Computer managed instruction (CMI) is a system that uses computers and software to manage the instructional process and provide individualized learning experiences for students. CMI automates administrative tasks for instructors like grading, scheduling, and tracking student progress. It also individualizes instruction by basing each student's learning path and materials on their needs and achievement levels. CMI systems store student performance data, curricular objectives and materials, and generate reports to help instructors and students monitor progress. While CMI automates administrative functions, instructors still play an important role in tutoring students, providing feedback, and making decisions to support learning.

1. Computer managed instruction (CMI)
A system which can provide administrative support to
instructors for managing instructional materials and
activities.The use of computers and software to manage
the instructional process.CMI is the answer to educations
difficulties with individualisation.Computer-managed
instruction is an instructional strategy whereby the
computer is used to provide learning objectives, learning
resources, and assessmentof learner performance.
Computer-managed instruction (CMI) aids the instructor
in instructional management without actually doing the
teaching.
Definition
According to Radley (1986) Computer should be
used for enabling teachers to manage a learning
environment in which learning is tailored to fit each
students needs and progress is based upon
prescribed levels of achievement.

2. The computer performs various management
functions, such as testing, record keeping,
prescribing, and reporting.
Functions of CMI
1. CMI implementation can reduce instructor work
loads by automating tedious and routine functions
such as grading, scheduling, and keeping track of
resources.
2. CMI can be introduced in phases and adapted to
meet the needs and concerns of any particular
instructor or group of instructors.
3. CMI can be done with just one computer.
4. CMI provides an excellent way to organize and
integrate both CBI and traditional (off-line)
instructional materials.
5. CMI helps instructors and curriculum planners
determine curriculum needs.
6. CMI may be used for either individualized or

3. group instruction.
7. CMI can solve some problems posed by
incompatible software and hardware.
How is CMI is used
* Tracking student performance over a period of
time.
* Providing information concerning performance
trends.
* Recording individual and group performance data
Scheduling training.
* Scheduling training.
* Providing support for other training management
functions.
* Input and storage of student data (primarily test
scores and activities completed) Input and storage
of curricular data.
* Input and storage of curricular data (generally
objectives, test items linked to objectives, and

4. instructional materials or activities linked to
objectives).
* Retrieval and analysis of the data relating student
scores and activity to the curriculum data.
* Generation of various reports showing individual
or group progress and current status.
Role of teacher in CMI
1. The materials should be designed to present the
subject matter in small bits or steps to the student.
2. The materials should require the student to
actively respond to the subject matter by
constructing or selecting answers to questions
over each step.

5. 3. The student should receive immediate feedback
(or reinforcement) in the form of information about
the quality of this response.
4. The student should continue at his/her own rate
or pace through the instruction program.
5. Decision-making about appropriate instructional
activities and reinforcement contingence.
6. Monitoring students performance and progress,
supplying appropriate individual performance
feedback.
7. Engaging in individual student tutoring and
guidance when learning problem arise.
8. Advising students about subject-matter related
sources of information not available in the
curriculum, in both individual and group sessions.
9. Counselling and advising students about
appropriate strategies for attending to new
information and for constructing meaning from it.

6. 9. Diagnosing internal sources of students learning
problems, including their use of appropriate
cognitive process, learning strategies, motivational
process, and self-statement.
10. Decision-making about appropriate remediation
activities, strategies, and resources that are
matched to students learning needs.
11. Modelling the practical use of new information
and skills and the concept of personal responsibility
through individual and group tutorial sessions.
12. Modifying, as necessary, students inappropriate
attributions and perceptions about locus
ofresponsibility for learning.
Role of students in CMI
1. Students are expected to be attentive and
motivated.

7. 2. Students are expected to make learning
meaningful by the appropriate use of learning
strategies and skills.
3. Students are expected to practice personal
responsibility skills required for self-initiated
learning, self-directed learning and self-paced
learning.
4. Students are expected to interact effectively
with both their peers and their instructors.
Merits
1. Individilization of learning.
2. It is an innovative approach.
3. Expansibilty of resources.
4. Expansibilty of path.

8. 5. Tireless, unbiased teaching device for
instructional purpose.
6. The faultless reporting device.