The document presents Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience, which arranges various types of educational media along a continuum from most abstract (verbal symbols) to most concrete (direct experiences). At the top are verbal symbols and visual symbols, followed by still pictures, recordings, radio, motion pictures and television. Further down are exhibits, study trips, demonstrations, dramatized experiences, and contrived experiences. At the base are direct purposeful experiences, which involve direct sensory experiences like seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and smelling. The Cone is meant as a visual analogy to represent different levels of concreteness in learning experiences.

1. The Cone of Experience
The Cone is a visual analogy, and like all analogies, it
does not bear an exact and detailed relationship to the complex
elements it represents
-Edgar Dale

2. The Cone of Experience
Visual symbols
Verbal symbols
Still pictures, Recordings, Radio
Motion pictures
Educational television
Exhibits
Study trips
Demonstration
Dramatized experiences
Contrived experiences
Direct Purposeful experiences

3. Direct purposeful experiences
• These are first hand experience which serve as the
foundation of our learning. We build up our reservoir of
meaningful information and ideas through seeing,
hearing, touching, tasting and smelling. In the content of
the teaching-learning process, it is learning by doing.

4. Contrived experiences
• In here, we make use of a representative models or
mock ups of reality for practical reasons and so that we
can make the real-life accessible to the students
perceptions and understanding.

5. Dramatized experiences
• By dramatization, we can participate in a reconstructed
experience, even though the original event is far
removed from us in time. We relive the outbreak of the
philuppine revolution by acting out the role of characters
in a drama.

6. Demonstrations
• It is visualized explanation of an important fact, idea or
process by the use of photographs, drawings, films,
displays, or guided motions. It is showing how things are
done. A teacher in Physical Education shows the class
how to dance tangoe.

7. Study trips
These are excursions, educational trips, and visits
conducted to observe an event that is unavailable within
the classroom.

8. Exhibits
• These are displays to be seen by spectators. They may
consist of working models arranged meaningfully or
photographs with models, charts, posters. Sometimes
exhibits are "for your eyes only". There are some
exhibits, however, that include sensory experiences
where spectators are allowed to touch or manipulate
models displayed.

9. Television and motion pictures
• Television and motion picture can reconstruct the reality
of the past so effectively that we are made to feel we are
there. The unique value of the messages communicated
by film and television lies in their feeling of realism, their
emphasis on persons and personality, their organized
presentation, and their ability to select, dramatize,
highlight, and clarify

10. Still pictures, Recordings, Radio
• These are visual and auditory devices which may be
used by an individual or a group. Still pictures lack the
sound and motion of a sound film. The radio broadcast
of an actual event may often be likened to a televised
broadcast minus its visual dimension.

11. Visual symbols
• These are no longer realistic reproduction
of physical things for these are highly
abstract representations.

12. Verbal symbols
• They are not like the objects or ideas for which they
stand. They usually do not contain visual clues to their
meaning. Written words fall under this category. It may
be a word for a concreate object (book), an idea
(freedom of speech), a scientific principle (the principle
of balance), a formula (e=mc2)