This document discusses confidentiality and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA establishes legal protections for patients' personal health information and guidelines for healthcare professionals regarding privacy and security. It outlines patients' rights to privacy of their health information. Failure to comply with HIPAA can impact both patients and providers, including loss of trust, identity theft, legal challenges, fines, and loss of accreditation. The document provides references on HIPAA compliance enforcement actions and guides on healthcare information systems.