Computer viruses are programs that replicate and spread like biological viruses. They can slow down systems, erase files, or crash computers by formatting disks. Viruses spread by attaching to other files and transferring via external drives or infected repair disks. There are several types of viruses like boot, polymorphic, macro, and worm viruses as well as Trojan horses. To prevent viruses, users should install antivirus software, regularly update it, be wary of email attachments, avoid unnecessary downloads, and only install registered software. Popular antivirus programs include Norton, McAfee, Avast, Quick Heal, and Panda.