This document discusses condylar resorption and condylar sag, which are temporomandibular joint disorders. Condylar resorption involves the breakdown of the mandibular condyles through bone resorption and can be bilateral or unilateral. It causes symptoms like jaw pain and malocclusion. Causes may be idiopathic or related to trauma, orthodontics, or systemic diseases. Diagnosis involves x-rays and MRI. Treatment ranges from nonsurgical to orthognathic surgery. Condylar sag occurs after jaw surgery when the condyle shifts in the fossa, disrupting occlusion. Methods to avoid it include proper condyle seating and waking patients during surgery

1. Condylar resorption
by Dr. Maida Khan-RDS
Sharif Medical and Dental College

2. Condylar resorption
 Condylar resorption, also called idiopathic condylar resorption, is a
temporomandibular joint disorder in which one or both of the mandibular
condyles are broken down in a bone resorption process.
 Also called cheerleader syndrome.
 Mostly affects condyles symmetrically and bilaterally
SYMPTOMS
 TMJ pain,
 headache,
 myofascial pain,
 clicking and
 popping, and crepitation

3. In bilateral cases
 symmetric posterior shift of the mandible,
 development or worsening of the class II occlusal relationship (the lower
teeth positioned excessively posteriorly relative to the upper teeth)
 development of an anterior open bite
In unilateral cases
 the mandibular dental midline and chin shift toward the affected side
 an ipsilateral class II occlusion, crossbite, and posterior occlusal prematurity
develop
 an open bite develops on the contralateral side of the jaws.

4. Causes
Idiopathic
Local causes
 parafunctional activity,
 trauma,
 orthodontics, or orthognathic surgery
 Unstable occlusion
Systemic causes
 reactive arthritis
 rheumatoid arthritis
 infections (cytokines activates osteoclast releasing MMPs
degrades ECM)
 Metabolic disorder ( decreased estradiol level)
 Nutritional status ( decreased vit. D)

5. Diagnosis
1.Panograms
• Flattening of anterior surface of condyle
2. Lateral cephalometric radiograph
• skeletal and occlusal class II deformity
• anterior open bite,
• high occlusal plane angle
• , high mandibular plane angle
• , decreased vertical height of the ramus,
• possible overangulation of the lower incisors

6. 3.Cephalometric tomographic evaluation of the TMJs
• normal or excessive joint space because of the hyperplasia of the synovial
tissues within the joint.
• The involved condylar head will appear smaller in size;
• The cortical bone on the head of the condyle may lose some integrity.
4. MRI
• decreased condylar size and volume;
• anterior disc displacement, with or without reduction on opening;
• extreme thinness or loss of continuity of cortical bone on the head of the
condyle
• thick, amorphous-appearing soft tissue occupying the space between the
condyle and fossa

7. Treatment
Non invasive treatment modalities
1. NSAIDS
2. Oral appliance ( occlusal splints)
Minimally invasive treatment modalities
1. Arthrocentesis
2. arthroscopy
3. Non surgical orthodontics
Invasive modality
Orthognathic surgery

8. Condylar sag
• Immediate / late change in position of condyle in glenoid fossa after
surgical establishment of preplanned occlusion and rigid fixation of
bone fragments, leading to change in occlusion.
• Occurs after BSSO or lefort 1 osteotomy
Types
Central/ non contact condylar sag
Condyle not in contact with glenoid fossa
. Soon after the decrease in intraoperative oedema and release of MMF, the
condyle moves back to its original position causing malocclusion

10.  Peripheral/ contact condylar sag

11. Methods to avoid condylar sag
1. Condyle is seated with condylar seating tool
Light digital pressure at angle
Resultant vector is anteroposterior

12. 2. Intraoperative Awakening of the Patient During Orthognathic Surgery.
 immediately after the fixation, IMFs is removed and the occlusions
are checked with light digital pressure on the chin
 Then the patients are rapidly awakened (maintaining the intubation)
in a state of conscious analgo-sedation and asked to open and close,
and to laterally move the mandible.
 If clinical examination of the passive and active movements of the
mandible was suitable, the anesthesia is reinforced and the operation
was concluded.