Conducting a 3-Way ANOVA Why? ANOVA can be used to handle multiple independent variables and we need to know how this works in a factorial ANOVA design with 2 or more independent variables. This includes the very valuable process of understanding interaction effects. Assignment As a reading specialist, and based on your literature review, you hypothesize that a student’s performance (score) on a reading task may be predicted by the difficulty of the reading passage (0=easy, 1=difficult), length of the passage (0=short, 1=long), and the gender of the student (0=female, 1=male). Run a 3-way factorial ANOVA in SPSS. Be sure to create your syntax file as part of the process. Interpret your results and think about what they mean. Are there any main effects of note? Are there any interaction effects of note? What are the omnibus eta-squared effect sizes? What are the specific Cohen’s d effect sizes for mean differences for main effects or any specific interaction mean differences of note? Remember to check your assumptions. It would be a good idea to practice writing up your results in a format suitable for a journal article. Subject Gender Difficulty Length Score 1 0 0 0 16 2 0 0 0 17 3 0 0 0 16 4 0 1 0 12 5 0 1 0 11 6 0 1 0 16 7 0 0 1 16 8 0 0 1 12 9 0 0 1 18 10 0 1 1 5 11 0 1 1 4 12 0 1 1 8 13 1 0 0 11 14 1 0 0 22 15 1 0 0 14 16 1 1 0 12 17 1 1 0 9 18 1 1 0 13 19 1 0 1 13 20 1 0 1 17 21 1 0 1 12 22 1 1 1 7 23 1 1 1 4 24 1 1 1 3 Conducting a Repeated Measures ANOVA Why? Repeated measures ANOVA can be used to study the same group of individuals over time or across different treatment levels. It is useful to help explore change in individuals or differences in treatments. Because we study the same individuals each time, we are able to reduce the variability due to error (SSwithin) which can make this approach more powerful at times. Assignment Assume you are researching different approaches to warm-up and stretching for high school athletes. According to your literature review (completely hypothetical here!), there seems to be evidence that dynamic plyometric warm-ups (active, movement-oriented warm-ups that often involve jumping) result in fewer lower body injuries during team sports. Also, plyometric warm-ups seem to result in greater speed and quickness levels, although the research on this area is more sporadic and less certain. As a kinesiology researcher who is working with a local high school sports program, you decide to study the issue further by testing four different approaches to warm-up and stretching and examining potential impact on the speed of 9th and 10th grade males (randomly selected from the junior varsity football roster) in the 40 yard sprint. You selected 10 athletes for your study. The four conditions included: (a) no stretch or warm-up, (b) traditional static stretching which involves non-movement stretching/elongating of the muscles, (c) plyometric warm-up, and (d) both static stretchi.