the solar rays. To approaching
strangers it appeared from a distance like a snow clad mountain; for all that was not overlaid with
gold was of purest white."
Some of the stones of the temple were forty feet long by twelve feet high by eighteen feet wide. The
temple was completed in A.D. 64) and built by the Herodian dynasty to win Jewish favor. (How our
lives should capture the awe of others)
Verse 2, Jesus' response was a startling prediction of the total destruction of the magnificent temple.
This prophecy was fulfilled in A.D. 70 when the Romans utterly destroyed the temple and the whole
city.
Verse

The Evolution Of Jerusalem As A Sacred Space
The Evolution of Jerusalem as a Sacred Space The present day Jerusalem is not only a religious
center for the three major religions–Judaism, Christianity, and Islam–but also one of the most
disputed spaces due to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. While the city's religious significance alone
attracts enough pilgrims to support its economy, modern Jerusalem prospers with the additional
tourists intrigued by the historical landmarks, such as the Western Wall and the Dome of the Rock.
However, rather than a miracle happened overnight, the social and economic status of Jerusalem
was obtained through a process of evolution, parts of which were recorded by the Hebrew Bible.
Even though the Bible may be a collection of narratives constructed by the ancient cultures to
explain the origins of life, and thus are more mythical than realistic, many biblical accounts are
actually based on genuine historic events and can be used for references. In the case of Jerusalem,
which was merely a minor Canaanite city–state before the intrusion of the Israelites, the Bible
presents evidence that the city, with its suitable geographic characteristics, gradually developed into
a sacred place of great political and religious significance over history. In particular, two factors
differentiate Jerusalem from the profane space around it: David's choice to designate the city as the
capital of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah, and Solomon's construction of the Temple,
which housed the Ark of the

Mount Scopus Research Paper
Mount Scopus, Har Hatsofim in Hebrew, translated as Mount of the Watchmen, is a natural
elevation of 2700 feet over the sea level. It is located in northeast Jerusalem, overlooking the
Temple Mount, the new City and the Judean desert. On the clear day a visitor can see as far as Dead
sea.
Mount Scopus is mentioned by ancient historian Josephus Flavious in his famous work The Jewish
War. It describes the arrival of Roman general Titus to the gates ofJerusalem.
The first time Roman general Titus saw Jerusalem was from the Mount Scopus. He marched there
from Caesarea with two of his legions and immediately began setting up a camp. Mount Scopus
offered a panoramic view of Jerusalem and provided Titus with a great vantage point to plan a siege
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 636CE, the conquiring Arab armies besiged Jerusalem but were not in the position to penetrate
the city walls. After six months Bysantine Patriarch Sophronius agreed to surrender the city and pay
tax of submission but only if the safety of Jerusalemites was personally guaranteed by Caliph Omar,
Commander of the Believers.
Omar traveled all the way from Mecca to Jerusalem to meet the Patriarch. The first time Omar laid
his eyes on the Holy City was from the Mount of Scopus. The legend has it that he prayed, changed
his clothes and rode the white camel into the city to meet the Sophronius.
During his short stay in Jerusalem, Omar ordered to clean up the Temple Mount as it was used as a
garbage dump by Bysantine authorities. He also permitted the Jews to worship there.
In 1902 a weathy English laywer, sir John Gray Hill and his wive began building their dream house
with a spectacular view on a Mount Scopus property they purchased years earlier. During
construction of the house workers unearthed an ancient burial cave from the Second Temple period
which still contained ornate oussuaries with bones and

Solomon Motivation
Despite only being found in ancient texts, Solomon's Jerusalem Temple still stands out in history as
one of the most magnificent sacred structures of the ancient world. Elaborate descriptions of the
Temple, found in both the Bible and royal inscriptions, include the fact that it "was adorned with
gold" and that it contained some of Jerusalem's most valuable treasures (Pasachoff and Littman 26;
Van Seters 55). This shows just how important it was to Solomon and the other Israelites. Solomon's
motivation behind the building of the Temple involved more than just act as a permanent for the
Presence of God; it also served to unite Judah and Israel further, gave divine legitimacy to the
Davidic dynasty, as well as reflected the wealth of the king ... Show more content on
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Religiously, Solomon built the temple to be a permanent residence of the Ark of the Covenant as
well as the presence of Yahweh, as seen in the 1 Kings text. The elegance used to in the building of
the temple, as described in 1 Kings 6, shows that Solomon also built the temple with the intention to
honor Yahweh with the beauty of a permanent home. After David was unable to complete his goal
of building a temple for God, Solomon was strongly motivated to complete what his father aspired
to. This was shown soon after Solomon was anointed as king in 1 Kings 5. Another motivation of
Solomon's was to show the people of Israel that this new Davidic dynasty of kings was had the
support of their one and only Lord. This support is what allowed for Solomon to help unify Israel
and Judah, as discussed previously. A political motivation for Solomon to build "one of the largest
and most beautiful structures in ancient West Asia" was in order to display the prosperity and power
of Israel. He was motivated to do so in order to prove the legitimacy of Israel's power to other
nations competing for the prosperous trade routes between Asia and Africa that were under the
control of Solomon (Meyers 360; Pasachoff and Littman

Young Palestinian Voices From East Jerusalem Essay
The War of 1967 concluded with Israeli control of Jordanian territories that included Palestinian
communities in East Jerusalem and the West Bank. In "Young Palestinian Voices from East
Jerusalem," Road AbuZayyad claims how the Israeli government's influence and control in East
Jerusalem affected the lives of the Palestinians living in the region. In "The Birth of Core Issues:
The West Bank and East Jerusalem Under Israeli Administration," Moshe Elad recounts how issues,
predominantly concerning the Arab and Jewish conflict, arose with the implementation of an Israeli
Administration after the War of 1967. The articles share how the Israeli control of East Jerusalem
cultivated the conflict, however, each article has a focus on different aspects of the Israeli
government that created the Arab and Jewish conflict. While Elad discusses how the Israeli
Administration increased Arab–Israeli conflict, Abuzayyad focuses on how Israelization, the capture
of territory and enforcement of Jewish law, created these conflicts. Additionally, in this paper, I will
summarize each of the articles and evaluate them based on their organization, quality of evidence,
and perspective. While AbuZayyad effectively establishes his thesis through the use of relevant
personal accounts, experiences, and descriptions, Elad evaluates the administration through a
historical perspective but fails to adequately prove his thesis due to his lack of relevant evidence and
convoluted structure.
AbuZayyad

A Barriers For Peace, Or A Barrier To Peace
A Barrier for Peace, or a Barrier to Peace?
Introduction/ Background
Walls are usually built by humans to achieve the purpose of security and privacy. But, what if a wall
was built to limit the movement of hundreds of thousands of people separating them from their
lands and relatives and preventing them from practicing their fundamental daily rights? This is the
case in Palestine; where Israel has constructed a physical wall that isolates Palestinians in the West
Bank and significantly affects their daily life.
The "Apartheid Wall" as named by the Palestinians, or the "Security Fence" as named by Israelis is
a 709 Kilometer barrier that extends through the Palestinian West Bank separating it from Israel
(B'Tselem, 2011). The Wall is a multi–layered fence system consisting of razors, stones, concrete,
barbered wires along with checkpoints and watchtowers. The concrete sections of the Wall, near
Jerusalem, Ramallah, and Bethlehem, are more than 8 meters high, more than twice the height of the
famous Berlin Wall. Israel started constructing the Wall in 2002 after ... Show more content on
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Dr. Dany Tirza (2012), the IDF's chief architect for the "Separation Wall", says that Israel views the
wall no more than a physical barrier intended to provide peace and security for both sides. Tirza
believes that Israel had no choice other than constructing the Wall. He rejects all the Palestinian
claims that accuse the Wall of annexing lands and destroying the lives of the Palestinians. Tirza
emphasizes the point that the only reason for building the wall is security, with no settlement or
political goals. He furthermore states that the Wall enables "the two sides to lead their lives
separately" (para. 7). He accuses Palestinians of exaggerating their suffering and manipulating the
public opinion by claiming that the Wall is built for settlement, annexation, and endorsing pressure
on the

The Plo As The Palestinian Sovereign
The Legitimacy of the PLO as the Palestinian Sovereign
Full Name
Name of University
Recitation Section
TA Name
Palestine has a right, under international and natural law, to self–determination under the borders
which existed prior to Israel's formation in 1948. The natural governing authority of the new
Palestinian State to be formed within these borders is the Palestinian Authority (PLO) currently led
by Mahmoud Abbas. Given that land was stolen from Palestinian natural sovereignty via actions
taken by Israel in wars which Palestine proper was not a participant to, Israel must also pay
reparations to the Palestinian State as well as its citizens so as to compensate for the crimes–
against–humanity which it has committed over the course of the last several decades. Cemented by
the renunciation of violence which the PLO has undertaken, Palestinians can no longer be held
accountable for the actions of Hamas and other terrorist groups, and an independent Palestinian state
commits to joining the War on Terror righteously fought by Israel and its allies.
The Minimal Acceptable Borders of a Palestinian State Beginning with the minimal acceptable
borders of a Palestinian State, these must be congruent with the original United Nations Settlement
plan put forth by the UN prior to Israeli conquest in 1949 With Rowntree et al. (2014) noting that
the original 1948 borders of Israel were already in violation of the proposed United Nations
Settlement, Israel's borders are

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