The document discusses the roles and functions of community health nurses. It begins by defining key terms related to community health nursing such as community, public health, and rural and urban communities. It then outlines the historical development of community health nursing from ancient civilizations to modern eras. The major roles of community health nurses are described as clinicians, educators, managers, leaders, researchers, and advocates. Specific examples are provided for how nurses fulfill these roles through home visits, programs, and the nursing process of assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation.
To accomplish community health goals and its aims the following approaches are to be utilized by community health professionals:-
1)persuasive approach 2)enforcement 3)team approach 4)community involvement 5)Intersectorial approach
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To accomplish community health goals and its aims the following approaches are to be utilized by community health professionals:-
1)persuasive approach 2)enforcement 3)team approach 4)community involvement 5)Intersectorial approach
For adventurous travel blog please visit http://wilsontom.blogspot.com
This presentation contains ;-
1. Definition of community
2. Definition of health
3. definition of nursing
4. Causes of poor health
5. Definition of community health nursing
6. Types of communities
7. community health
8. Public health
9. Aims of public health
10. Aims of community health nurse
11. Objectives of community health nursing
12. Principles of community health nursing
13. Function of community health nurse
14. The mission of community health nursing
15. concepts of health
16. components of community health nursing
17. Scope of community health nursing
18. Community health nursing roles
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
This presentation contains ;-
1. Definition of community
2. Definition of health
3. definition of nursing
4. Causes of poor health
5. Definition of community health nursing
6. Types of communities
7. community health
8. Public health
9. Aims of public health
10. Aims of community health nurse
11. Objectives of community health nursing
12. Principles of community health nursing
13. Function of community health nurse
14. The mission of community health nursing
15. concepts of health
16. components of community health nursing
17. Scope of community health nursing
18. Community health nursing roles
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
An overly wordy look at the impact of the Sandinista revolution in NIcaragua and its impact of health care and health care policy. Created for ANTH216 class I'm teaching, New slideset this year so will likely undergo some revision in the future.
Unit-IV introduction to CHN m.sc I year.pptxanjalatchi
Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing practice applied in promoting and preserving the health of the population. Community health implies integration of curative, preventive and promotional health services. The aim of community diagnosis is the identification of community health problems
Community services presentation on slide sharedishasoni30
This presentation gives the description about the community services to the village people and role and functions of community health centres and how they implement the national government programs in the village and those are very beneficial to them specially for pregnant women and their children.
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING...Kailash Nagar
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion...Kailash Nagar
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion on Respiratory Assessment in Terms of Knowledge and Critical Thinking Abilities Among Nursing Students
Perception and Behavioural Outcome towards COVID-19 Vaccine among Students an...Kailash Nagar
ntroduction: Perception and behaviour towards corona vaccine among peoples in India was poor due to some side effects and negative media publicity in primary phases of vaccination. India has developed two types of vaccine (Covaxin and Covishield). During primary phase of corona vaccine we don’t have appropriate research and literature, about side effects and how far vaccine is reliable that why due so some minor side effect and negative media publicity peoples are very scared to take vaccine. So few peoples were started denial get vaccinated. The researcher wan to explore the positivity through the research result to reduce the negative mindset of the peoples toward corona vaccine, Because in India few peoples has fear to take vaccine against corona due to negative media publicity and scared of side effect.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
1. PRESENTED BY,
MR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD
2. Community:
2
• A social group of any size whose members
reside in a specific locality, share government,
and often have a common cultural and
historical heritage
• Or
• is a social group determined geographical
boundaries and or common values and interest
its member know and interact each other.
3. COMMUNITY
3
a group of people living in the same place or
having a particular characteristic in common.
community refers to a collection of people who
interact with one another and whose common
interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense
of unity or belonging.
4. Community health nursing
4
• Community health nursing is synthesis of
nursing practice and public health practice
applied to promoting and preserving the
health of population.
5. COMMIUNITY
HEALTH
5
Community Health is a discipline concerned
with the study and improvement of the health
different communities.
tends to focus on
characteristics
Community
geographical
of
health
areas, and includes primary,
secondary and tertiary healthcare.
6. PUBLIC HEALTH
• (whether public or private) to prevent disease,
promote health, and prolong life among the
population as a whole. Its activities aim to
provide conditions in which people can be
healthy and focus on entire populations, not
on individual patients or diseases.
• Public Health includes community health.
Public health is "the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life and
promoting health through the organized efforts
and informed choices of society, organizations,6
Public health refers to all organized measures
7. Cont…
7
It is concerned with threats to health based on
population health analysis. Public health
incorporates the interdisciplinary approaches of
epidemiology, biostatistics and health services,
environmental health, community health,
behavioural health, health economics, public
policy, insurance medicine and occupational
health (respectively occupational medicine) are
other important subfields.
A CH service might be responsible for delivery of a
range of interventions in a local community, while the
PH Service might be involved at a policy level
looking at quality of water, traffic calming, or budgets
for drugs.
8. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
8
Community health nursing is to “assist the
Individual, family and community in attaining
their highest level of holistic health. To provide
and promote healthy life style choices through
education, public awareness and community
activities.”
9. 9
URBAN & RURAL COMMUNITIES
Rural community is a society that is in a rural
area ( country side ). An urban community is a
society that is in an urban area ( town or city )
10. URBAN COMMUNITY
An Urban Community is a big city or town. It is
considered an Urban Community if there are more
than 2,500 people living in the community. Urban
communities are often busy and crowded. Normally,
the city is the most central location in a region. It is
also referred to as downtown. In an Urban
Community there are many buildings, houses, and
people. People often live close together.
11
11. RURAL COMMUNITY
an area outside of cities and towns;
According to the US Census Bureau, a rural community is
one that does not qualify as an urban community.
Specifically, if a territory has more than 2,500 people
per square mile, it is defined as urban. Areas with less
than 2,500 would then be considered rural.
12
13. HEALTH
13
“a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity”
“World Health Organization”
ILLNESS:
A highly personal state in which the person feels
unhealthy, may or may not related to disease.
14. WELLNESS
14
An integrated method of functioning which is
oriented toward maximizing the potential of
which the individual is capable.
OR
an active process by which an
progresses towards maximum
individual
potential
possible, regardless of current state of health
15. Historical Development of
Community Health
Nursing
15
The modern concept of community health and
welfare is one which has taken many centuries
to evolve. All ancient civilization particularly
Egypt, India and China developed their own
specific team of medicine.
16. Historical Development of
Community Health
Nursing
16
• Egypt appeared to have been the first and the
best in the field that had a fully developed
medical system by 3000BC.
• China appeared around 450 BC.
• Indian system of medicine around 200BC
17. In modern period changes in development of
medicine and public health under different stages.
17
• Empirical health era
• Basic science era
• Clinical science era
• Public health science era
• Political science era
(1800-1850)
(1850-1900)
(1900-1950)
(1950-1975)
(1975-2000)
18. 18
Public Health Science Era (1950-1975)
In this period preventive oriented approach
started. Now it is being called an era of the
community centered approach.
19. Political Health Science Era (1975-2000)
19
In this period the involvement of the
community leaders and the members of
the health program was practiced stage
by stage.
20. Early Home Care Stage (before mid 1800s)
20
1. Focus: Sick poor
2. Nursing orientation: individuals
3. Service: curative
4. Agencies: Lay & religious orders
(St. Phoebe)
21. District Nursing (mid 1800-1900s)
21
1. Focus: Sick poor
2. Nursing orientation: Individuals
3. Service: Curative/preventative
4. Agencies: Voluntary & some government
(Willium Rathbone)
22. Public Health Nursing (1900-1970)
22
i. Focus: needy public
ii. Nursing orientation: families
iii. Service: Curative/preventative.
Iv.Agencies: Voluntary & some voluntary
(Lilliam Wald)
23. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)
23
i. Focus: total community
ii. Nursing orientation: population
iii. Service: health promotion, illness prevention
iv.Agencies: many kinds, some independent practice
(Ruth Freedman)
24. Development of public health in indo-Pakistan
24
1802- Vaccination started
1827- Vaccinators appointed
1875- Superintendent- general of vaccination Punjab
1880- Small pox vaccination Vs small pox inoculation
(injection)
25. Development of public health in indo-Pakistan
25
1859- Royal commission focus curative care
but formation of local bodies 1888 looks after senators
1896- Plague
1904- Plague commission-strengthen PH services
1919- Reforms (improvement) government of India health
transferred to provinces
26. Development of public health in indo-Pakistan
26
1946- Bhore committee-health survey
→ Health as basic human right
→ Preventive importance
→ Health care accessible
→ Community participation
→ Development of primary and secondary unit
27. Development of public health in Pakistan
27
Starting with Bhore report- poor condition
1947-1951
1958
-start with five years plans, opening
of medical and nursing school,
laboratory of medications.
-revolutionary (new) government of
Pakistan focused as preventive
health was linked with Socio-
economical care.
- Many vertical programs existed.
28. Development of public health
Pakistan
28
1978- HFA-2000 basic health science, PHC, RHC,
- Increase horizontal program
-School health, training, and other activities
took birth, health care workers
32. General roles Cont…
32
• Clinician/Care provider (Functional role)
In community health practice, providing nursing care
is different than in hospitals. This is because the target of
service expands beyond the individual to include
families, groups, and communities.
33. 33
• Functional role:
• Case finding and referral of needed cases.
• Complete history taken about each individual.
• Assist in any examination done.
• Know the first aid measures to implement it in
emergency.
• Know the health services available in the
community and use the system of referral when
needed.
34. Cont..
34
Community health nurse provides care in following
forms:
• Provide Geriatric care
• Provide antenatal and post natal care
• Provide Neonatal care
• Conduct the deliveries in the communities
35. General role Cont…
35
• Provide formal exercises to the bed ridden
individuals having paralysis
• Provides the first aid
• Provide nursing procedures like cold sponging
if fever is observed in any member of family in
community
• Wound dressing
• Treats minor illnesses
36. 36
• Educator:
Health teaching is part of good nursing care and
one of the major functions of the community
health nurse, mainly concerned with health
promotion.
37. Educator role Cont…
37
• As educator, community health nurse focus on
the following teaching:
• Educates individuals, family and community for
the principles and techniques of proper
prevention of communicable diseases
38. Health educator Cont…
38
• She teaches about the proper diet in quantity and
quality
• Teaches the personal, family and community
hygiene
• Teaches the handling of first aid techniques for
emergencies like snake bite
• Trains the traditional birth Attendants for normal
delivery and delivery in communities.
39. Manager role
39
Cont…
• Organizes and manages various programs of
health and assume leadership of nursing team for
supervision of nursing and other staff.
To manage resources for health programs
and implement them effectively in the
community.
FINANCING
STAFFING
40. Role conti….
40
• Leader
• Community health work in the community
Guide them towards better health as leader.
• Researcher
The researcher's role is an integral part of the
community health nursing practice.
The researcher's role at all levels helps to determine
needs, evaluate effectiveness of care and develop
theoretical basis for community health nursing.
41. 41
• Role in research and evaluation:
• Help in evaluating the health program.
• Must have knowledge about how to keep
records related to the people who utilize the
clinic.
• She must complete the questionnaire for
purpose of accurate study.
• Analysis and evaluation of nursing practices to
fulfill the statistical survey.
42. THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE
IN THE CLINIC:
42
• Administrative role:
• Participate in the organization of health
program in the institution.
• Delegation of work.
• Plan of work hours.
• Cooperation with other health members.
• Systematic gathering of information for
evaluation.
43. 43
• Supervisory role:
• Understanding the policy of her agent.
• Supervise the function of her staff.
• Give in-service education program to the other
health team.
• Guides group discussion with staff.
• Guides her staff to overcome their difficulties
in work.
44. 44
• Advocate:
To speak in the community. She participates the
district Govt meeting and talks to
administration for the favor of talks for solution
of health care, social and financial problems
available in her constituency.
45. 45
APPLYING THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSE ACCORDING TO NURSING PROCESS
(role in home visit)
1.Assessment:
• Identifying the needs of the family before
making the visit. By analyzing data available in
the family records, know all family members;
whether there are any children, if so, what are
their ages; what the health problems of this
family are; the environment of the house. Then
actual visit.
46. 46
2. Planning:
• Planning can be short term or long term, and
interventions can be implemented immediately
over a long period of time.
• Short term plans are those which can be met in
a few weeks time whereas long term plans are
accomplished over many weeks or perhaps
months or years.
47. 47
• In planning, the following are done:
– Setting the goal / objectives for the visit.
– Identifying the needs and health problems of the family.
– Specifying the actions to be carried out by the nurse during
the home visit e.g. health teaching about nutrition,
– Select proper place and time for carrying the visit.
– Prepare necessary equipment, instruments and material
which the nurse will need during the home visit i.e. cotton,
eye drops, etc.
48. 3.
Implementation:
48
During the home visit, the nurse should:
Identify the traditions & customs and healthful practices of the
family.
Use effective therapeutic communication.
Use audiovisual materials in teaching, also available home
utensils and materials.
Emphasize to the family that this visit was made for them.
49. 49
Cont….
Tie the family with the center. Explain services
offered.
Answer questions rose from family members
clearly.
Do not record any word said by family
members in front of them.
4. Evaluation:
• Evaluate whether the objectives were fulfilled
or not. If not, should know the reasons and
correct it.