Representation
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This document discusses representation, stereotypes, and archetypes in film. It defines representation as how films portray people, places, and events to audiences in a way that can influence viewers' opinions. Stereotypes are oversimplified representations that can reinforce beliefs, while archetypes are extremely recognizable oversimplified representations that have been portrayed similarly for a long time, like myths or legends. Examples are provided of how films can change viewers' thinking through their representations.
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The document discusses how media texts represent characters, identities, topics and groups through re-presentation rather than a mirror image, using certain ideologies, beliefs and values. It provides questions to consider when analyzing representations, such as who produced the text, who is being represented and how, why specific representations were selected, what has been left out, and who holds power. The document also gives tips for analyzing representations, such as considering the intended audience and how representations have been constructed through elements like camera angles, clothes, and behavior.
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Representation involves how people, places, and objects are portrayed to an audience through various media. Representation is unavoidably selective and constructed from a particular point of view. Various theorists have examined how representation works. Stuart Hall analyzed how audiences can interpret representations in preferred, negotiated, or oppositional ways. Richard Dyer examined how stereotypes are often used to brand groups and present differences as natural. Roland Barthes distinguished between denotation and connotation, and how myths are used to naturalize dominant ideologies.
Representation
Representation involves how people, places, and objects are portrayed to an audience through various media. Representation is unavoidably selective and constructed from a particular point of view. Various theorists have examined how representation works. Stuart Hall analyzed how audiences can interpret representations in preferred, negotiated, or oppositional ways. Richard Dyer examined how stereotypes are often used to brand groups and present differences as natural. Roland Barthes distinguished between denotation and connotation, and how myths are conveyed. Laura Mulvey introduced the concept of the "male gaze" in film and how audiences are positioned as male viewers. Later theorists like Angela McRobbie and David Gauntlett examined how gender and identities are socially constructed through various media representations.
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This document discusses various concepts related to media representation including stereotypes, archetypes, countertypes, gatekeepers, and how representation is constructed through things like framing, foregrounding, and backgrounding. It provides examples of how different groups like women, ethnic minorities, and youth are often represented in media through stereotypes. It also discusses theories of representation from scholars like Mulvey on the male gaze, Barthes on myths, and Hall on encoding and decoding media texts. Viewers are prompted to analyze representations in clips and consider how meanings are made and identities positioned through media constructions.
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This document discusses representations of gender and stereotypes. It notes that masculinity is often represented through stereotypes of strength, power, attractiveness, physique and independence, while femininity is represented through beauty, physique, sexuality, emotionality and relationships. Men are often lone heroes while women take helper roles and are more frequently victims. It encourages analyzing how media portrayals reflect and shape societal gender norms and stereotypes, and whether countertypes may challenge stereotypes. Students are assigned a homework task analyzing celebrity or character stereotypes and countertypes.
Analysis science fiction representation
This document discusses representation and stereotypes in science fiction films. It notes that all representations are biased based on the producers' perspectives. Stereotypes are oversimplified views of groups that are commonly used in films for convenience. While stereotypes can reinforce certain ideologies about gender, race, ability, etc., countertypes offer non-stereotypical representations that can challenge traditional views. The document examines examples of character and gender stereotypes and asks students to consider whether non-stereotypical films are possible and how media representations may influence viewers' perceptions of reality.
Science fiction representation
This document discusses representation and stereotypes in science fiction films. It notes that all representations are biased by what is included or left out, and reflect the ideas of the producers. Stereotypes are oversimplified views of groups that are commonly used in films for convenience. While stereotypes can be easily recognized, they do not represent the full diversity of people and can reinforce false impressions of what is normal. The document examines common stereotypes in science fiction films, such as the hero always being young, white, and male, and calls for more non-stereotypical representations in films.
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Semiotics sees communication as arising from cultural contexts rather than just information exchange. Meaning comes from the interaction between texts and their receivers based on shared codes within a culture. A code is a system of communication that connects signs to rules and shared understandings. Identifying codes in texts is important because codes organize communication and enable meaning, though individual meanings are negotiated. Denotation is the literal meaning of a sign, while connotation involves cultural associations that can vary between individuals. During negotiation, meaning is not fixed but depends on the decoding context. Anchorage provides a written context that orients the preferred reading of an image's signs.
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This document discusses analyzing images through their visual elements such as line, texture, pattern, shape, and form. It explains that analyzing images considers framing, composition, depth of field, lighting, meaning, and use of formal elements. When writing about an image, one should describe what is seen literally, analyze techniques used by the photographer like lighting, composition, and formal elements to uncover meaning, and evaluate if the image is effective and what it communicates. Famous photographers like Tim Walker, Don McCullin, Rankin, and Imogen Cunningham are mentioned.
Research and analysis of images take 3
This document provides guidance on analyzing photographic images. It discusses the formal visual elements of line, texture, pattern, shape, and form. It then profiles several photographers to exemplify each element. The document also covers the basics of image analysis, including framing, composition, lighting, and use of formal elements. When writing about an image, it advises describing the subject matter literally, then analyzing technical and contextual aspects to uncover meaning, and evaluating how effectively the image communicates. Students are given an exercise to discuss images using these analytical techniques.
Research and analysis of images take 2
This document discusses analyzing images through examining their visual elements such as line, texture, pattern, shape, and form. It explains that analyzing images considers the framing, composition, lighting, meaning, and use of formal elements. The analysis of an image involves describing what is seen, breaking down elements like lighting, composition, and subject matter, and evaluating how effective and influential the image is.
Photographic composition
This document discusses various techniques for effective photographic composition including framing, angle, perspective, symmetry, balance, space, and color. It emphasizes that composition allows photographers to convey messages and emotions through carefully framing subjects, experimenting with unique angles and perspectives, balancing elements in the frame, giving subjects space, and using color to impact mood. The document encourages photographers to view composition not as rigid rules but as tools or "ingredients" that can be utilized to create visually compelling photographs.
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This document discusses three key elements of photography - line, texture, and pattern. It defines each element and provides examples of photographers who utilize these elements effectively in their work. Lines create depth and movement, texture refers to surface qualities, and patterns are made up of lines and shapes. Students are assigned to find images from artists that demonstrate these three elements for a photography assignment.
History of photography
This document provides a history of photography from its origins to modern applications. It discusses early innovators like Niepce, Daguerre, and Talbot who developed the first photographic processes in the 1820s-1840s. The daguerreotype and calotype processes allowed photographs to be taken and reproduced. Advances like the wet plate collodion process in the 1850s led to photographs being widely used to document events like the Civil War. Photography was also used in science, medicine, industry, and to document social issues. Further innovations driven by the development of more portable cameras expanded photography's uses through the late 19th century until it became widely accessible to the public by the late 1880s.
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The document outlines an initial photography project focused on formal analysis and terminology exploring Imogen Cunningham's work. It then details the creative process of researching flower meanings in different cultures and places linked to people. Test shoots were conducted exploring techniques and using layering in Photoshop before final images were displayed with an explanation of how they were selected.
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The document discusses various compositional techniques for strengthening photographs, including using triangles, circles, frames within frames, leading lines, negative space, rhythm, and combining multiple techniques. It provides examples of each technique and encourages the reader to test out the different methods and develop their own signature style.
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The document discusses the portraiture and fashion photography of Terence Donovan, David Bailey, and Peter Lindbergh. It provides biographies of each photographer and examples of their work. Terence Donovan was a pioneering British fashion photographer known for his work with magazines in the 1960s. David Bailey photographed celebrities and cultural icons in a simple dramatic style. Peter Lindbergh is a renowned German photographer known for his black and white images of supermodels and use of industrial backdrops in fashion photography.
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Representation
- 1. Representation GCSE FILM
- 2. Representation • is all about how different people, places and events are shown with the film. Think about it like the film is re-presenting (showing something a second time) something/someone/somewhere to its audience. It exists in the real world but the act of putting it on screen changes how people think about it Can you think of any examples of where movies have changed how you think about something or simply given you an opinion when you had none before?
- 3. Stereotype • Stereotype is an over-simplified representation of something • They can reinforce our beliefs about things/people List all the stereotypes you know? - are any positive?
- 4. • What kind of stereotypes are suggested by these images? • Are there stereotypes about ideas and the way people act as well as the people themselves?
- 6. Archetypes • Archetypes are like stereotypes but are extremely recognisable as well as over simple • Often they have been represented like this for a long time and are like myths or legends