The document discusses various components of computers including processors, memory, storage, networking, and backups. It covers options from Intel, AMD, and other processor manufacturers. Hard disks, RAM, cache memory, and other core components are explained. The importance of backups, UPS systems, and networking is emphasized. Various form factors like notebooks are also mentioned as useful tools. The document promotes investing in training, IT, and using technology for business advantages.

1. C H I P S & C H I P S
NEERAJ SABHARWAL
DIRECTOR
WYSETEK SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGISTS PVT.LTD.

2. Broadly speaking …
• PROCESSORS
• HARD DISK
• BACKUP
• UPS
• NETWORKING
• ADD-ONS
• FUTURE IS HERE TODAY

3. MICROPROCESSOR
• CONTROLS THE OPERATION OF THE
COMPUTER BY EXECUTING
INSTRUCTIONS
• MORE BITS IT CAN HANDLE AT A
TIME MORE POWERFUL IS THE
PROCESSOR
• PERFORMANCE OF THE PC DIRECTLY
RELATED TO THE SPEED OF THE
PROCESSOR

4. MICROPROCESSOR OPTIONS
1) INTEL
2) NON - INTEL

5. INTEL
• WORLD LEADER
• VIRTUAL MONOPOLY
• ENTIRE RANGE FROM ENTRY LEVEL,
POWER USER, WORKSTATION,
SERVER
• PENTIUM II, CELERON, ZEON ETC.

6. NON - INTEL
• BASICALLY INTEL COMPATIBLE
CHEAPER OPTIONS
• CYRIX, AMC ETC.
• OFTEN THEY OFFER BETTER VALUE
FOR MONEY

7. INTEL-PROCESSOR - P-II
• DYNAMIC EXECUTION, DIB, 512 K L2
CACHE
• SPEEDS 333, 350, 400, 450
• CHOOSE RIGHT CHIPSET
• FOR POWER USERS

8. INTEL CELERON PROCESSOR
• SCALE DOWN VERSION / CHEAPER
• FOR ENTRY LEVEL MACHINES
• TECHNICALLY L2 CACHE 128 KB
REST EVERYTHING SAME

9. CYRIX PROCESSOR
• MUCH LESSER PRICE FOR SAME
PERFORMANCE HENCE PRICE /
PERFORMANCE BETTER
• SOCKET 7 ( LIKE PENTIUM )
• PR 233 & M II 300
• MEDIA GX INCLUDES SOUND
PROCESSOR, DISPLAY CONTROLLER
& OPTION FOR TV OUT

10. AMD PROCESSOR
• SIMILAR TO CYRIX
• K6 AND K7

11. BRANDED V/S UNBRANDED
• What does this mean to you as a user?
• Does this mean that one is better than the
other?
• How?
• What is really cost effective solution for
your property and why?

12. SYSTEM DETAILS
• RAM
• CACHE MEMORY
• BIOS
• HDD
• DISPLAY CARDS
• MONITOR

13. RAM
• PROCESSOR USES THIS MEMORY AS A
SCRATCH PAD
• MORE THE MEMORY BETTER THE
PERFORMANCE
• MOUNTED IN FORM OF MODULES.
INITIALLY THEY WERE 30 & 72 PIN BUT
NOW THEY ARE 128 PIN
• TYPICALLY 16,32,64,128 MB PER MODULE
• TYPE OF CURRENTLY USED RAM IS SD
RAM ( PREVIOUSLY IT WAS EDO )

14. CACHE MEMORY
• INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN
PROCESSOR AND RAM
• MAKES MAJOR DIFFERENCE TO
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
• TWO TYPES :
• - INTERNAL TO THE CPU L1
• - EXTERNAL TO THE CPU L2

15. BIOS-BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM
• DOES POWER ON SELF TEST- POST
• RESPONSIBLE FOR INITIAL SETTINGS
OF ALL THE ELECTRONICS
• CONTAINS SMALL PROGRAMS
CALLED ROUTINES REQUIRED BY
PROCESSOR TO CONTROL DEVICES
• IT IS A ROM

16. HARD DISK DRIVES
• MOST COMMON STORAGE DEVICE
• IT CONSISTS OF MAGNETIC MEDIA AND
READ WRITE HEADS
• AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT CAPACITIES
2.1 / 4.3 / 6 / 8 /9 GIGA BYTES ( GB )
• VERY SOPHISTICATED & DELICATE
DEVICE.
• MOST SENSITIVE TO DUST, SHOCKS &
POWER PROBLEMS.

17. HARD DISK-IDE
• INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS
• HIGH PERFORMANCE
• UPTO 33 MB/SEC WITH TODAYS EIDE
UDMA
• UPTO 4 DRIVES IN A SYSTEM
• SUITED FOR DESKTOP / POWER
USERS ENTRY LEVEL SERVERS
• SEAGATE / QUANTUM / SAMSUNG
MAJOR PLAYERS

18. HARD DISK - SCSI
• HIGH PERFORMANCE MORE RELIABLE
• MORE DEVICES CAN BE CONNECTED
( UPTO 16 IN WIDE )
• MORE SUITED WHEN INTEGRATING WITH
OTHER DEVICES SUCH AS DAT DRIVES,
SCANNERS ETC.
• USED IN SERVERS, HIGHEND
WORKSTATIONS
• SEAGATE, IBM, QUANTUM

19. DISPLAY CARD
• TO DISPLAY THE INFORMATION ON
THE MONITOR ( SCREEN )
• CONTAINS ITS OWN MEMORY
• PCI VGA CARDS & AGP VGA CARDS
• HIGH END CARDS ( ACCELERATORS )
FOR MAXIMIZING DISPLAY
PERFORMANCE ARE ALSO
AVAILABLE

20. MONITORS
• 14”STANDARD SIZE ALSO
AVAILABLE 15”, 17”,19”, 21” ETC.
• SUPER VGA MONITORS CAPABLE OF
DISPLAYING 16 MILLION COLORS
• DIGITAL MONITORS - HAVE DIGITAL
CONTROLS
• NON INTERLACE MONITORS,
FLICKER FREE BETTER FOR EYES.
• SAMTRON, PHILIPS, VIEWSONIC
KNOWN BRANDS

21. BACKUP
• IMPORTANCE OF BACKUP
• HARDWARE CAN BE REPAIRED /
REPLACED
• SOFTWARE CAN BE RECONFIGURED /
REINSTALLED
• DATA ONCE LOST CANNOT BE
RECOVERED
• HENCE ALL THE TIME AND EFFORT IS
LOST
• DATA IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE RESOURCE
• MUST BE BACKEDUP

22. BACKUP
• STRATEGIES
• DAILY - INCREMENTAL
• - DIFFERENTIAL / FULL
• DEVICE
• TAPE DRIVES
• DAT DRIVES
• CD WRITERS
• ZIP DRIVES
• JAZZ DRIVES
• SOFTWARE
• UNATTENDED / ONLINE / FAST
• BACKUPS

23. UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY ( UPS )
• WHY DO WE NEED ONE
• POWER PROBLEMS ARE LARGEST SINGLE
CAUSE OF DATA LOSS 15 TIMES MORE
FREQUENT THAN VIRUS.
• POWER PROBLEMS ARE LARGEST SINGLE
CAUSE OF COMPUTER DOWNTIME
• ACCORDING TO SURVEY DONE BY IBM
EVERY COMPUTER FACES 120 POWER
DISTURBANCES PER MONTH

24. UPS - INDIAN SCENARIO
• MUMBAI POWER ONCE CONSIDERED
VERY CLEAN IS NO LONGER SO.
• OUTSIDE MUMBAI ITS EVER WORSE
DESPERATE UNDER VOLTAGE /
OVER VOLTAGE

25. UPS
• For Server at least
• Power conditioning
• - Gujarat
• - Maharashtra
• - Goa

26. UPS-SELECTING THE RIGHT UPS
• SIZING THE UPS ACCORDING TO VA
REQUIRED
• CHOOSING RIGHT MODEL EG.
• APC BACKPRO FOR NODES
• APC SMART FOR SERVER
• APC SMART UXI FOR EXTENDED
RUNTIME

27. NETWORKING
• NETWORKING OS
• ACTIVE COMPONENTS
• CABLING

28. NETWORKING OS
• RUNS ON THE MAIN MACHINE (SERVER) &
CONTROLS THE ENTIRE NETWORK
• DOES ALL OPERATION REQUIRED TO
SHARE THE RESOURCES LIKES FILES,
DATA, PRINTERS & OTHER HARDWARE &
SOFTWARE COMPONENTS.
• TWO OPTION WINDOWS NT & NOVELL
• NETWARE, UNTIL FEW YEARS BACK
NETWARE WAS THE STANDARD

29. NETWORKING OS - NT
• SIMPLICITY ADMINISTRATION & USE
• MULTIPROCESSOR & CROSS PLATFORM
SUPPORT
• BETTER INTEGRATION WITH INTERNET
• INBUILT FACILITIES SUCH AS RAS
• TIGHTER INTEGRATION WITH
MICROSOFTS OWN PRODUCTS
• DATABASE - SQL SERVER
• MESSAGING - EXCHANGE SERVER
• INTERNET - INTERNET INFO SRV

30. NETWORKING OS - NETWARE
• STILL THE FASTEST FILE & PRINT
SERVER
• VERY STABLE & RELIABLE
• VERY RECENTLY TRYING TO MATCH
NT FEATURE BY FEATURE -
NETWARE 5

31. CABLING
• STRUCTURED CABLING
• OFFERS GREAT FLEXIBILITY
• OFFERS PERFORMANCE & STABILITY
• FUTURE PROOF

32. CABLING - UTP
• CHEAPER &MOST POPULAR OPTION
• GOOD ENOUGH FOR GENERAL
CONDITIONS
• CAT5 FOR 100 MBPS & CAT6 FOR 1
GBPS NETWORKING
• LUCENT ( AT&T ) IS THE MOST
POPULAR BRAND

33. CABLING STP
• SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
• EXPENSIVE
• MORE SUITED FOR AREAS PRONE TO
INTERFERENCE POWER
• SIEMENS, IBM
• REMEMBER PROPER EARTHING IS
VERY CRITICAL

34. ACTIVE COMPONENTS
• 10 MBPS HUBS
• TODAY SLOWLY MIGRATING TO 100
MBPS
• SWITCHING IS BECOMING POPULAR
SPECIALLY FOR HEAVY NETWORKS

35. OTHER HARDWARE OPTIONS
• FAX MODEMS
• SCANNERS
• SWIPE CARDS
• ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

36. FAX MODEMS
• INTERNET & EMAIL
• NETWORK BASED FAXING
• REMOTE LOGIN / CONTROL -
PCANYWHERE
• REMOTE MANAGEMENT

37. SCANNERS
• IMAGE SCANNING FOR ADING
VALUE
• OCR - TOWARDS PAPER LESS OFFICE

38. SWIPE CARDS
• DEBIT / CREDIT CARDS
• ACCESS CONTROL
• ATTENDENCE SYSTEM
• AUTOMATIC PAYROLL

39. Future is here today...
• TOUCH TECHNOLOGY
• LCD DISPLAY
• DIGITAL CAMERAS

40. NOTEBOOK PC AS A TOOL
• HOW USEFUL TO CEO?
• UTILITY WITH CONVENIENCE AND
CONTROL AT YOUR FINGER TIPS
• PC ANYWHERE - REMOTE CONTROL
FOR OWNERS

41. LEGAL SOFTWARE
• ANTI-VIRUS PROTECTION
• LICENSES FOR LEGAL SOFTWARE
• e.g. MICROSOFT WINDOWS, OFFICE,
NOVELL, WINDOWS - NT & ANY
OTHER LICENSE REQUIRED

42. PROFITABLE INVESTMENTS
• TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• BETTER PMS PACKAGES
• MORE MIS REPORTS & ANALYSIS
• INTERNET & THE WEB
• ALL THIS WITH BETTER PEOPLE