This presentation discusses modeling as an approach to problem solving. It outlines the key steps in the problem solving process, which includes recognizing the problem, collecting information, defining the problem, searching for solutions, evaluating solutions, and implementing a solution. Modeling can play a role at various stages of this process. The presentation also discusses mental modeling, the features of models including decisions, outcomes, structure and data, and techniques for becoming an effective modeler such as understanding problem content, model structure, realization, assessment, and implementation. Creativity is also highlighted as an important skill for successful modeling.

1. Presentation by:

2.  Modeling is an approach that develops a better understanding of business situations.
 It is always seen as a part of a broader process.
 Broader process is a problem solving process.
 Any successful problem solving includes recognition of problem, solving it and implementation
of solution.
 Modeling is perhaps one of the many tools involved in that problem solving.
 Modelers can play different roles in the problem solving process such as:
1. End user
2. Team member
3. Independent consultant

3. To solve a problem the modelers and
managers should be capable enough. Their
work should have space for new
discoveries, disappointments and different
work styles. They should have experience
regarding the subject and they should pay
attention and time to their work.
For Solving a problem
firstly we have to
identify the problem in
a mess. So what is
mess? Mess is a
collection of unsettling
symptoms, causes,
data, pressures and
short falls.
Different solutions to
the same problem are
given which include
contradict and
comparison between
them. All the solutions
are brain storming and
provide end to
problem.

4. “The 6 steps
of problem
solving
process”
1
• Recognizing the mess and accepting
the responsibility of a problem
2
• Collecting information
3
• Defining the problem.
4
• Search for solutions
5
• Evaluating solutions
6
• Implementing a solution.

5. Recognizing the mess:
As problems do not come in a proper problem form. We our selves have to look in all
the mess of problems that where the actual problem exists in that mess.
Then we have to identify the problem and managers and modelers have to take the
responsibility of the problem and its solution.
This stage will be completed when we will produce a satisfactory description of the
situation. It’s key facts and data and some rough estimates.

6. Collecting information:
This step includes collecting all the information regarding the problem.
Opinions from people, data, published literature, impressions and everything that can
tell us what the problem actually is. We can also survey related companies that how
they overcome that problem.
In this step we use diagnostic skills, prioritizing and constructing diagrams or charts.
This stage will be completed when will gather all the regarding data.

7. Defining the problem:
In this step we will create 2-3 statements regarding the problem and choosing the
statement that is best defining the problem.
We check whether the problem fits in a standard problem type or we have to convert
problem into sub-problems.
This stage is completed when have produced a working problem statement that
identifies all the aspects of the problem.

8. Searching for solutions:
Possible strategies are considered. This is a critical stage of the problem solving
process.
All the aspects are clearly observed in this stage. E.g. the aspects like how we will
advertise? Or how will we make more product with the same investment? How to
increase customer rate? How to reduce declining profits? How to reduce the time to
market the product? Etc.
All the solutions of problems in the history are also regarded to gain experience for
solving the problem at its best.
The most effective strategy probably involves developing a portfolio of new drugs as
quickly and effectively as possible.

9. Evaluating solutions:
All the solutions are observe clearly and best solution is selected to the problem.
One of the most important criteria is identified and the evaluated solution should fulfill
that criteria. E.g. criteria's like increase in market share, months of development time
saved, increase in probability of FDA approval.
The overall goal is to ensure that the product used in modelling remains profitable in
the future even if the main drug goes off patent and its revenues are lost.

10. Implementation of the solution:
Solution is useless if it is not implemented. Political resistances, departures from
established tradition, high personal cost or risks are one of the many reasons why
apparently rational solutions cannot be implemented.
All the support & motivation areas or barriers & conflict areas are identified.
This stage is completed when we make successfully make an implementation plan. The
budget to the regarding implementation is made.
Off course the problem solving process do not just ends here a committee is made to
manage the implementation and impacts of implementation.

11.  Mental modelling is all the way used along with problem solving process. That is
the problem solvers construct quick , informal mental models at many different
points in the process.
 Mental modeling helps us in relating causes and effect in a highly simplified way.
 One of the source of debate on the topics such as global warming is that we all
use different mental models based on different assumptions for the outcomes.
 Mental models can be useful, even necessary when we have to think on different
aspects of a problem.
 E.g. our Pharmaceutical companies extensively use this mental modeling in
problem solving.
 Taken as a whole this modeling projects a stream of new drugs, determines the
price & market share for each drug and calculated the resulting profit.

12.  A model is an abstraction or simplification of the real world. It is a laboratory of an
artificial environment in which we can experiment and test ideas without the cost and of
experimenting with real systems. If we determine that modeling is an appropriate tool
then we move across an invisible boundary into the model world leaving behind all the
inessential detail and complexity of the model world. The process typically forces us to
confront four features of a model:
1. Decision
2. Outcomes
3. Structure
4. Data

13. 1) Decision
2) Outcomes 3) Structure
4) Data
This refers to the
possible choices or
actions that we
might take. These
are the controllable
variables such as
quantities to buy,
manufacture, spend
or sell.
Outcomes refers to the
consequences of the
decisions, the
performance
measures that we use
to evaluate the results
of taking action.
Examples might
include profit, cost &
efficiency.
Structures refer to the
mathematics that link the
elements of our model
together. A simple
example might be the
equation P= R – C in
which profit is calculated
as the difference between
the revenue and cost
Data refers to specific
numerical
assumptions. That
might mean actual
observations of real
world. Or it ay mean
estimates of key
uncontrollable
variables in a problem
solving environment.
The features of a model

14.  Good modelers can easily go move smoothly back and forth between the model world
and real world. To account for the real world complexities not captured in the real world
we need translating insights and derived crisp insights from the model.
 Modeling requires a willingness to temporarily set aside much of the richness of the
real world and to operate in the refined and artificial world of models and model
insights.
 Additionally it requires an ability to mix art with science in order to model a process with
its full potential.
 Modelling is one of the most powerful problem solving tool in the problem solver’s
toolkit.

15.  The best way to become a good modolor is to work under an expert one. But the experts find it difficult to
expertise or teach what they know.
 William was a person interested in determining the issues to which expert modelers devote attention as
they formulate their models. He identified five topics that modelers actually need to learn and
understand:
1. Problem content.
2. Model structure
3. Model realization.
4. Model assessment
5. Model implementation
 One thing common in all good modelers is that they don’t rush towards the solution, but patiently build
tentative models and are always ready for revise and improve.

16.  It is a powerful ingredient in successful problem solving. Creativity is instinctive and cannot be
learned. A person having good grip on creativity can easily grip over modelling. Creativity is
basically a set of thoughts from ordinary thoughts that make the work more reliable and
authentic.
 A myth about creativity is that creative ideas arise from a flash of inspiration but it is not true. It
is a god gifted quality that enhances your work and the essence of the work can go beyond the
boundaries of excellence by using creativity skills.
On one hand where creativity ensures better work
which is more authentic and workable, there are some
techniques to enhance creativity as well.

17.  There are many techniques developed by different individuals and groups to be more
creative . While there is no guarantee of becoming highly creative using these
techniques.
1. Making groups while working can help better sharing of ideas of creativity and hence
good creative works are ensured by making specific groups of people.
2. 2nd technique is the boundary examination. This can in uncovering the boundaries of
work and accept the challenge of working beyond the limits. This can uncover all the
aspects of work and can make you work better.
3. 3rd is the force-field analysis. This technique is used to identify the forces that might
move the situation under examination towards the best possible state.

18. Summary of this
presentation
o Effective modelling means effective problem solving process. Modeling
can be useful both in finding a good solution and in facilitating
communication. For using modelling we understand a problem and bring it
down to the solution by the techniques used in modelling. Different ideas
and different set of problem solving techniques are used. Mental modeling
is effectively used and using creativity in all this can make your work
crossing the limits of excellence. All this causes a successful modeling. All
the gained benefits of effective and successful modeling are used world
wide in many computational matters and business problem solving,