Communication media
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Communication media
This document discusses different types of communication media, including guided and unguided media. Guided media includes physical transmission paths like twisted pair wire cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Twisted pair cable uses two copper wires twisted together to transmit signals and is inexpensive but has limited bandwidth. Coaxial cable has better data transmission but is more expensive. Fiber optic cable can transmit large amounts of data over long distances but installation is costly. Unguided media transmits signals through radio waves, microwaves, or infrared without a physical path. Radio waves have low frequency while microwaves provide multiple channels but require line of sight. Infrared works well over short distances and is used in devices like TV remotes.
Data communication
Data communications (DC) is the process of using computing and communication technologies to transfer data from one place to another, and vice versa. It enables the movement of electronic or digital data between two or more nodes, regardless of geographical location, technological medium or data contents.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
Telecommunication
This document provides an overview of telecommunication topics including:
- Defining telecommunication as the transmission of information using technology over physical or electromagnetic channels.
- Explaining that a telecommunications network connects nodes to enable communication between terminals using circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching.
- Describing the main types of communication networks as wide area, local area, virtual private, client/server, and peer-to-peer.
- Contrasting analog and digital transmission methods.
- Defining network architecture, communications protocols, and the 7-layer OSI model for standardizing network communication functions.
Introduction to network
Networks connect two or more computers using various mediums like cables or wireless signals. They allow for sharing of files, data, and applications between systems without needing to physically transfer anything. Networks can be configured in a client-server model where some computers act as servers providing resources and other computers act as clients accessing those resources. Alternatively, networks can use a peer-to-peer model where each computer both acts as a client and server, allowing all systems to share directly. Networks can operate within a single location or span multiple geographic areas. Hardware like network interface cards and cables form the physical infrastructure while networking software manages communication and resource sharing.
protocols and types of protocols.
contents
Protocol
Types of protocol
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
internet protocol (IP)
Hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP)
Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
File transfer protocol (FTP)
Layers
protocol:-A protocol is a set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and computer or between two computers. Think of protocol as a sort of recommunication agreement about the form in which a message or data is to be sent and receipt is to be acknowledge.
transmission control protocol(TCP):-This protocol ensures the delivery of information packets across network.
internet protocol (IP):-This important protocol is responsible for providing logical addressing called IP address to route information between networks.
hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP):- This protocol is used to access, send and receive Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files on the Internet.
simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP):-This protocol is used for transferring email between computers.
file transfer protocol(FTP):-FTP is responsible for allowing file to be copied between devices.
layers:-In computer programming, layering is the organization of programming into separate functional components that interact in some sequential and hierarchical way, with each layer usually having an interface only to the layer above it and the layer below it.
thankyou.
Types of computer network
There are several types of computer networks:
- Local area networks (LANs) connect devices within a small geographic area like a home or office using technologies like Ethernet or WiFi.
- Metropolitan area networks (MANs) connect devices within a city using technologies like DSL or cable.
- Wide area networks (MANs) connect LANs over long distances using technologies like leased phone lines or satellites.
Local area network
This document discusses local area networks (LANs) and the use of fiber optic cables in LAN architecture. It describes different LAN topologies including bus, ring, star and their implementations. It compares fiber optic cables favorably to copper cables, noting fiber's higher bandwidth, reliability and longer transmission distances. The document also discusses specific ring-based standards like FDDI that use fiber optic cables to interconnect lower-speed LANs or mainframe computers at speeds up to 100 Mbps. Overall, the document promotes the use of fiber optic cables in LANs for their benefits over copper in supporting growing bandwidth demands.
Data communication and communication Media
Data communication involves transmitting data from one location to another using transmission media. It requires a message, sender, receiver, medium/communication channel, and encoder/decoder. Communication media refers to the means of delivering and receiving data, including wired media like coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and fiber optic cable, and wireless media like microwaves, satellite, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Wired communication uses physical connections like cables while wireless uses technologies like radio frequencies.
Recommended
Communication media
This document discusses different types of communication media, including guided and unguided media. Guided media includes physical transmission paths like twisted pair wire cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Twisted pair cable uses two copper wires twisted together to transmit signals and is inexpensive but has limited bandwidth. Coaxial cable has better data transmission but is more expensive. Fiber optic cable can transmit large amounts of data over long distances but installation is costly. Unguided media transmits signals through radio waves, microwaves, or infrared without a physical path. Radio waves have low frequency while microwaves provide multiple channels but require line of sight. Infrared works well over short distances and is used in devices like TV remotes.
Data communication
Data communications (DC) is the process of using computing and communication technologies to transfer data from one place to another, and vice versa. It enables the movement of electronic or digital data between two or more nodes, regardless of geographical location, technological medium or data contents.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
Telecommunication
This document provides an overview of telecommunication topics including:
- Defining telecommunication as the transmission of information using technology over physical or electromagnetic channels.
- Explaining that a telecommunications network connects nodes to enable communication between terminals using circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching.
- Describing the main types of communication networks as wide area, local area, virtual private, client/server, and peer-to-peer.
- Contrasting analog and digital transmission methods.
- Defining network architecture, communications protocols, and the 7-layer OSI model for standardizing network communication functions.
Introduction to network
Networks connect two or more computers using various mediums like cables or wireless signals. They allow for sharing of files, data, and applications between systems without needing to physically transfer anything. Networks can be configured in a client-server model where some computers act as servers providing resources and other computers act as clients accessing those resources. Alternatively, networks can use a peer-to-peer model where each computer both acts as a client and server, allowing all systems to share directly. Networks can operate within a single location or span multiple geographic areas. Hardware like network interface cards and cables form the physical infrastructure while networking software manages communication and resource sharing.
protocols and types of protocols.
contents
Protocol
Types of protocol
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
internet protocol (IP)
Hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP)
Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
File transfer protocol (FTP)
Layers
protocol:-A protocol is a set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and computer or between two computers. Think of protocol as a sort of recommunication agreement about the form in which a message or data is to be sent and receipt is to be acknowledge.
transmission control protocol(TCP):-This protocol ensures the delivery of information packets across network.
internet protocol (IP):-This important protocol is responsible for providing logical addressing called IP address to route information between networks.
hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP):- This protocol is used to access, send and receive Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files on the Internet.
simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP):-This protocol is used for transferring email between computers.
file transfer protocol(FTP):-FTP is responsible for allowing file to be copied between devices.
layers:-In computer programming, layering is the organization of programming into separate functional components that interact in some sequential and hierarchical way, with each layer usually having an interface only to the layer above it and the layer below it.
thankyou.
Types of computer network
There are several types of computer networks:
- Local area networks (LANs) connect devices within a small geographic area like a home or office using technologies like Ethernet or WiFi.
- Metropolitan area networks (MANs) connect devices within a city using technologies like DSL or cable.
- Wide area networks (MANs) connect LANs over long distances using technologies like leased phone lines or satellites.
Local area network
This document discusses local area networks (LANs) and the use of fiber optic cables in LAN architecture. It describes different LAN topologies including bus, ring, star and their implementations. It compares fiber optic cables favorably to copper cables, noting fiber's higher bandwidth, reliability and longer transmission distances. The document also discusses specific ring-based standards like FDDI that use fiber optic cables to interconnect lower-speed LANs or mainframe computers at speeds up to 100 Mbps. Overall, the document promotes the use of fiber optic cables in LANs for their benefits over copper in supporting growing bandwidth demands.
Data communication and communication Media
Data communication involves transmitting data from one location to another using transmission media. It requires a message, sender, receiver, medium/communication channel, and encoder/decoder. Communication media refers to the means of delivering and receiving data, including wired media like coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and fiber optic cable, and wireless media like microwaves, satellite, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Wired communication uses physical connections like cables while wireless uses technologies like radio frequencies.
Computer network & communication answer
Computer networks allow interconnected computers and devices to share information and resources. They transmit digital data through physical transmission mediums like cables or wirelessly. Protocols define communication standards to minimize errors. Popular uses of networks include e-business, online education, and remote communication, which have benefited society through increased access and lower costs.
Coaxial cable by alina baber
Coaxial cable consists of an inner conductor surrounded by insulating material, surrounded by a conductive shield. It carries higher frequency signals than twisted pair cable. The inner conductor is usually copper, surrounded by insulating material and then a conductive shield, with an outer plastic jacket. Data is transmitted through the inner conductor while the shield protects against noise and serves as a ground. Coaxial cable standards define specifications like conductor gauge and thickness. Common types include thinnet for Ethernet and thicknet for longer Ethernet runs. Coaxial cable is used for cable TV, computer networks, and connecting devices like ham radios and measurement equipment.
Computer network ppt communication
This document discusses computer networks and their types. It defines a computer network as a set of interconnected computers that share resources like internet access. The document outlines different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), personal area networks (PANs), client-server networks, and peer-to-peer networks. It also discusses various network topologies such as bus, star, ring, mesh and tree configurations.
The transmission media
Transmission media enable computers and other devices to communicate by transmitting signals carrying information. There are two main types: guided media, which uses physical paths like cables, and unguided media, which transmits electromagnetic waves through air. Characteristics of transmission media that impact communication quality include bandwidth, interference levels, and transmission impairments like attenuation and distortion. Common guided media include twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables, while common unguided media include radio, microwave, and satellite transmissions. The choice of transmission medium depends on factors like data transmission needs, costs, and installation considerations.
Transmission media (data communication)
Transmission media is the material pathway that connects computers, different kinds of devices and people on a network. It can be compared to a superhighway carrying lots of information. Transmission media uses cables or electromagnetic signals to transmit data.
Lan, man and wan ppt final
A computer network connects autonomous computers that can exchange information. A local area network (LAN) connects computers within a small geographic area like a building using technologies like Ethernet. A metropolitan area network (MAN) extends across a city using technologies like fiber optics. A wide area network (WAN) connects computers across large geographic areas like countries using technologies like leased lines.
Types of-networks
There are several types of computer networks depending on their geographical reach: local area networks (LANs) which connect devices within a building or home; metropolitan area networks (MANs) which span a city or large campus; wide area networks (WANs) which connect LANs over long distances like countries or continents; and personal area networks (PANs) which connect devices within a few meters of an individual. LANs use twisted pair cable or WiFi to link devices for resource sharing at speeds up to 10 Gbps, while MANs and WANs transmit data over phone lines or wireless links to connect larger regions. PANs allow communication between devices in close proximity, either directly or through a larger network
Guided and unguided media
Guided media uses physical cabling to guide transmission signals along a specific path and includes twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Twisted pair cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together, and can be unshielded or shielded. Coaxial cable contains two conductors separated by insulation. Fiber optic cable transmits information using pulses of light through glass cores. Unguided media uses electromagnetic waves to transmit without cabling through radio waves, microwaves, or infrared signals broadcast through free space. Radio waves can travel long distances, microwaves require line-of-sight and focused antennas, while infrared works for short-range indoor use.
Communication medium
Communication media refers to the paths used to transmit data from one place to another. There are two main types of communication media: guided and unguided. Guided media, also called bounded media, uses physical connections like cables to directly link communication devices. Common examples of guided media include twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. Unguided media, also known as wireless media, transmits data through the air using antenna without physical connections.
Intranet and extranet
1. An intranet is a private internal network that uses internet technologies like HTML and TCP/IP and is only accessible to authorized members of an organization. It provides collaboration and communication tools.
2. An extranet extends an organization's intranet to external partners, suppliers, and customers. It uses the same internet technologies and security measures as an intranet.
3. Both intranets and extranets provide advantages like low costs, easy access to information, and improved communication and collaboration. However, they also pose security and information overload risks that must be managed.
Introduction to optical fiber
Optical fibers are thin strands of glass that carry light signals for communication. They have a core surrounded by cladding and a protective coating. Optical fibers use total internal reflection to guide light along the core from transmitter to receiver. Fibers are classified by mode (single or multi) and refractive index profile (step or graded). Optical fiber communication systems convert electrical signals to light, transmit the light through fiber, then convert back to electrical signals. Fibers provide advantages like high bandwidth, low loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Wide area network (wan)
A wide area network (WAN) connects multiple local area networks (LANs) over a large geographical area like a country or continent. The hosts on the LANs are connected through communication lines and routers that make up the WAN subnet. The subnet carries messages between hosts, allowing computers in different locations to communicate. The objectives of building a WAN include consolidating data, voice and video services, reducing network costs, and improving performance through optimization. However, WANs are difficult for businesses to manage as traffic increases with cloud computing and emerging technologies. Cost effectiveness and reliability can also be challenges with WAN upgrades.
Networking And Telecommunications
The document discusses networking and telecommunications. It provides an overview of network basics including why organizations use networks, advantages of networks over standalone computers, and common network types including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers network architectures, topologies, protocols, media, and security considerations.
wired and wireless networks
This document discusses and compares wired and wireless networks. Wired networks transmit data through physical cables connecting devices, while wireless networks transmit data through the air using electromagnetic waves without cables. Examples of wired networks include telephone lines, cable TV, and fiber optic networks, while wireless technologies include radio frequencies, infrared, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite communication.
1. Introduction to Telecommunications
This document discusses the history and principles of communications systems. It covers the stages of communications development from early electrical engineering foundations to modern integrated digital networks. Key topics include automated telephone switching, radio transmission, data transfer rates using parallel and serial communications, Boolean logic operations, bit shifting and masking, and matrix operations for multiple data formats in telecommunications.
Communication hardware
Communication hardware refers to electric devices and systems for transferring data or information from one place to another. Examples include modems, cables, fax modems, routers, and wireless technologies like infrared, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. The document provides details on each type of communication hardware, including what they are and how they function. It also includes multiple choice questions to test understanding of the different hardware.
Networking presentation
This presentation discusses computer networks and communications. It defines a computer network as a system that connects computers and peripheral devices. Communications refers to transferring information from a sender to a receiver. Computer networks use digital signals to transmit data.
The presentation outlines three main types of computer networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small physical area like a home or office, while MANs operate within a city. WANs have the largest scope and can span states, countries, or continents.
Network architectures are also introduced, including client-server models where servers provide resources and clients request them, and peer-to
Communication channel presentation
- Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies a channel can carry. Higher bandwidth allows for higher data rates.
- Common transmission media include twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optics, radio waves, microwaves, and satellite communication. Each has advantages and limitations in terms of bandwidth and data capacity.
- The Nyquist formula describes the maximum data rate or channel capacity for a given bandwidth based on the signal-to-noise ratio. Higher bandwidth and SNR allow for higher channel capacity. Noise limits practical data rates.
Telecommunication and network
A computer network connects devices through communication channels to allow for resource sharing. An enterprise network integrates systems across departments to eliminate isolated users. A telecommunication network transmits information electronically over long distances. It consists of terminals, computers, transmission media, and software. Benefits of telecommunication networks include overcoming barriers of time, distance, and costs. Components include devices, connecting hardware, software protocols, and security measures. Network topologies determine how devices are arranged and connected, with common examples being bus, star, ring, and hybrid configurations. Major trends impacting telecommunications include growth of internet technologies, digital networks, and increased business applications.
Networking Devices
This presentation provides a brief knowledge about various networking devices and there respective illustrations
Give the examples of network core devices Give the examples of physic.pdf
Give the examples of network core devices Give the examples of physical media? Are they
network core or network edge devices? What is queuing delay and packet loss?
Solution
Answer 3:
Example of Network core devices:
There are many core devices such as gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, networking
cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters in networks.
Gateways : Gateways are also called protocol converters, can operate at any network layer. A
gateway is a router in a computer network.
Or we can say that, a major key stopping point for the data on its way to or from other networks,
because of gateways, we are able to communicate and send data back.
Routers : A router is a networking device that can forwards data packets between computer in
networks. Routers do perform the traffic controlling or directing functions on the Internet.
A data packet is forwarded from one router to another router, through the networks that have the
internetwork until it reaches its destination computer or node.
Bridge : A network bridge is a device that connects a local area network (LAN) to another LAN
that uses the same protocol as Ethernet or token ring or any other.
Modems : A modem is a network device or a program, that enables a computer to transmit data
over networking cables, for example : telephone or cable lines or any other.
Computer informations are stored in form of digital, whereas information transmitted over
telephone lines. it is transmitted in the form of analog waves.
Answer 4:
physical media: It is refers to the physical materials that are used to transmit information in data
communications. It is called as physical media because
the media is generally a physical object like as copper or glass. that can be touched and felt, and
it also has physical properties like as weight, color and thikness.
there are many physical devices like as:
1. Twisted pair cables - Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many
business computers to the telephone company.
There Wire are twisted to avoid crosstalk or any interference for instance, electromagnetic
radiation from cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.
there are two types of Twisted pair cable like as:
a. shielded Twisted pair cable
b. unshielded Twisted pair cable.
2. Coaxial cables - it is the kind of copper cable used by cable TV companies. it is used in
between of antenna and homes and businesses. Coaxial cable is also used by telephone
companies.
Coaxial cable is also called as coax. it is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded
by a tubular insulating layer, an above of that
surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer
sheath or jacket.
3. fiber optics:it is medium or technology associated with the transmission of information as light
form along a glass or plastic wire or fiber. Fiber optic cables allow to carries much more
information than conventional copper wire and is safer in term of.
Cable types
data communication and networking.types of cables in detail has been discussed.I hope it will be beneficial for bachelors students.
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Computer network & communication answer
Computer networks allow interconnected computers and devices to share information and resources. They transmit digital data through physical transmission mediums like cables or wirelessly. Protocols define communication standards to minimize errors. Popular uses of networks include e-business, online education, and remote communication, which have benefited society through increased access and lower costs.
Coaxial cable by alina baber
Coaxial cable consists of an inner conductor surrounded by insulating material, surrounded by a conductive shield. It carries higher frequency signals than twisted pair cable. The inner conductor is usually copper, surrounded by insulating material and then a conductive shield, with an outer plastic jacket. Data is transmitted through the inner conductor while the shield protects against noise and serves as a ground. Coaxial cable standards define specifications like conductor gauge and thickness. Common types include thinnet for Ethernet and thicknet for longer Ethernet runs. Coaxial cable is used for cable TV, computer networks, and connecting devices like ham radios and measurement equipment.
Computer network ppt communication
This document discusses computer networks and their types. It defines a computer network as a set of interconnected computers that share resources like internet access. The document outlines different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), personal area networks (PANs), client-server networks, and peer-to-peer networks. It also discusses various network topologies such as bus, star, ring, mesh and tree configurations.
The transmission media
Transmission media enable computers and other devices to communicate by transmitting signals carrying information. There are two main types: guided media, which uses physical paths like cables, and unguided media, which transmits electromagnetic waves through air. Characteristics of transmission media that impact communication quality include bandwidth, interference levels, and transmission impairments like attenuation and distortion. Common guided media include twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables, while common unguided media include radio, microwave, and satellite transmissions. The choice of transmission medium depends on factors like data transmission needs, costs, and installation considerations.
Transmission media (data communication)
Transmission media is the material pathway that connects computers, different kinds of devices and people on a network. It can be compared to a superhighway carrying lots of information. Transmission media uses cables or electromagnetic signals to transmit data.
Lan, man and wan ppt final
A computer network connects autonomous computers that can exchange information. A local area network (LAN) connects computers within a small geographic area like a building using technologies like Ethernet. A metropolitan area network (MAN) extends across a city using technologies like fiber optics. A wide area network (WAN) connects computers across large geographic areas like countries using technologies like leased lines.
Types of-networks
There are several types of computer networks depending on their geographical reach: local area networks (LANs) which connect devices within a building or home; metropolitan area networks (MANs) which span a city or large campus; wide area networks (WANs) which connect LANs over long distances like countries or continents; and personal area networks (PANs) which connect devices within a few meters of an individual. LANs use twisted pair cable or WiFi to link devices for resource sharing at speeds up to 10 Gbps, while MANs and WANs transmit data over phone lines or wireless links to connect larger regions. PANs allow communication between devices in close proximity, either directly or through a larger network
Guided and unguided media
Guided media uses physical cabling to guide transmission signals along a specific path and includes twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Twisted pair cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together, and can be unshielded or shielded. Coaxial cable contains two conductors separated by insulation. Fiber optic cable transmits information using pulses of light through glass cores. Unguided media uses electromagnetic waves to transmit without cabling through radio waves, microwaves, or infrared signals broadcast through free space. Radio waves can travel long distances, microwaves require line-of-sight and focused antennas, while infrared works for short-range indoor use.
Communication medium
Communication media refers to the paths used to transmit data from one place to another. There are two main types of communication media: guided and unguided. Guided media, also called bounded media, uses physical connections like cables to directly link communication devices. Common examples of guided media include twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. Unguided media, also known as wireless media, transmits data through the air using antenna without physical connections.
Intranet and extranet
1. An intranet is a private internal network that uses internet technologies like HTML and TCP/IP and is only accessible to authorized members of an organization. It provides collaboration and communication tools.
2. An extranet extends an organization's intranet to external partners, suppliers, and customers. It uses the same internet technologies and security measures as an intranet.
3. Both intranets and extranets provide advantages like low costs, easy access to information, and improved communication and collaboration. However, they also pose security and information overload risks that must be managed.
Introduction to optical fiber
Optical fibers are thin strands of glass that carry light signals for communication. They have a core surrounded by cladding and a protective coating. Optical fibers use total internal reflection to guide light along the core from transmitter to receiver. Fibers are classified by mode (single or multi) and refractive index profile (step or graded). Optical fiber communication systems convert electrical signals to light, transmit the light through fiber, then convert back to electrical signals. Fibers provide advantages like high bandwidth, low loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Wide area network (wan)
A wide area network (WAN) connects multiple local area networks (LANs) over a large geographical area like a country or continent. The hosts on the LANs are connected through communication lines and routers that make up the WAN subnet. The subnet carries messages between hosts, allowing computers in different locations to communicate. The objectives of building a WAN include consolidating data, voice and video services, reducing network costs, and improving performance through optimization. However, WANs are difficult for businesses to manage as traffic increases with cloud computing and emerging technologies. Cost effectiveness and reliability can also be challenges with WAN upgrades.
Networking And Telecommunications
The document discusses networking and telecommunications. It provides an overview of network basics including why organizations use networks, advantages of networks over standalone computers, and common network types including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers network architectures, topologies, protocols, media, and security considerations.
wired and wireless networks
This document discusses and compares wired and wireless networks. Wired networks transmit data through physical cables connecting devices, while wireless networks transmit data through the air using electromagnetic waves without cables. Examples of wired networks include telephone lines, cable TV, and fiber optic networks, while wireless technologies include radio frequencies, infrared, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite communication.
1. Introduction to Telecommunications
This document discusses the history and principles of communications systems. It covers the stages of communications development from early electrical engineering foundations to modern integrated digital networks. Key topics include automated telephone switching, radio transmission, data transfer rates using parallel and serial communications, Boolean logic operations, bit shifting and masking, and matrix operations for multiple data formats in telecommunications.
Communication hardware
Communication hardware refers to electric devices and systems for transferring data or information from one place to another. Examples include modems, cables, fax modems, routers, and wireless technologies like infrared, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. The document provides details on each type of communication hardware, including what they are and how they function. It also includes multiple choice questions to test understanding of the different hardware.
Networking presentation
This presentation discusses computer networks and communications. It defines a computer network as a system that connects computers and peripheral devices. Communications refers to transferring information from a sender to a receiver. Computer networks use digital signals to transmit data.
The presentation outlines three main types of computer networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs connect devices within a small physical area like a home or office, while MANs operate within a city. WANs have the largest scope and can span states, countries, or continents.
Network architectures are also introduced, including client-server models where servers provide resources and clients request them, and peer-to
Communication channel presentation
- Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies a channel can carry. Higher bandwidth allows for higher data rates.
- Common transmission media include twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optics, radio waves, microwaves, and satellite communication. Each has advantages and limitations in terms of bandwidth and data capacity.
- The Nyquist formula describes the maximum data rate or channel capacity for a given bandwidth based on the signal-to-noise ratio. Higher bandwidth and SNR allow for higher channel capacity. Noise limits practical data rates.
Telecommunication and network
A computer network connects devices through communication channels to allow for resource sharing. An enterprise network integrates systems across departments to eliminate isolated users. A telecommunication network transmits information electronically over long distances. It consists of terminals, computers, transmission media, and software. Benefits of telecommunication networks include overcoming barriers of time, distance, and costs. Components include devices, connecting hardware, software protocols, and security measures. Network topologies determine how devices are arranged and connected, with common examples being bus, star, ring, and hybrid configurations. Major trends impacting telecommunications include growth of internet technologies, digital networks, and increased business applications.
Networking Devices
This presentation provides a brief knowledge about various networking devices and there respective illustrations
What's hot (20)
Similar to Communication media
Give the examples of network core devices Give the examples of physic.pdf
Give the examples of network core devices Give the examples of physical media? Are they
network core or network edge devices? What is queuing delay and packet loss?
Solution
Answer 3:
Example of Network core devices:
There are many core devices such as gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, networking
cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters in networks.
Gateways : Gateways are also called protocol converters, can operate at any network layer. A
gateway is a router in a computer network.
Or we can say that, a major key stopping point for the data on its way to or from other networks,
because of gateways, we are able to communicate and send data back.
Routers : A router is a networking device that can forwards data packets between computer in
networks. Routers do perform the traffic controlling or directing functions on the Internet.
A data packet is forwarded from one router to another router, through the networks that have the
internetwork until it reaches its destination computer or node.
Bridge : A network bridge is a device that connects a local area network (LAN) to another LAN
that uses the same protocol as Ethernet or token ring or any other.
Modems : A modem is a network device or a program, that enables a computer to transmit data
over networking cables, for example : telephone or cable lines or any other.
Computer informations are stored in form of digital, whereas information transmitted over
telephone lines. it is transmitted in the form of analog waves.
Answer 4:
physical media: It is refers to the physical materials that are used to transmit information in data
communications. It is called as physical media because
the media is generally a physical object like as copper or glass. that can be touched and felt, and
it also has physical properties like as weight, color and thikness.
there are many physical devices like as:
1. Twisted pair cables - Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many
business computers to the telephone company.
There Wire are twisted to avoid crosstalk or any interference for instance, electromagnetic
radiation from cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.
there are two types of Twisted pair cable like as:
a. shielded Twisted pair cable
b. unshielded Twisted pair cable.
2. Coaxial cables - it is the kind of copper cable used by cable TV companies. it is used in
between of antenna and homes and businesses. Coaxial cable is also used by telephone
companies.
Coaxial cable is also called as coax. it is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded
by a tubular insulating layer, an above of that
surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer
sheath or jacket.
3. fiber optics:it is medium or technology associated with the transmission of information as light
form along a glass or plastic wire or fiber. Fiber optic cables allow to carries much more
information than conventional copper wire and is safer in term of.
Cable types
data communication and networking.types of cables in detail has been discussed.I hope it will be beneficial for bachelors students.
Eu 1 lp 3
This document discusses the history and types of telecommunication systems and transmission media. It describes how telecommunication systems work by converting signals into electrical or electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted and received. There are two main types of transmission systems - analog and digital. The document then discusses various types of transmission media including copper wiring (twisted pair), coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. It provides details on categories of twisted pair cabling and specifications for thin and thick coaxial cable.
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Transmission media are the pathways that carry information from sender to receiver and are located below the physical layer. There are two types: guided media, which uses wired transmission through cables like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic; and unguided media, which is wireless transmission through air using technologies like radio waves and microwaves. Common guided media include twisted pair cable, which consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together, coaxial cable for high frequency signals, and fiber optic cable which transmits data as light pulses.
La3 Mediumnetwork
The document identifies and describes different physical transmission cables and wireless transmission media. It discusses various cable types including unshielded twisted pair, shielded twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables. It also discusses wireless transmission media such as infrared and radio waves. The document categorizes transmission media into two broad categories: physical transmission media which uses cables, and wireless transmission media which transmits data via electromagnetic waves without cables.
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Information Systems Ind. Assignment 3 (1).pdf
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This document discusses different types of network media used to transmit data in computer networks. It describes guided (wired) media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also describes unguided (wireless) media such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. The key differences between guided and unguided media are that guided media uses a physical conductor to transmit signals while unguided media broadcasts signals through the air.
3rd class
This document discusses different types of network cables used in communication systems. It describes three major types: coaxial cable, which has an inner conductor surrounded by insulation and a metal shield; twisted pair cable, made of two insulated wires twisted together; and fiber optic cable. It provides details on coaxial cable standards like RG-6 and RG-8, and describes single-core and multi-core coaxial cables. Twisted pair cable can be shielded (STP) or unshielded (UTP), and UTP is commonly used in computers and telecommunications. The document lists various online references for further information.
Guided Transmission Media
Guided (wired) transmission media refers to methods of transmitting data signals along a guided path like cabling systems. The main types of guided media are twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Twisted pair cable uses two insulated copper wires arranged in a spiral to transmit analog and digital signals over short distances. Coaxial cable consists of a copper conductor surrounded by insulation and shielding layers to support transmission over longer distances and more connections than twisted pair. Optical fiber uses glass core and cladding layers to transmit data using light signals over even longer distances with high bandwidth.
Presentation on data communication
The document is a presentation submitted by Harpreet Kaur on data communications. It contains information on various topics related to data communications including an introduction to data communication, components of data communication such as sender, receiver, message, transmission medium and protocol. It also discusses data flow modes, analog and digital signals, types of transmission media including guided media such as coaxial cable, twisted pair cable and fiber optic cable, and unguided media. Finally, it covers networking devices such as modem, hub, switch and router.
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This document summarizes different types of wired and wireless communication channels. It discusses wired channels such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, and Ethernet cable. It also discusses wireless channels including radio waves, microwaves, and satellite transmission using antennas or dishes. The document provides details on each channel type and its uses for transmitting data, music, pictures and more.
Fiber optic cable
This document discusses fiber optic cables, which transmit digital information in the form of light pulses along thin glass or plastic wires. Fiber optic cables offer benefits over copper wiring like greater bandwidth, less signal degradation over long distances, and less interference. They work using the principle of total internal reflection to keep light bouncing along the fiber's core. While fiber optic cables are commonly used for long distance communication and networking due to these advantages, limitations in bending radius can make them less suitable for short connection runs within homes or businesses.
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This document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in telecommunication systems and transmission. It begins with definitions of telecommunication networks and the basic purpose of transmitting information from one user to another. It then discusses different types of transmission media that can be used including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optics. The document also covers elements of transmission systems including modulation, line coding, and conversion of voice signals to digital. It introduces concepts of PDH and SDH digital carrier systems, including E1 and STM-1 frame structures. In summary, the document provides foundational information on telecommunication networks, transmission media, and digital signal transmission standards.
Transmssion_Media.pptx
This presentation discusses different types of transmission media used to transfer data from one point to another. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable which physically confine the transmission pathway. It also discusses unguided media such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves which use the atmosphere as the transmission medium. Examples of guided media types like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable are provided.
Communication and networking for class 12.pptx
Network and Communication refer to the interconnected systems and devices that enable the transfer of data and information between various endpoints. The main components of a network and communication system include hardware devices such as computers, routers, switches, and modems, and software protocols that govern the flow of data between these devices.
Fiber optic cable
This document discusses fiber optic cables, which transmit digital information in the form of light pulses along thin glass or plastic wires. Fiber optic cables offer advantages over copper wiring like greater bandwidth, less signal degradation over long distances, and less interference. They are commonly used for long distance communication, like telephone calls and internet, and have applications in networking due to their high bandwidth capabilities. Fiber optic cables use the phenomenon of total internal reflection to keep light signals bouncing along the length of the cable until they reach their destination.
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Communication media
- 1. & Its Types
- 2. Communication media refers to the means of delivering and receiving data or information. In telecommunication, these means are transmission and storage tools or channels for data storage and transmission.
- 3. Types of Communication Physical Media Mechanical Media Types of Communication
- 4. Physical media refers to the physical materials that are used to store or transmit information in data communications. These physical media are generally physical objects made of materials such as copper or glass. They can be touched and felt, and have physical properties such as weight and color.
- 6. Copper Wires Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts. Electrical wirings in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry.
- 7. Optical Fiber An optical fiber is a thin fiber of glass or plastic that can carry light from one end to the other. The study of optical fibers is called fiber optics, which is part of applied science and engineering. A fiber optic cable can contain a varying number of these glass fibers -- from a few up to a couple hundred.
- 8. Co-axial Cable Coaxial cable, or coax is a type of electrical cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. It is primarily used by cable TV companies to connect their satellite antenna facilities to customer homes and businesses.
- 10. Written Media Written communication involves any type of message that makes use of the written word. Written communication is the most important and the most effective of any mode of business communication. Some of the various forms of written communications that are used internally for business operations include: Memos and Reports.
- 11. Electronic Media Electronic communication is a general term that embraces all kinds of computer- mediated communication in which individuals exchange messages with others, either individually or in groups. There are many different types of electronic communication including but not limited to: email, social media newsgroups, chat rooms, video conferencing, instant messaging, phone and fax.
- 12. Physical media refers to the physical materials that are used to store or transmit information in data communications. These physical media are generally physical objects made of materials such as copper or glass. They can be touched and felt, and have physical properties such as weight and color.
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