The document discusses various types of hydraulic cements, including Portland cements that meet ASTM C150 specifications for types I through V, as well as blended cements that combine Portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash or slag to provide benefits like improved durability or reduced heat generation. Specialty cements are also covered, such as white cement, masonry cement, and expansive cement used for applications requiring shrinkage compensation.

1. CON 123
Cementitious Materials
Session 4
Hydraulic Cement Specifications

2. Freshly ground cement
2

3. Dry cement in a bowl
3

4. Types of Portland Cement
ASTM C 150 (AASHTO M 85)
I Normal
IA Normal, air-entraining
II Moderate sulfate resistance
IIA Moderate sulfate resistance, air-entraining
III High early strength
IIIA High early strength, air-entraining
IV Low heat of hydration
V High sulfate resistance

5. Cement Types

6. Type II & Type V
Sulfate Resistant Cements
• Moderate sulfate
resistant cements and
high sulfate resistant
cements improve the
sulfate resistance of
concrete elements, such
as:
– Slabs on ground
– Pipes
– Concrete posts exposed
to high-sulfate soils.

7. Type II & Type V
Sulfate Resistant Cements

8. Moderate and Low Heat Cements
 Moderate heat and low
heat cements minimize
heat generation in
massive elements or
structures such as very
thick bridge supports,
and dams.

9. Moderate and Low Heat Cements
 Hoover dam, shown
here, used a Type IV
cement to control
temperature rise.

10. Type III
High Early Strength Cements
 High early strength
cements are used
where early concrete
strength is needed,
such as in cold weather
concreting, fast track
paving to minimize
traffic congestion, and
rapid form removal for
precast concrete.

11. Type III
High Early Strength Cements

12. Portland Cement Shipments by Type
Type V
White
TYPE III 3% 0%Blended
4% 1%
Types I & II
92%

13. Chemical Composition of Portland Cements
Portland Chemical Composition, %
Cement
Type SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 Na2Oeq
I (mean) 20.5 5.4 2.6 63.9 2.1 3.0 0.61
II (mean) 21.2 4.6 3.5 63.8 2.1 2.7 0.51
III
20.6 4.9 2.8 63.4 2.2 3.5 0.56
(mean)
IV
22.2 4.6 5.0 62.5 1.9 2.2 0.36
(mean)
V
21.9 3.9 4.2 63.8 2.2 2.3 0.48
(mean)
White
22.7 4.1 0.3 66.7 0.9 2.7 0.18
(mean)

14. Compound Composition and Fineness of
Portland Cements
Portland Chemical Composition, % Blaine
Cement fineness
Type C3S C2S C3A C4AF M2/kg
I (mean) 54 18 10 8 369
II (mean) 55 19 6 11 377
III (mean) 55 17 9 8 548
IV (mean) 42 32 4 15 340
V (mean) 54 22 4 13 373
White
63 18 10 1 482
(mean)

15. Blended Hydraulic Cement
ASTM C 595
General —
a hydraulic cement consisting of two or more
inorganic constituents, which contribute to
the strength gaining properties of cement.

16. Blended Cements
 Blended cements
(ASTM C 595, AASHTO
M 240, and ASTM C
1157) use a
combination of Portland
cement or clinker and
gypsum blended or
interground with
pozzolans, slag, or fly
ash

17. Blended Cements
 Clinker
 Gypsum
 Portland cement
 Fly ash
 Slag
 Silica Fume
 Calcined Clay
 Limestone

18. ASTM C595 Blended Cements
 Interground or blended
 IP, IS
 MS Moderate sulfate resistance
 HS High sulfate resistance
 MH Moderate heat
 LH Low heat

19. Hydraulic Blended Cements
ASTM C 595 (AASHTO M 240)
 Type IS
 PortlandBlast-Furnace Slag Cement
 Up to 95% slag content
 Type IP
 Portland-PozzolanCement
 Up to 40% pozzolan

20. Type IP Blended Cement
(ASTM C 595)
 IP → 40% pozzolan
 Durability (increased durability)
 25-35% for ASR and sulfate resistance
 25-40% for low heat of hydration
 Strength (higher long-term strength)
 Reduced acceleration in summer
 Reduction in permeability

21. Type IS Blended Cements
(ASTM C 595)
 IS → up to 95% slag
 Durability
 40-50% for ASR and sulfate resistance
 35-70% for low heat of hydration
 Strength
 Similar in summer to Portland cement
 Equivalent at 28 days
 Increased long term strength
 Reduction in Permeability

22. New ASTM C595 Designations
 Type IS(X): Portland blast-furnace slag cement
(up to 95 % slag)
 Type IP(X): Portland-pozzolan cement (up to
40 % pozzolan)
 Type IT(X)(Y): Ternary blend (discussed later)
 (X) represents targeted percentage of slag or
pozzolan
 IP(15) = 15 % pozzolan
 IS(70) = 70 % slag

23. Special Properties
 Moderate sulfate resistance – (MS)
 High sulfate resistance – (HS)
 Moderate heat of hydration - (MH)
 Low heat of hydration – (LH)
 Examples
 IP(25) (HS)
 IS(50) (MS)

24. New in 2009
Ternary Blended Cements
 The new cement type in C595 is a TERNARY BLENDED
CEMENT and is designated IT. The basic description
of a ternary cement is that it contains 2 SCMs along
with portland cement or clinker.
 In close reading of C595 this option existed
previously for pozzolans, but the change makes it
clear when a ternary cement is used and what its
composition is.

25. New in 2009
Ternary Blended Cements
 The concept of the change is that all of the same
chemical and physical limits apply for ternary blended
cements as applied to Type IS and IP BINARY blended
cements.
 If the SCM present in the highest amount is a
slag, requirements of Type IS apply. If a pozzolan is
present in larger amount, the requirements of Type IP
apply.
 To provide information for customers as to exactly what
the ternary cement composition is, both the amount and
type of SCM is defined in the cement nomenclature.

26. New in 2009
Ternary Blended Cements (Summary)
 New Type IT
 1 slag and 1 pozzolan or 2 pozzolans
 Same chemical and physical limits for ternary
blended cements as for binary blended
cements (IP or IS) with the same predominant
SCM
 Amount and type of SCMs used in
nomenclature

27. Ternary Blended Cements
 The naming convention is shown here: The
cement is called a TYPE IT with the amounts
and types of SCM identified in parentheses.
 Generically this Type IT(AX)(BY) where A and B
are the types of SCMs and X and Y are their
corresponding amounts, in percentage by
mass.

28. Ternary Blended Cements
 Nomenclature
 Format: Type IT(AX)(BY)
 Where A and B are SCM types and X and Y are
amounts
 S=slag or P=pozzolan
 Primary (highest content) SCM listed first
 If X=Y requirements of Type IT(P>S) apply
(Type IP)
 Example: Type IT(S25)(P15) contains 25% slag
and 15% pozzolan

29. Ternary Blended Cements
 As noted earlier, the requirements for the
ternary cement are identical to those for the
binary cement (IP or IS) with the same SCM
present in the highest amount.
 For example a Type IT(S25)(P15) has more slag
cement and thus the requirements are the
same as those of a Type IS(25).
 Optional requirements such as MS, HS, or LH
can also be invoked.

30. Performance Hydraulic Cements
ASTM C 1157
 First performance specification for hydraulic
cements
 Cements meet physical performance test
requirements rather than prescriptive
restrictions on ingredients or cement
chemistry as in other cement specifications.

31. ASTM C1157
Type GU General Use
Type HE High early strength
Type MS Moderate sulfate resistance
Type HS High sulfate resistance
Type MH Moderate heat of hydration
Type LH Low heat of hydration

32. Applications for Commonly
Used Cements
 Check the local availability of specific cements
as all cements are not available everywhere.

33. Applications for Commonly Used Cements
Resistance
Moderate Moderate to Alkali-
Cement General High early Low heat of High sulfate
heat of Sulfate silica
Specifications Purpose strength hydration resistance
hydration resistance reactivity
(ASR)
ASTM C 150
II
(AASHTO M
(moderate Low alkali
85) I III IV II V
heat option
Portland
option)
Cements
ASTM C 595 IS(MS)
IS(MH)
(AASHTO M IS IP(MS)
IP(MH)
240) IP P(MS) Low
I(PM)
Blended I(PM) P(LH) I(PM) reactivity
(MH)
hydraulic I(SM) (MS) option
I(SM)
cements S, P I(SM)
(MH)
(MS)
ASTM C 1157
Hydraulic GU MH HE LH MS HS Option R
cements

34. Specialty Cements
 Expansive
 Regulated Set
 Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement
 White cement
 Masonry cement

35. Applications for Special Cements
Special Cements Type Application
White Portland cements, I, II, III, V White or colored concrete,
ASTM C 150 masonry, mortar, grout,
plaster, and stucco
White masonry cements M, S, N White mortar between
ASTM C 91 masonry units
Masonry cements M, S, N Mortar between masonry
ASTM C 91 units, plaster, and stucco
Mortar cements M, S, N Mortar between masonry
ASTM C 1329 units
Plastic cements M, S Plaster and stucco
ASTM C 1328

36. Applications for Special Cements
Special Cements Type Application
Expansive Cements E-1(K), E-1(M), E-1(S) Shrinkage compensating
ASTM C 845 concrete
Oil-well cements A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H Grouting wells
API-10
Water-repellent Tile grout, paint, and
Cements stucco finish coats
Regulated-set Early strength and repair
Cements

37. Expansive Cements
 ASTM C 845 designates three types
 Type E-1 K
 Type E-1 M
 Type E-1 S
 Type K is the most available
 Water curing is important
 Primarily used for industrial floors, has been
used successfully for bridge decks

38. Masonry Cements
Type N — for Type O
and Type N
mortars and
with portland
cement for
mortar Types
S and M
Type S — for Type S
mortar
Type M — for Type M
mortar

39. Stucco using Masonry or Plastic
Cements

40. Stucco using Masonry or Plastic
Cements
 Masonry cement and plastic cement are used
to make plaster or stucco for commercial,
institutional, and residential buildings.

41. White Cement
 Negligible amounts of iron and magnesium
 Manufactured to ASTM C 150 requirements
 Type I
 Type III
 Used in white or colored concrete
 Barriers and parapets
 Noise walls
 White roofs

42. White Concrete Barriers
 Photos on the next slide represent white
concrete barriers used on the Capital Beltway
located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. They were
roughly constructed in 1997.
 As you can see, these barriers are highly
visible, increasing safety for all drivers at time
of day.

43. White Concrete Barriers
Capital Beltway, PA 581 “The SAFEWAY”
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

44. Hydraulic Cement Specifications
Please return to Blackboard and watch the
following video:
 Video 1: Types of Portland Cement