This document discusses the concept of water management in agriculture. It outlines that plants require water for various processes like nutrient uptake, structure, photosynthesis, and temperature regulation. Water management is defined as the integrated process of intake, conveyance, regulation, measurement, distribution, application and drainage of irrigation water to increase crop production. The major components are irrigation and drainage. Reasons for water management include shortage or excess of water, non-uniform distribution, and intensive cropping demands. Practices discussed include on-farm techniques like watercourse improvement and high efficiency irrigation systems, soil management methods, and crop management strategies.

2. CONCEPT OF
WATER MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY

3. Outline
1) Importance of water for plants
2) What is water Management
3) Components of Water Management
4) Why to manage irrigation water
5) Water Resources of Pakistan
6) Water Management Practices
a) On Farm Water Management
b) Soil Management
c) Crop Management
7) Water Management in Rainfed areas

4. Why Plants Need Water
Water forms over 90% of the plant body by
green or fresh weight basis. Plants require water
for:
1) Uptake of Nutrients
2) Maintain their structure through turgidity
3) For the process of Photosynthesis
4) Water is a constituent of protoplasm
5) Water is essential for the germination
6) For the conversion of starch to sugar
7) Water helps in the transpiration
8) Regulates the temperature of plants

5. Water Management
“The integrated process of intake,
conveyance, regulation, measurement,
distribution, application and use of
irrigation water and drainage of excess
water with proper amount and at right
time for the purpose of increasing crop
production and water economy in
conjunction with improved agricultural
practices”

6. Major Components
There are two major components of Water
Management :
Irrigation
Drainage
Irrigation is the artificial application of
water to the soil essential for plants
growth
Drainage is the removal of excess
water from the field

7. Why to Manage the Water
Shortage of Water Excess of Water
Drought Floods
Non-Uniform Distribution of Water round the year

8. Why to Manage the Water
Different water regime (Level) of Crops
Uncertainty of Rainfall
Intensive Cropping to meet the food requirements
Cultivation of high yielding varieties require more
water

9. Parameters
Pakistan
(Million Hectare)
Punjab
(Million Hectare)
Geographical Area 79.61 20.63
Total Cultivated Area 22.51 12.53
Total Irrigated Area 17.37 11.75
Total Rainfed Area 5.14 0.771
Total Culturable Waste 8.20 1.60
Agricultural Area Status

10. Water Resources of
Pakistan

11. Surface Water
Glacier, Watersheds, Rivers, Canals
Annual River Flow
142 MAF
Divert Arabian Sea
38 MAF
Diverted to Canals
104 MAF

13. Ground Water
Natural springs, wells, tube wells
Annual Ground
Water
41 MAF
Application Losses
12 MAF
Available for Crops
29 MAF

14. Precipitation
Rainfall, dew, mist/fog, hail, snow
Annual Rainfall
13 MAF
Application Losses
4 MAF
Available for Crops
9 MAF

15. Year
2004
(Million Hectare)
2025
(Million Hectare)
Availability 104 104
Requirement 115 135
Shortfall 11 31
Pakistan’s Water Scenario for 2025
How to minimize water losses
to meet our actual requirement
Source: Ten Year Perspective Development Plan 2001-11

16. Water Management
Practices

17. Water Management Practices
1) On Farm Water Management
2) Soil Management
3) Crop Management

18. 1) On Farm Water Management
 Watercourse Improvement
 High Efficiency Irrigation System

19. 2) Soil Management
 Laser Land Leveling
 Mulching
 Use of Organic Matter

20.  Sowing Method
 Weed Control
 Suitable plant Species
3) Crop Management

21. Water Management
In Rainfed Areas

22. Water Harvesting for Agriculture
Micro catchments
Micro Catchments are a common technique used in agriculture to collect
surface run-off, increase water infiltration and prevent soil erosion.
Small Pits
Small pits are made before rain, after rain they fill with water and water
infiltrate in the soil which is later available for crops.

23. Contouring Terracing
“Growing of Crops parallel
to the contours of a hill
slope to form a natural
barrier for water to flow
down the slope”
“Broad flat steps are made
on steep soils at right angel
so that flat surface is
available to grow crops”

24. Water is Life Save it !
No Water No Life

25. Thank you !