This document discusses comparatives and superlatives in English. It explains that comparatives are used to compare two things, using suffixes like -er or more, while superlatives compare more than two things using suffixes like -est or most. It provides examples of common comparative and superlative structures. It also notes some irregular forms and additional phrases involving comparatives and superlatives. Exercises are included for practice forming comparatives and superlatives.

1. COMPARATIVES
AND
SUPERLATIVES

2. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
• Comparatives: When you compare between two things.
• Superlatives: When you compare between more than
two things.

3. COMPARATIVES
• In comparatives we use adjective + er / r(end with e) /
ier(end with y):
London is larger than Paris.
Cambridge university is older than New York university.
The Neptune is bigger than the earth.
This phone is newer than my phone.
Mike is happier than John.

4. COMPARATIVES
• With two syllabled and longer adjectives, we use more +
adjective for comparatives.
It's more amazing than it used to be.
Jack family are more boring than my family.
Tiger is more dangerous than Chicken.

5. SUPERLATIVES
• In superlatives we use the + adjective + est / st(end with
e) / iest(end with y):
Tokyo is the largest city in the world.
Bologna university is the oldest university in the world.
The Jupitar is the biggest.
This phone is the newest.
I'm the happiest person on earth.

6. SUPERLATIVES
• With two syllabled and longer adjectives, we use the +
most + adjective for comparatives:
The most interesting building is the castle.
China is the most crowded city in the world.
Snake is the most dangerous.

7. NOTE
• There are some irregular adjectives:
I. Good -> Better -> Best.
II. Bad -> Worse -> Worst.
III. Many -> More -> Most.
IV. Far -> Farther(Further) -> Farthest(Furthest).

8. LARGE AND SMALL DIFFERENCES
• For large differences, we can use far, much or a lot +
comparatives adjective:
Russia is much bigger than Qatar.
• For small differences, we can use a little, a little bit or
slightly + comparatives adjective:
Spain is a bit smaller than France.

9. SUPERLATIVE COMMON PHRASES
• With superlative, we often use by far the/one of the/the
least/the second/third etc. + superlative adjective:
Brazil by far the largest country in south America.
Baghdad is one of the oldest cities in the world.
This way is the least expensive way to get to the airport.
Birmingham is the second biggest city in England.

10. OTHER WAYS OF MAKING COMPARISON
• Not as … as:
Silver isn't as expensive as gold.
• Comparing two things which are the same:
Susan is as tall as her mother.
• Less:
Petrol is less expensive than it is in Europe.
• Comparing with nouns:
Roma has more historic building than any city I know.
There's less space in this room than in the other one.

11. OTHER WAYS OF MAKING COMPARISON
• Other expression:
I. If the two things nearly the same.
Their new car is very similar to their old one.
II. If there is no difference between the two thing.
His watch is exactly the same as mine.
III. If there is a small difference between the two things.
My new phone is slightly different from the previous one.
IV. If there is a big difference between the two things.
The new stadium is completely different from the old one.

12. EXERCISE 1
• Replace the underlined word with the correct word.
1. He isn’t as intelligent like his sister.
2. The question isn’t quiet as easy as the last one.
3. Life here is less expensive than in the city.
4. People seem to have fewer time than they used to.
5. The new library look similar than the old one.
6. The two designs are complete different.
7. The school is very different as the old one.
8. This big is exact the same as yours.

13. EXERCISE 1 SOLUTION
1. (as)
2. (quite)
3. (less)
4. (less)
5. (to)
6. (completely)
7. (from)
8. (exactly)

14. EXERCISE 2
• Complete the sentences with the words
(bit/by/lot/much/one/slightly).
1. Tony is ----- far the most talented player we’ve got.
2. Danny is ------ of the best musician in the country.
3. The trip is only ----- more expensive if you travel first class.
4. Since they moved to the new house they have been ----- happier.
5. Tomorrow weather will be just a little ----- cooler than today .
6. Monica is a ----- more relaxed since her holiday.

15. EXERCISE 2 SOLUTION
1. (by)
2. (one)
3. (slightly)
4. (much)
5. (bit)
6. (lot)