The document discusses different types of love and the factors that contribute to forming romantic relationships. It describes three components of love identified by Rubin - attachment, caring, and intimacy. Passionate love is described as intense but fleeting, while companionate love is based on deep familiarity and commitment. The "three faces" model identifies passion, intimacy, and commitment as key factors in love, and how their interplay influences relationship experiences over time. Proximity, shared interests, physical attractiveness, and reciprocity are identified as contributing to the development of romantic relationships.
The document discusses relationships and maintaining healthy relationships. It provides 15 true/false statements about relationships covering topics like communication, self-love, understanding others, listening, forgiveness, conflict resolution, and spending quality time. Additional paragraphs discuss why relationships are important for health and well-being, some benefits of healthy relationships, and common relationship problems such as infidelity, lack of responsibility, unrealistic expectations, and addictions.
Personal Relationships in Middle and Late AdolescenceJannah Salazar
Here are some key points that were expressed in the acting:
- Nervousness and shyness in expressing feelings
- Using kind words to convey care, respect and commitment
- Asking permission and respecting the other's feelings
- Importance of communication and listening
The activity allowed students to practice relationship skills like expressing emotions, communicating intentions clearly, and considering the other person's perspective. It's a fun way to have an important discussion.
PerDev Personal Relationship-Attraction, Love & Commitment.pptxSheilaMaePBaltazarHe
This document discusses personal relationships, attraction, love, and commitment. It provides learning objectives around expressing attraction, love, and commitment. It includes activities for students to determine how they express these feelings and to whom. It discusses the key components of attraction, definitions of love and commitment, and ways to express affection and maintain relationships through open communication, trust, respect, and being helpful.
This document discusses several topics related to human sexuality and intimacy. It begins by defining human sexuality and exploring how it impacts various aspects of life. It then discusses what intimacy means, describing it as a close, familiar relationship that involves emotional closeness, spiritual connection, and openness. The document also examines teenage relationships, noting both the advantages like learning about relationships but also the disadvantages such as emotional instability and life-long scars. It discusses pre-marital sexuality and why many societies forbid it due to potential consequences. Finally, it explores ways to avoid pre-marital sex through education and developing healthy views of sexuality and relationships from a young age.
sexuality, sexual orientation, masturbation, autoerotic stimulation to partnered sex; intercourse, oral sex, Gender identity, CULTURAL FACTORS IN SEXUAL ORIENTATION & GENDER IDENTITY, Sexology,Paraphilias,types of sexual behavior deviation
The document defines several key terms related to the senses and discusses each of the five senses - sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. It notes that while humans are often thought of as rational beings, affect and emotions likely play a major role in behavior through our limbic system. Specifically, the document explores how the senses of sight, smell, and touch influence human sexuality, noting that visual cues strongly impact men's responses and certain scents may act as attractants or signals between potential partners. Tactile stimulation of erogenous zones can also elicit sexual responses through the hormone oxytocin.
The document discusses concepts related to courtship, marriage, love, and types of love. It defines marriage as a formal union recognized by law that makes a man and wife. Courtship precedes engagement and marriage and is a special friendship between a man and woman that can lead to love. There are various customs around dowries given from the bride's family to the groom or his family. Love is described as a feeling of warm personal attachment, affection, and wanting to be with someone. There are various components of love including intimacy, passion, and commitment. The document also outlines different types of love such as ludic, pragmatic, erotic, manic, storge, and agape love.
The document discusses different types of love and the factors that contribute to forming romantic relationships. It describes three components of love identified by Rubin - attachment, caring, and intimacy. Passionate love is described as intense but fleeting, while companionate love is based on deep familiarity and commitment. The "three faces" model identifies passion, intimacy, and commitment as key factors in love, and how their interplay influences relationship experiences over time. Proximity, shared interests, physical attractiveness, and reciprocity are identified as contributing to the development of romantic relationships.
The document discusses relationships and maintaining healthy relationships. It provides 15 true/false statements about relationships covering topics like communication, self-love, understanding others, listening, forgiveness, conflict resolution, and spending quality time. Additional paragraphs discuss why relationships are important for health and well-being, some benefits of healthy relationships, and common relationship problems such as infidelity, lack of responsibility, unrealistic expectations, and addictions.
Personal Relationships in Middle and Late AdolescenceJannah Salazar
Here are some key points that were expressed in the acting:
- Nervousness and shyness in expressing feelings
- Using kind words to convey care, respect and commitment
- Asking permission and respecting the other's feelings
- Importance of communication and listening
The activity allowed students to practice relationship skills like expressing emotions, communicating intentions clearly, and considering the other person's perspective. It's a fun way to have an important discussion.
PerDev Personal Relationship-Attraction, Love & Commitment.pptxSheilaMaePBaltazarHe
This document discusses personal relationships, attraction, love, and commitment. It provides learning objectives around expressing attraction, love, and commitment. It includes activities for students to determine how they express these feelings and to whom. It discusses the key components of attraction, definitions of love and commitment, and ways to express affection and maintain relationships through open communication, trust, respect, and being helpful.
This document discusses several topics related to human sexuality and intimacy. It begins by defining human sexuality and exploring how it impacts various aspects of life. It then discusses what intimacy means, describing it as a close, familiar relationship that involves emotional closeness, spiritual connection, and openness. The document also examines teenage relationships, noting both the advantages like learning about relationships but also the disadvantages such as emotional instability and life-long scars. It discusses pre-marital sexuality and why many societies forbid it due to potential consequences. Finally, it explores ways to avoid pre-marital sex through education and developing healthy views of sexuality and relationships from a young age.
sexuality, sexual orientation, masturbation, autoerotic stimulation to partnered sex; intercourse, oral sex, Gender identity, CULTURAL FACTORS IN SEXUAL ORIENTATION & GENDER IDENTITY, Sexology,Paraphilias,types of sexual behavior deviation
The document defines several key terms related to the senses and discusses each of the five senses - sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. It notes that while humans are often thought of as rational beings, affect and emotions likely play a major role in behavior through our limbic system. Specifically, the document explores how the senses of sight, smell, and touch influence human sexuality, noting that visual cues strongly impact men's responses and certain scents may act as attractants or signals between potential partners. Tactile stimulation of erogenous zones can also elicit sexual responses through the hormone oxytocin.
The document discusses concepts related to courtship, marriage, love, and types of love. It defines marriage as a formal union recognized by law that makes a man and wife. Courtship precedes engagement and marriage and is a special friendship between a man and woman that can lead to love. There are various customs around dowries given from the bride's family to the groom or his family. Love is described as a feeling of warm personal attachment, affection, and wanting to be with someone. There are various components of love including intimacy, passion, and commitment. The document also outlines different types of love such as ludic, pragmatic, erotic, manic, storge, and agape love.
This document defines and classifies different types of human sexual behavior, including solitary behavior like masturbation, non-coital behaviors like kissing and petting, and coital behaviors like vaginal and anal intercourse. It discusses that human sexual behavior is influenced by biological, cultural, personal, and experiential factors and identifies common erogenous zones. It also outlines perspectives on masturbation from different fields and notes that the meaning of certain acts depends on context and motivation. The document aims to educate about various aspects of human sexuality.
Erik Erikson stages of psychosocial development Sam Martin
Erik Erikson developed an influential theory of psychosocial development consisting of eight stages from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage involves resolving a psychosocial crisis through developing certain virtues. The first stage in infancy focuses on trust vs mistrust and developing hope. The second stage in early childhood deals with autonomy vs shame and doubt, and developing will. Adolescence brings the crisis of identity vs role confusion, and developing fidelity. Late adulthood concerns integrity vs despair, and developing wisdom by reflecting on one's life accomplishments and contributions. Erikson's theory emphasizes how social and cultural experiences influence personality development at each stage through resolving crises.
The document discusses the concept of love, including its definition, types (agape and phileo), and characteristics of true love. It also addresses the issue of commitment in teenage relationships. While relationships used to require more commitment before, today they are often shallow and based primarily on physical attraction. This can lead to problems like one-sided love, depression, and regret. The document provides biblical perspectives on love and relationships, emphasizing that love is a decision requiring commitment, honesty, communication and putting God at the center.
This document discusses how material possessions can become part of one's identity and sense of self. It provides evidence that money can change how people view themselves and others. Having more money and possessions can lead people to feel more self-sufficient but also less ethical. The document also examines how collections, pets, and body parts can all become extensions of people's self-identity. Losing possessions, especially those with sentimental value, can negatively impact victims emotionally.
This document provides information about gender and sexuality from a biological and social perspective. Biologically, sex is determined by anatomy, chromosomes, hormones and can be male, female or intersex. Gender refers to social and cultural roles and expectations of masculinity and femininity that are distinct from biological sex. Sexuality encompasses sexual orientation, acts, meanings and drives that are influenced by social and cultural factors. Theories around essentialism view gender differences as innate while social constructionism sees gender as a social construct.
This document discusses different sociological perspectives on the family, including modernist and postmodernist views. It examines how postmodernists argue that families have greater diversity and choice in relationships compared to structuralist views. The document also discusses how postmodernists believe family structures have become more fragmented and chaotic as individuals have more freedom to choose their lifestyles.
The document discusses theories of the self from a psychological perspective. It defines the self as a cognitive construct consisting of the "I" (thinking, acting, feeling aspects) and the "me" (physical and psychological characteristics). William James and Carl Rogers introduced this concept of the dual self. The self is also influenced by social interaction and one's environment. It develops through social roles, relationships, and group memberships. Factors like self-esteem, self-awareness, social comparison, and narcissism also shape one's sense of self over time. The self is not fixed but rather evolves continuously based on experiences and social contexts.
This chapter discusses the biological and psychosocial bases of human sexuality. It covers topics like genetic and gonadal development of sex, puberty, gender identity, male and female reproductive anatomy and functions, the human sexual response pattern, orientations, and healthy relationships. It provides information about sexuality across the lifespan from childhood to aging.
1) Personal relationships are important for health and well-being. They can help people live longer, deal with stress, and stay healthier. Conversely, a lack of social support is linked to depression, weaker immune function, and higher blood pressure.
2) There are three main kinds of personal relationships: family, friends, and partnerships/romantic relationships. Family are related by blood or marriage. Friends are built on shared experiences and interests. Partnerships involve romantic love, affection, trust, and intimacy.
3) Building healthy relationships requires loving communication, appreciation, understanding, keeping anger in check, expressing gratitude, spending quality time together, and forgiveness.
This document discusses personal relationships and the factors that influence them. It begins by explaining how early humans interacted in groups for survival and how this need to belong still exists today. It then explores how attachments are formed, especially the early mother-child bond. Three styles of attachment are described: secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent. The document also examines what drives attraction between people and identifies physical attractiveness, proximity, similarity, reciprocity and personality traits as influencing factors. It discusses the components of love based on Sternberg's triangular theory of intimacy, passion and commitment. Finally, it analyzes the importance of commitment in a relationship and identifies behaviors like criticism, denial of conflict and contempt as predicting relationship dissolution.
The document discusses several key factors that influence career planning and decision-making, including personality, interests, skills, values, academic performance, financial situations, and peer influence. It also outlines several career development theories and concepts, such as Bandura's social cognitive theory of self-efficacy, Super's stages of career development, and Holland's theory of vocational personalities. Finally, it provides examples of career pathways and options students can consider based on their personal goals and career development.
The document discusses factors that shape Filipino moral identity, including family, social environment, culture, history, education, and economic and political systems. It describes how Filipinos are highly family-oriented and group-oriented due to their social environment and history of dependence. Their moral identity is also influenced by colonial mentality from foreign domination and a mix of cultures in their language. Schools and religion teach obedience but also passivity. Filipino character is contradictory, with both strengths like resilience and weaknesses like extreme personalism.
The document discusses the spiritual self and how it relates to spirituality and religion. The spiritual self is described as one's inner essence that connects them to higher powers and gives life deeper meaning. It develops through interaction, observation, and imitation. Spirituality originally referred to the Holy Spirit in early Christianity and involves worship to understand God. Religion is defined as an organized system of beliefs and practices used to interpret aspects beyond human control and fulfills social and psychological needs. Religion affects the spiritual self by providing beliefs, guidance, moral teachings on treating others, and transcending rituals to find purpose.
The document discusses personal development from psychological and philosophical perspectives. It provides definitions of personal development from various sources and theorists over time. Personal development is framed as a lifelong journey of self-discovery, self-acceptance, and striving to reach one's full potential. The document also explores how human nature is uniquely complex compared to other organisms due to capacities like self-awareness, analytical thinking, and reflective thought.
The document discusses various theories related to personal relationships and attraction. It covers topics like attachment theory, the three brain systems involved in love (lust, attraction, and attachment), factors that can influence attraction like proximity, similarity and reciprocity, and Sternberg's triangular theory of love. Relationship responsibilities are also discussed, as well as behaviors that can predict divorce such as criticism, denial of conflict, and contempt.
1) Romantic love involves intense feelings driven by hormones and neurotransmitters that encourage reproduction. Dopamine released during attraction causes euphoria similar to cocaine, while oxytocin and vasopressin released during sex and orgasm promote attachment between partners.
2) Scientists have identified three stages of love: lust driven by testosterone and estrogen, attraction involving adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin, and attachment related to oxytocin and vasopressin which bond parents to children and long-term partners.
3) Studies show decisions about attraction can be made within 90 seconds based mostly on body language, tone of voice rather than words, and new love can cause obsessive thinking from low serotonin like OCD patients.
The document discusses several topics related to gender issues and homosexuality, including:
- Definitions of homosexuality and how it has been viewed historically in different cultures and religions.
- Key people and events in the study and understanding of homosexuality in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.
- Issues still contested today around legal and social acceptance of homosexuality.
- Transgender topics like prominent transgender figures Chris Crocker and Alexis Arquette.
- Gender issues around the world like barriers facing women and efforts of organizations like the World Bank and UNIFEM to promote gender equality.
BRONFENBRENNER’S ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THEORYRyan Lagbas
Urie Bronfenbrenner developed ecological systems theory to explain how environmental systems influence human development. He divided a person's environment into five systems - microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem - with the microsystem being the closest and most direct, and the macrosystem being the most distant but still influential. The microsystem includes immediate relationships, the mesosystem involves connections between microsystems, the exosystem comprises contexts without the developing person's direct involvement, the macrosystem is the overarching cultural values, and the chronosystem incorporates environmental changes over time.
The Challenges of Middle and Late AdolescenceEdmundo Dantes
The document discusses the challenges faced by adolescents, including:
1. Intellectual development which leads to emotional tension as they search for identity.
2. Difficulties with sexual relationships due to lack of information which can prevent serious commitments.
3. Developing social skills to adjust to peers in order to avoid feelings of inadequacy.
4. Forming attitudes during this period that can impact ways of thinking for life.
QUARTER 2- Personal Development and Relationships.pptxGladysMaeCiscar
This document provides an overview of personal relationships including family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. It discusses key aspects of healthy relationships like mutual respect, compassion, empathy, understanding, acceptance, honesty, trust, good communication, consideration, compatibility, mutual enjoyment, personal integrity, and vulnerability. The document also covers different types of love according to ancient Greek philosophy including philia (affectionate love), pragma (enduring love), storge (familiar love), eros (romantic love), ludus (playful love), mania (obsessive love), philautia (self-love), and agape (selfless love). Finally, it discusses the 5 love languages according to relationship expert Gary Chapman: words
This document discusses various aspects of love from a psychological perspective. It defines love, explores the differences between liking and loving someone, and identifies several types of love including friendship, infatuation, passionate love, and compassionate love. The document also examines whether love is biological or cultural, provides tips for cultivating love in relationships, and discusses some potential pitfalls of love like anxiety, jealousy, and depression.
This document defines and classifies different types of human sexual behavior, including solitary behavior like masturbation, non-coital behaviors like kissing and petting, and coital behaviors like vaginal and anal intercourse. It discusses that human sexual behavior is influenced by biological, cultural, personal, and experiential factors and identifies common erogenous zones. It also outlines perspectives on masturbation from different fields and notes that the meaning of certain acts depends on context and motivation. The document aims to educate about various aspects of human sexuality.
Erik Erikson stages of psychosocial development Sam Martin
Erik Erikson developed an influential theory of psychosocial development consisting of eight stages from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage involves resolving a psychosocial crisis through developing certain virtues. The first stage in infancy focuses on trust vs mistrust and developing hope. The second stage in early childhood deals with autonomy vs shame and doubt, and developing will. Adolescence brings the crisis of identity vs role confusion, and developing fidelity. Late adulthood concerns integrity vs despair, and developing wisdom by reflecting on one's life accomplishments and contributions. Erikson's theory emphasizes how social and cultural experiences influence personality development at each stage through resolving crises.
The document discusses the concept of love, including its definition, types (agape and phileo), and characteristics of true love. It also addresses the issue of commitment in teenage relationships. While relationships used to require more commitment before, today they are often shallow and based primarily on physical attraction. This can lead to problems like one-sided love, depression, and regret. The document provides biblical perspectives on love and relationships, emphasizing that love is a decision requiring commitment, honesty, communication and putting God at the center.
This document discusses how material possessions can become part of one's identity and sense of self. It provides evidence that money can change how people view themselves and others. Having more money and possessions can lead people to feel more self-sufficient but also less ethical. The document also examines how collections, pets, and body parts can all become extensions of people's self-identity. Losing possessions, especially those with sentimental value, can negatively impact victims emotionally.
This document provides information about gender and sexuality from a biological and social perspective. Biologically, sex is determined by anatomy, chromosomes, hormones and can be male, female or intersex. Gender refers to social and cultural roles and expectations of masculinity and femininity that are distinct from biological sex. Sexuality encompasses sexual orientation, acts, meanings and drives that are influenced by social and cultural factors. Theories around essentialism view gender differences as innate while social constructionism sees gender as a social construct.
This document discusses different sociological perspectives on the family, including modernist and postmodernist views. It examines how postmodernists argue that families have greater diversity and choice in relationships compared to structuralist views. The document also discusses how postmodernists believe family structures have become more fragmented and chaotic as individuals have more freedom to choose their lifestyles.
The document discusses theories of the self from a psychological perspective. It defines the self as a cognitive construct consisting of the "I" (thinking, acting, feeling aspects) and the "me" (physical and psychological characteristics). William James and Carl Rogers introduced this concept of the dual self. The self is also influenced by social interaction and one's environment. It develops through social roles, relationships, and group memberships. Factors like self-esteem, self-awareness, social comparison, and narcissism also shape one's sense of self over time. The self is not fixed but rather evolves continuously based on experiences and social contexts.
This chapter discusses the biological and psychosocial bases of human sexuality. It covers topics like genetic and gonadal development of sex, puberty, gender identity, male and female reproductive anatomy and functions, the human sexual response pattern, orientations, and healthy relationships. It provides information about sexuality across the lifespan from childhood to aging.
1) Personal relationships are important for health and well-being. They can help people live longer, deal with stress, and stay healthier. Conversely, a lack of social support is linked to depression, weaker immune function, and higher blood pressure.
2) There are three main kinds of personal relationships: family, friends, and partnerships/romantic relationships. Family are related by blood or marriage. Friends are built on shared experiences and interests. Partnerships involve romantic love, affection, trust, and intimacy.
3) Building healthy relationships requires loving communication, appreciation, understanding, keeping anger in check, expressing gratitude, spending quality time together, and forgiveness.
This document discusses personal relationships and the factors that influence them. It begins by explaining how early humans interacted in groups for survival and how this need to belong still exists today. It then explores how attachments are formed, especially the early mother-child bond. Three styles of attachment are described: secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent. The document also examines what drives attraction between people and identifies physical attractiveness, proximity, similarity, reciprocity and personality traits as influencing factors. It discusses the components of love based on Sternberg's triangular theory of intimacy, passion and commitment. Finally, it analyzes the importance of commitment in a relationship and identifies behaviors like criticism, denial of conflict and contempt as predicting relationship dissolution.
The document discusses several key factors that influence career planning and decision-making, including personality, interests, skills, values, academic performance, financial situations, and peer influence. It also outlines several career development theories and concepts, such as Bandura's social cognitive theory of self-efficacy, Super's stages of career development, and Holland's theory of vocational personalities. Finally, it provides examples of career pathways and options students can consider based on their personal goals and career development.
The document discusses factors that shape Filipino moral identity, including family, social environment, culture, history, education, and economic and political systems. It describes how Filipinos are highly family-oriented and group-oriented due to their social environment and history of dependence. Their moral identity is also influenced by colonial mentality from foreign domination and a mix of cultures in their language. Schools and religion teach obedience but also passivity. Filipino character is contradictory, with both strengths like resilience and weaknesses like extreme personalism.
The document discusses the spiritual self and how it relates to spirituality and religion. The spiritual self is described as one's inner essence that connects them to higher powers and gives life deeper meaning. It develops through interaction, observation, and imitation. Spirituality originally referred to the Holy Spirit in early Christianity and involves worship to understand God. Religion is defined as an organized system of beliefs and practices used to interpret aspects beyond human control and fulfills social and psychological needs. Religion affects the spiritual self by providing beliefs, guidance, moral teachings on treating others, and transcending rituals to find purpose.
The document discusses personal development from psychological and philosophical perspectives. It provides definitions of personal development from various sources and theorists over time. Personal development is framed as a lifelong journey of self-discovery, self-acceptance, and striving to reach one's full potential. The document also explores how human nature is uniquely complex compared to other organisms due to capacities like self-awareness, analytical thinking, and reflective thought.
The document discusses various theories related to personal relationships and attraction. It covers topics like attachment theory, the three brain systems involved in love (lust, attraction, and attachment), factors that can influence attraction like proximity, similarity and reciprocity, and Sternberg's triangular theory of love. Relationship responsibilities are also discussed, as well as behaviors that can predict divorce such as criticism, denial of conflict, and contempt.
1) Romantic love involves intense feelings driven by hormones and neurotransmitters that encourage reproduction. Dopamine released during attraction causes euphoria similar to cocaine, while oxytocin and vasopressin released during sex and orgasm promote attachment between partners.
2) Scientists have identified three stages of love: lust driven by testosterone and estrogen, attraction involving adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin, and attachment related to oxytocin and vasopressin which bond parents to children and long-term partners.
3) Studies show decisions about attraction can be made within 90 seconds based mostly on body language, tone of voice rather than words, and new love can cause obsessive thinking from low serotonin like OCD patients.
The document discusses several topics related to gender issues and homosexuality, including:
- Definitions of homosexuality and how it has been viewed historically in different cultures and religions.
- Key people and events in the study and understanding of homosexuality in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.
- Issues still contested today around legal and social acceptance of homosexuality.
- Transgender topics like prominent transgender figures Chris Crocker and Alexis Arquette.
- Gender issues around the world like barriers facing women and efforts of organizations like the World Bank and UNIFEM to promote gender equality.
BRONFENBRENNER’S ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THEORYRyan Lagbas
Urie Bronfenbrenner developed ecological systems theory to explain how environmental systems influence human development. He divided a person's environment into five systems - microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem - with the microsystem being the closest and most direct, and the macrosystem being the most distant but still influential. The microsystem includes immediate relationships, the mesosystem involves connections between microsystems, the exosystem comprises contexts without the developing person's direct involvement, the macrosystem is the overarching cultural values, and the chronosystem incorporates environmental changes over time.
The Challenges of Middle and Late AdolescenceEdmundo Dantes
The document discusses the challenges faced by adolescents, including:
1. Intellectual development which leads to emotional tension as they search for identity.
2. Difficulties with sexual relationships due to lack of information which can prevent serious commitments.
3. Developing social skills to adjust to peers in order to avoid feelings of inadequacy.
4. Forming attitudes during this period that can impact ways of thinking for life.
QUARTER 2- Personal Development and Relationships.pptxGladysMaeCiscar
This document provides an overview of personal relationships including family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. It discusses key aspects of healthy relationships like mutual respect, compassion, empathy, understanding, acceptance, honesty, trust, good communication, consideration, compatibility, mutual enjoyment, personal integrity, and vulnerability. The document also covers different types of love according to ancient Greek philosophy including philia (affectionate love), pragma (enduring love), storge (familiar love), eros (romantic love), ludus (playful love), mania (obsessive love), philautia (self-love), and agape (selfless love). Finally, it discusses the 5 love languages according to relationship expert Gary Chapman: words
This document discusses various aspects of love from a psychological perspective. It defines love, explores the differences between liking and loving someone, and identifies several types of love including friendship, infatuation, passionate love, and compassionate love. The document also examines whether love is biological or cultural, provides tips for cultivating love in relationships, and discusses some potential pitfalls of love like anxiety, jealousy, and depression.
This document provides an overview of love and relationships. It discusses what love is, different types of love according to psychologists' theories including passionate love and companionate love. It also covers liking versus loving, interpersonal attraction factors, relationship development theories, and types of relationships like family, friendship, and interpersonal relationships. The document was submitted by a group for a class on the topics of love and relationships. It contains 18 sections that will analyze these subjects in more depth.
UNIT -3 INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION Loyola college.pptxbennyisback3
This document summarizes research on interpersonal attraction and the formation of relationships. It discusses internal and external factors that determine attraction, such as proximity, familiarity, physical attractiveness, and similarity. It also examines theories of love, including Sternberg's triangle theory of love consisting of passion, intimacy, and commitment. The document outlines different types of love like passionate love, companionate love, and romantic love. It concludes by describing styles of loving like pragma, mania, agape, eros, ludus, and storge.
The document discusses different theories and definitions related to love, intimacy, and relationships. It defines key terms like love, passion, commitment, intimacy, and relationship. It also summarizes different theories of love, such as Sternberg's triangular theory of love based on intimacy, passion, and commitment. The document also discusses love as a human experience, social phenomenon, emotion, and neurobiological event. It outlines John Alan Lee's color wheel theory of different types of love like eros, storge, ludus, and combinations of these. Gary Chapman's five love languages are also summarized.
Attraction, Romance, and RelationshipsBuild your perfect.docxrosemaryralphs52525
Attraction, Romance, and Relationships
Build your perfect partner!
Physically attractive body $2
Physically attractive face $2
Intelligence $2
Similar race/religion/culture $2
Different race/religion/culture $2
Similar values $3
Humor $1
Work ethic $2
Social status (respect/admiration of others) $1
Emotional support $2
Sense of adventure $1
Honesty/trust $3
Communication skills $2
Intimacy $1
Financial stability $1
Physical health $1
Cooperation $2
Parental ability $1
Caveats
Relationships research has historically favored monogamous, heterosexual relationships
Research has also favored White, Western relationships
Important differences exist based on race, culture, and country
Most research is observational (for good reason)
Limits our ability to make causal claims, limited internal validity
Initial Attraction
When forming schemas of others, we quickly notice our own attraction to them
Attraction is an automatic, affective response
Serves to focus attention, resources
1. Physical attractiveness
We are more interested in, drawn to, and fond of people we find physically attractive
Why does physical attractiveness matter so much?
Biological Physical attractiveness cues ability to provide resources and produce healthy offspring
Symmetrical faces, clear skin, healthy hair all signal genetic fitness
Societal Attraction signals social awareness, value, and desirability
Halo effect Attractive people are perceived a friendlier, cleaner, etc.
2. Similarity
We are attracted to people that are similar to us in:
Culture, identity
Interests, values, hobbies
Physical attractiveness
What about “opposites attract?”
“My friend Katie is an extrovert and her partner is an introvert”
“Katie is a White, college-educated, Jewish, Democratic, millennial extrovert and her partner is a White, college-educated, Jewish, Democratic, millennial introvert”
2. Similarity
Why do we care about similarity?
We like ourselves, and therefore like people similar to ourselves
I listen to rap music, so if you listen to rap music you have great taste
Similar people feel familiar to us, and we like familiarity
If you grew up in the same area as me, I have a positive association towards you
Similarity contributes to trust and cooperation
I go to Miami University, so if you do too, I can trust you more
Similarity reduces the likelihood of being rejected
I have more I can say/do to impress you if we have shared interests
3. Positive interactions
We are more attracted to people when we have positive interactions with them
This can come from a single, incredibly positive experience with someone
It can also come from frequent, generally positive experiences
Generally, we like the people we are around in the absence of any negative experiences
Gender Differences
Men and women are much more similar than different in their partner preferences
Partner preference differs more by type of relationship
Short-term mate preference We favor si.
The document discusses different types and aspects of love. It defines passionate love as intense feelings including sexual desire and physiological arousal that typically develops rapidly but can fade quickly. Companionate love is described as a deeper attachment based on familiarity and commitment that is less intense but more enduring. The document also references Sternberg's triangular theory of love, which identifies three components - intimacy, passion, and commitment - that combine in varying degrees to define different types of love experiences. It explores factors that can bring people together and keep them together, like proximity, shared interests and values, physical attractiveness, and attachment styles formed in childhood.
This document discusses personal relationships and responsibilities within relationships. It begins by defining personal relationships as interactions between individuals that help fulfill fundamental needs for survival and belonging. It then explores how attachments are formed from infancy through relationships with caregivers. Key components of relationships like intimacy, commitment, passion and attraction are examined. The document stresses the importance of responsibilities like respecting others, providing support, and being accountable in relationships to make them healthy and long-lasting.
The document discusses various topics related to gender, sexuality, and relationships. It begins by defining key terms like gender, sexuality, and psychosocial. It then discusses three psychological domains - affective, behavior, and cognition. It explores concepts like self-awareness, intimacy, socialization, and different types of love. Specifically, it outlines Sternberg's triangular theory of love and describes the primary types (eros, ludus, storge) and secondary types (agape, mania, pragma) of love. It also discusses Chapman's five love languages - words of affirmation, quality time, physical touch, acts of service, and receiving gifts.
This document discusses personal relationships and how to express care for others. It defines three main types of relationships: family, friends, and partnerships. It emphasizes showing love through acts of service, spending quality time together, expressing gratitude, and resolving conflicts respectfully. Healthy relationships require traits like honesty, kindness, respect and responsibility. The document provides guidance on maintaining strong relationships and tips for communicating care through notes, gifts, and shared experiences.
The document discusses various topics related to love, attraction, and intimate relationships. It defines different types of love, such as passionate love (infatuation), companionate love, and Lee's six styles of loving. It also discusses factors that influence who we fall in love with, such as proximity, similarity, reciprocity, and physical attractiveness from an evolutionary perspective. Additionally, it covers the neurochemical processes involved in attraction and falling in love, and distinguishes between authentic versus inauthentic love in relationships.
This document discusses various types and aspects of relationships. It defines what constitutes a relationship and differentiates between close relationships and interpersonal attraction. It also describes voluntary vs involuntary relationships and different types of marriages. The document then discusses theories of love, including styles of love according to Plato and Aristotle and Sternberg's triangular theory of love. It analyzes factors that influence interpersonal attraction such as proximity, exposure, familiarity, similarity and physical attractiveness. Finally, it discusses evolutionary theories of love as attachment, caregiving and sexual attraction.
This document discusses personal relationships and provides definitions and information about different types of relationships. It defines relationships, love, commitment, attraction, and responsibility. It then provides true/false statements about relationships and lists the most common relationship problems. Finally, it discusses why relationships are important for health, lists tips for nurturing relationships, and provides 10 rules for finding love and creating lasting relationships.
Interpersonal attraction refers to positive feelings about another person. It can take many forms, including liking, love, friendship, lust, and admiration.Many factors influence whom people are attracted to. They include physical attractiveness,
proximity, similarity, and reciprocity:
This document summarizes key aspects of social and personality development in early and middle adulthood. In early adulthood, intimacy and relationships are a focus as people seek partners. Happiness comes from independence, competence and relationships. In middle adulthood, generativity vs. stagnation involves guiding younger generations. Marital satisfaction follows a U-shape, declining after marriage but increasing as children leave home. Divorce rates are higher for second marriages. The "sandwich generation" cares for children and aging parents simultaneously.
love is "an intense feeling of deep affection." Meanwhile, Urban Dictionary defines love as, "The act of caring and giving to someone else. Having someone's best interest and wellbeing as a priority in your life. To truly love is a very selfless act."
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This document discusses different types of personal relationships that adolescents form, including family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. It notes that belongingness and forming relationships are important for human survival and development. During adolescence, teens develop social skills and form their identity through relationships. Family relationships are important for forming other relationships and provide guidance. Friendships are based on trust, respect, and care. Romantic relationships involve attraction and being in love, and require communication, understanding and trust to be successful. The document provides guidance on maintaining healthy relationships.
This chapter discusses intimacy within partnerships and families. It defines intimacy as a feeling of closeness that develops through communication. It explores different types of intimacy, like marital and family intimacy, and factors that influence intimacy, such as commitment, self-disclosure, communication, and sexuality. The chapter also examines barriers to intimacy like fears, deception, and jealousy. Overall, it emphasizes that effort, sacrifice, forgiveness and open communication are needed to develop intimacy within relationships.
The document discusses acceptable and unacceptable ways of expressing attraction in relationships, including maintaining mutual respect, trust, and honesty in healthy relationships. It also covers the concepts of attraction, love, and commitment, explaining factors like physical attractiveness, proximity, and reciprocity that can lead to attraction between individuals. The document provides guidance on developing responsibility in relationships and the roles of leaders and followers in society.
Love is a complex and multi-faceted emotion that can be difficult to define precisely. It is generally characterized by feelings of affection, caring, and attachment towards someone or something. Love can manifest in various forms, including romantic love, familial love, and platonic love.
Romantic love is typically associated with intense feelings of desire, attraction, and intimacy toward a romantic partner. Familial love refers to the deep bonds of affection and care that exist between family members, while platonic love often involves intense feelings of friendship and camaraderie.
Love can be a powerful motivator, inspiring individuals to act selflessly and with great kindness toward others. It can also bring great joy and happiness, but can also be a source of pain and heartbreak when it is unrequited or not reciprocated in the way one desire.
In short, love is a complex and multifaceted emotion deeply intertwined with human experience and relationships.
His Secret Obsession" is a term that refers to a book by James Bauer, a relationship coach, and author. The book is a guide for women who want to understand men better and improve their relationships by tapping into their partner's "hero instinct."
According to the book, the hero instinct is a biological drive within men that compels them to provide for and protect the people they care about. By understanding and appealing to this instinct, women can create deeper emotional connections with their partners and inspire them to become more invested in the relationship.
The book suggests various techniques and strategies for implementing this approach, such as using "power phrases" that trigger a man's hero instinct, creating a sense of mystery and intrigue, and showing appreciation for his efforts.
It is important to note, however, that every relationship is unique, and what works for one couple may not work for another. Additionally, while understanding your partner's needs and desires is important, it is equally important to prioritize your own needs and boundaries in any relationship.
Researchers must carefully screen data before conducting statistical analysis to address issues that could impact results. This involves evaluating accuracy, assessing effects of missing or outlier data, and determining if the data fits assumptions. Specifically, researchers should check for errors, missing patterns, extreme outliers, normality, linear relationships, and equal variability across values. Addressing these quality issues through data screening allows researchers to have confidence in their analysis and conclusions drawn from the data.
This document summarizes physical, cognitive, and health changes that occur in late adulthood. It discusses how both the young-old (65-84 years old) and oldest-old (85+ years old) are affected differently, with the oldest-old facing greater declines. Key changes include losses in brain and muscle mass, poorer vision and hearing, increased risk of chronic diseases, and slower processing speed and divided attention. However, lifestyle factors like exercise, nutrition, and mental stimulation can help maximize functioning and well-being in late life.
This document discusses emerging adulthood, which refers to the transition period from adolescence to adulthood between ages 18-25. It describes key features of emerging adulthood including identity explorations, instability, self-focus, feeling "in-between" adolescence and adulthood, and maintaining an optimistic view of future possibilities. Physical and health-related changes during this period are also outlined such as declining physical performance after age 30, increased health risks, issues around weight and eating habits, benefits of regular exercise, and risks of substance abuse. Sexual development including attitudes, behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections are also covered.
1. The document discusses physical, motor, sensory, cognitive, and social-emotional development in infancy. It covers topics like brain growth, motor milestones, visual perception, object permanence, learning and memory.
2. Key aspects of development include rapid physical growth, emergence of reflexes and motor skills like grasping and sitting, developing senses like vision and hearing, cognitive stages in Piaget's theory, and learning through interaction and exploration.
3. The development of skills and understanding in these domains from birth to age 2 is influenced by both biological maturation and environmental experiences with caregivers.
This document provides an introduction to the study of human development across the lifespan. It discusses key concepts like development, lifespan perspective, influences on development, benefits of studying development, periods of development, patterns of aging, and theories of development. Research methods covered include observation, tasks, self-reports, physiological measures, correlation research, and experimentation. Approaches include cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cohort effects. The document emphasizes that development is shaped by biological, psychological, social and individual factors interacting across the lifespan.
Feminist therapy challenges male-oriented assumptions about mental health and emphasizes understanding oppression and social justice. It views clients' problems in social contexts and aims to affect both individual and social change through egalitarian partnerships between therapist and client. Key concepts include considering gender socialization and taking multicultural, lifespan, and interactionist perspectives. Principles involve recognizing personal issues as political and valuing marginalized voices to understand how repression and inequities negatively impact people. The goals are to empower clients and facilitate social transformation.
Paraphilias are sexual interests or behaviors that deviate from normal sexuality. They range from mild (e.g. role playing) to severe (e.g. child abuse). A paraphilic disorder is diagnosed if the interests cause distress or impairment. Treatments include SSRIs, antiandrogens, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and addressing criminogenic needs and personal goals. The document provides examples of paraphilic disorders and discusses their etiology, epidemiology, and treatment options.
This document discusses somatic symptom disorders, sexual dysfunctions, and gender dysphoria. It defines somatic symptom disorders as having an excessive response to physical symptoms that are medically unexplained. Specific disorders discussed include somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, and conversion disorder. Treatment involves cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication management. Sexual dysfunctions involve problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain. Causes can be biological, psychological or sociocultural. Treatment involves sensate focus exercises, medication, and surgery in some cases. Gender dysphoria is discomfort from a mismatch between gender identity and biological sex. Causes may involve brain sex differentiation; treatment involves hormone therapy, surgery, and psychosocial support.
The document discusses various anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attacks, agoraphobia, specific phobias, separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, and social anxiety disorder. It describes the key symptoms, typical duration, potential causes, differential diagnoses, and common treatments for each disorder. Fear and anxiety are adaptive responses but can become maladaptive in certain disorders. The disorders are classified and diagnosed based on the DSM-5.
This document discusses organizational culture, defining it as the shared beliefs and traditions among individuals in an organization. It presents models of organizational culture, including the iceberg model showing visible and invisible elements. Frameworks are introduced for categorizing organizational culture based on structure/strategic focus and dominant attributes. Managing organizational culture involves crafting it strategically to support vision/mission and taking years to train employees on desired values to internalize the culture.
Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear, worry, and physical symptoms. Generalized anxiety disorder involves persistent and excessive worry about daily life. Panic disorder involves unexpected panic attacks along with fear of future attacks. Specific phobias involve irrational fears of specific objects or situations. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders involve obsessions and compulsions that cause distress, such as obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors in OCD. Body dysmorphic disorder involves preoccupation with an imagined physical defect. Hoarding disorder involves difficulty discarding possessions due to strong emotional attachment. Treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, and medication.
The document discusses important qualities and skills for counselors. It states that authenticity and the ability to form relationships are important for effective therapy. Personal factors like being emotionally stable and having self-awareness also impact outcomes. Counselors must be aware of their own values and not impose them on clients. Developing cultural competence requires understanding different worldviews. Issues like managing anxiety, countertransference, and self-care are discussed for beginning counselors.
This document provides an overview of the historical conceptions of abnormal behavior from ancient to modern times. It discusses views from the supernatural, biological, psychological, psychoanalytic, humanistic, and behaviorist traditions. The biological tradition viewed disorders through humoral theory and treatments like bloodletting. The psychological tradition emphasized moral therapy. Psychoanalysis explored the unconscious and defense mechanisms. Modern approaches take an integrative scientific perspective.
George Kelly developed Personal Construct Theory, which views individuals as scientists who develop personal constructs to make sense of and anticipate events. According to Kelly, people interpret events through transparent patterns they create. Constructs are organized in a system and are bipolar in nature. Through experience, people validate or change their constructs. Kelly developed techniques like role therapy to change people's constructs and improve their ability to predict events. He viewed humans as both determined and having free will. Kelly's theory focuses on how people construe themselves and others.
Raymond Cattell developed a structure-based systems theory of personality. He believed personality could be studied objectively and quantitatively through factor analysis. Cattell identified 16 source traits that he believed made up personality, which could be grouped into 5 second-order factors including extraversion, anxiety, tough-mindedness, independence, and self-control. Cattell's theory analyzed both hereditary and environmental influences on personality development across the lifespan. He also explored abnormal personality through concepts like neurosis and psychosis. Cattell developed various assessment methods and theoretical constructs to organize, explain, and predict human behavior.
This document outlines the key steps and concepts involved in hypothesis testing. It discusses identifying the population and assumptions, stating the null and research hypotheses, determining critical values, calculating test statistics, making conclusions, and defining type I and type II errors. It also covers interval estimates, effect sizes, and statistical power.
The document provides instructions for using various statistical analyses and tests in IBM's SPSS software. It discusses how to perform descriptive analyses, summarize data, check assumptions, conduct t-tests, ANOVA, correlations, regressions and other inferential analyses. It also provides guidance on interpreting outputs and reporting results from SPSS analyses.
Statistics is the science of data gathering and analysis. It involves collecting data, analyzing it, and interpreting results to infer information about a population based on a sample. There are different scales of measurement for data, such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Frequency distributions organize data by categories and show how often each occurs. Measures of central tendency like the mean, median, and mode describe the center of a distribution. Measures of variability like range and standard deviation describe how spread out the scores are. Normal distributions and standard scores are commonly used in statistics. Correlation measures the relationship between variables while regression predicts relationships between variables.
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The notion of Dwayne Johnson kidnapping seems straight out of a Hollywood thriller. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, known for his larger-than-life persona, immense popularity. and action-packed filmography, is the last person anyone would envision being a victim of kidnapping. Yet, the bizarre and riveting tale of such an incident, filled with twists and turns. has captured the imagination of many. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of this astonishing event. exploring every aspect, from the dramatic rescue operation to the aftermath and the lessons learned.
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
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2. What is Love?
Love takes many forms. Love exists between parent
and child and between family members. Love
between friends involves concern for the other’s
well-being. Lovers may experience two additional
types of love: passionate love and compassionate
love.
3. Passionate Love
• It is also known as romantic love or infatuation
• It is a state of extreme absorption with and desire for another.
• It is characterized by intense feelings of tenderness, elation, anxiety, sexual
desire, and ecstasy.
• Generalized physiological arousal, including increased heartbeat,
perspiration, blushing, and stomach churning along with a feeling of great
excitement, often accompanies this form of love.
• Passionate love is the all-encompassing, earth sharing love of movies,
songs, and poetry also referred to as romantic love, infatuation, puppy
love, and obsessive love.
4. Compassionate Love
• It has a less intense emotion than passionate love.
• It is characterized by friendly affection and a deep attachment that is based on extensive
familiarity with the loved one.
• It involves a thoughtful appreciation of one’s partner.
• Companionate love often encompasses a tolerance for another’s shortcomings along with
a desire to overcome difficulties and conflicts in a relationship.
• This kind of love is committed to ongoing nurturing of a partnership.
• In short, companionate love is often enduring, whereas passionate love is almost always
transitory
• It can be difficult to evolve from romantic to companionate love due to models of love in
the media.
5. Love and Sex
• Sex in a compassionate relationship typically reflects feelings associated
with familiarity, especially the security of knowing what pleases the other.
This foundation of knowledge and sexual trust can encourage
experimentation and subtle communication. Sexual pleasure strengthens
the overall bond of a compassionate relationship. Although sex is usually
less exciting than in passionate love, it is often experienced as richer, more
meaningful, and more deeply satisfying.
• If a relationship is to continue, romantic love must develop into
companionate or conjugal love, which involves feelings of deep affection,
attachments, intimacy, and ease with the partner. Companionate love
includes the development of trust, loyalty, a lack of criticalness, and a
willingness to sacrifice for the partner.
6. Love at First Sight?
• Studies show that, at least among young,
predominantly white college students, men
are more likely to believe in love at first
sight. They are also more likely to believe
true love comes only once, lasts forever,
and overcomes obstacles such as religious
differences
• Partners who believe in “love at first sight”
become romantically involved more quickly
and have partners with less similar
personalitoes than those who don’t believe
in love at first sight (Barelds & Barelds-
Dukstra, 2007).
7. Falling in Love
Love is a complex human emotion that can be
explained, at least in part, by various psychosocial
interpretations of its origins. However, the answer
to why we fall in love also encompasses, to some
degree, complex neurochemical processes that
occur in our brains when we are attracted to
another person.
8. Chemistry of Love
• People caught up in the intense passion of blooming love often
report feeling swept away or feeling a kind of natural high.
• Such reactions might have a basis, at least, in part, in brain
chemistry. The initial elation and the energizing “high” that is
characteristic of passionate love result from surging levels of
three key brain chemicals: norepinephrine, dopamine, and
phenlethylamine.
• These chemicals are called neurotransmitters and allow our
brains cells to communicate with each other, and they are
chemically similar to amphetamine drugs; thus, they produce
amphetamine-like effects, such as euphoria, giddiness, and
elation.
9. Chemistry of Love
• The amphetamine-like highs and elevated sexual
arousal associated with new love typically do not
last—perhaps in part because the body eventually
develops a tolerance to phenlethylamine and related
neurotransmitters, just as it does to amphetamines.
With time, our brain simply becomes unable to keep
up with the demand for more and more
phenlethylamine to produce love’s special kick. Thus,
the highs that we feel at the beginning of a
relationship eventually diminish. This observation
provides a plausible biological explanation for why
passionate or romantic love is short-lived.
10. Chemistry of Love
• The continued progression from infatuation
to the deep attachment characteristc of
long-term loving rela4onships results, at least
in part, from the brain gradually stepping up
production of another set of
neurotransmitters called endorphins. This
morphine like, pain-blunting chemicals are
soothing substances that help produce a
sense of euphoria, security, tranquil, and
peace. Thus, they can cause us to feel good
when we are with a loved partner
• This could be another reason why
abandoned lovers feel so terrible after their
loss: they are deprived of their daily dose of
feel-good chemicals
11. Factors Affecting Love
Proximity
• Although people often overlook proximity, or geographic nearness, in listing factors that
attracted them to a particular person, proximity is on e of the most important variables. We
often develop close relationships with people whom we see frequently in our neighborhood, in
school, or at work.
• Social psychologists have offered a number of plausible explanations. One is simply that
familiarity breeds liking or loving. Research has shown that when we are repeatedly exposed to
novel stimuli— unfamiliar musical selections, works of art, human face, and so on—our liking for
such stimuli increases. Well, same is the case with people we see frequently.
• Another reasons why proximity influences whom we are attracted to is that people often meet
each other in locations where they are engaging in activities that reflect common interests. Work
and school are especially prevalent places where people connect with future in4mate partners.
These environments proved opportunities for repeated contacts. Many of us are reluctant to
initiate a relationship the first time or two we meet or interact with another person. However, at
work or in class, we come
12. Factors Affecting Love
Similarity
• Similarity is also influential in determining with whom we fall in love. Contrary to the old adage
that opposites attract, people who fall in love often share common beliefs, values, attitudes,
interests, and intellectual abilities. We also tend to pair romantically with people whose level of
physical attractiveness is similar to our own. This tendency to match physical attractiveness with
a partner might be related to our fear of being rejected if we approach someone whom we
perceive to be much more attractive than ourselves. We also tend to be attracted to people who
are similar to us in age, educational status, religious affiliation, personality characteristics, and
race and ethnicity.
13. Factors Affecting Love
Reciprocity
• Still another factor drawing us to a particular individual is our perception that the person is
interested in us. People tend to react positively to flattery, compliments, and other expressions of
liking and affection. This idea that we tend to respond kindly to others when they express liking
or love towards us is called reciprocity. Reciprocity can set in motion a further escalation of the
relationship: by responding warmly to people who we believe feel positively toward us, we often
induce them to like us even more. Furthermore, our sense of self-‐esteem is affected by the
extent to which we feel attached to and like by others. Knowing that someone likes us increases
our sense of belonging or being socially integrated in a rela4onship and hence bolsters our self-
‐esteem.
14. Factors Affecting Love
Physical Attractivenesss
• Despite the saying that beauty is only skin deep, experiments have shown that physically
attractive people are more likely to be sought as friends and lovers and to be perceived as more
likeable, interesting, sensitive, poised, happy, sexy, competent, and socially skilled than people of
average or unattractive appearance
• We all enjoy looking a something or someone whom we consider beautiful. Another factor is
that many people tend to believe that beautiful people have more to offer in terms of desirable
personal qualities than those who are less attractive. We might also be attracted to beautiful
people because they offer us the possibility of status through association. And perhaps beautiful
people, by virtue of having been treated well by others over the course of their lives, are secure
and comfortable with themselves, a fact that can translate into especially sa4sfying relationships
with others. Finally, evidence shows that people consider physical beauty an indicator of health
and that, other things being equal, we are attracted to healthy people.
15. Maintaining a Relationship
Satisfaction
Human relationships, in general, present many
challenges. One challenge involves building positive
feelings about ourselves. Another involves establishing
satisfying and enjoyable relationships with family,
peers, teachers, coworkers, employers, and other
people in our social network. A third challenge involves
developing special intimate relationships with friends,
and when we want them, sexual relationships. Finally
many people confront the challenge of maintaining
satisfaction and love within an ongoing committed
relationship.
16. Maintaining a Relationship
Satisfaction
Ingredients commonly present in a lasting love
relationship include self-acceptance, acceptance
by one’s partner, appreciation of one another,
commitment, good communication, realistic
expectations, shared interests, equality in
decision making, and the ability to face conflict
effectively. These characteristics are not static;
they evolve and change and influence one
another over time. Often they need to
deliberately cultivated.
17. Maintaining a Relationship
Satisfaction
Maintaining frequent positive interactions is crucial
to continued satisfaction in a relationship. The saying
“It’s the little things that count” is especially
meaningful here. When one partner says to the
other “You do not love me anymore,” that often
means “You are not doing as many things as you
used to do that show me you love me.” These
behaviors are often small that the partners may not
really notice them. However, when couples do fewer
things to make one another feel loved, or when they
stop doing them entirely, the deficit is often
experienced as a lack of love. Continuing affection
and considerate interaction helps maintain a feeling
love.
18. Sexual Variety
Another important ingredient to preserving a
satisfying relationship might be sexual variety.
Many people have a strong desire to seek
variety in life’s experiences. They might
acquire an assortment of friends, each of
whom provides a unique enrichment to their
lives. Likewise, the might read different kinds
of books, pursue a variety of recreational
activities, eat different kinds of foods, and
take a variety of classes. Yet many of these
same people settle for routine in their sex
lives
19. Sexual Variety
Many people are quite comfortable with
established routines and have no desire to
change them. However, if you prefer to
develop more variety in your sexual
relationship, communication is critical. Talk to
your partner about your needs and feelings.
Share with him or her your desire to try
something different.
20. Sexual Variety
Even though time inevitably erodes the novelty
of a relationships, the resulting decline of
passion can be countered by introducing novelty
into patterns of sexual sharing. This can be
accomplished by avoiding routine times and
places. Instead of doing it in the same place and
at the same time, make love in places other than
the bed (on the laundry room floor, in the
shower, alongside a nature trail), and at various
times (in the morning, at noon, or in the middle
of the night when you wake up feeling sexually
aroused).
21. Sexual Variety
Some of the most exciting sexual experiences take place
on the spur of the moment, with little or no planning. It is
easy to see how such experiences might frequently
during courtship. It is equally apparent how they can
become distant memories after a couple settles into the
demanding daily schedule of living together.
Nevertheless, you may find that striving to maintain this
spontaneity will stand you in good stead as your
relationship is nurtured over months and years together.
On the other hand, planning for intimate time—sexual
and nonsexual—can also help maintain closeness. Make
dates with one another and consciously continue the
romantic gestures that came naturally early in the
relationship. Commit your energy and time to your sexual
relationship.
22. Sexual Variety
Do not let questions of what is “normal” get in the way of an
enriched and varied erotic life. Too often, people refrain from
experiencing something new because they believe that different
activities are “abnormal.” In reality, only you can judge what is
normal for you. Sexologists concur that any sexual activity as long as
it gives pleasure and does not cause emotional or physical
discomfort of harm to either partner. Emotional comfort is important
because discomfort and conflict rather than intimacy and satisfaction
can result if behaviors are tried too divergent from personal values
and attitudes.
Some partners find comfort and contentment in repeating familiar
patterns of sexual interaction. Others consider sex relatively
unimportant compared with other aspects of their lives and choose
not to exert special efforts in pursuing its pleasures.
23. Darker Side of Love
1) Jealousy
2) Compulsiveness-being in love can produce a sense of ecstasy, euphoria,
and a feeling of well‐being, much like a powerful drug. Researchers Peele
and Brodsky (1976) suggest that love addiction is more common than
most believe and that it is based on a continuation of an adolescent view
of love that is never replaced as the person matures.
3)Possessiveness- Trying to manipulate the partner in attempts to feel
worthy is a sign of low self‐esteem and can lead to stalking May require
help from a mental health professional. Abusive love relationships exist
when one partner tries to increase his or her own sense of self-worth or
control the other’s behavior through withdrawing or manipulating love.
Possessiveness indicates a problem of self-esteem and personal
boundaries and can eventually lead to stalking. Thinking about another
person with that level of obsession is a sign of a serious psychological
problem, one that should be brought to the attention of a mental health
professional.