The document discusses various topics related to gender, sexuality, and relationships. It begins by defining key terms like gender, sexuality, and psychosocial. It then discusses three psychological domains - affective, behavior, and cognition. It explores concepts like self-awareness, intimacy, socialization, and different types of love. Specifically, it outlines Sternberg's triangular theory of love and describes the primary types (eros, ludus, storge) and secondary types (agape, mania, pragma) of love. It also discusses Chapman's five love languages - words of affirmation, quality time, physical touch, acts of service, and receiving gifts.

1. Gender and
Society
Pedro A. Arongat, PhD
Professor
Gender and Sexuality as
Psychosocial Issue

2. What does psychosocial Mean?
Psychological- pertains to anything
associated with mental process and behavior
Social- pertains to anything associated with
human relationships, connection and
interaction.

3. The psychology of gender and sexuality
anchors itself on the field of psychology.
Psychology is the field of science which
concerns itself with how people think and feel
and how thoughts interact and lead to
behavior

4. 3 Psychological domains
Affective Domain- pertains to people’s
emotion and feelings
Behavior- People’s actions
Cognition- people’s thought processes such
as memory, perception, and information
processing

5. Self-awareness
"Self-awareness is the ability to focus on yourself and how your
actions, thoughts, or emotions do or don't align with your internal
standards.
If you're highly self-aware, you can objectively evaluate yourself,
manage your emotions, align your behavior with your values, and
understand correctly how others perceive you."

6. Two states of self-awareness
• Public self-awareness: Being aware of how we can appear to
others. Because of this consciousness, we are more likely to
adhere to social norms and behave in ways that are socially
acceptable.
• While there are benefits to this type of awareness, there is also
the danger of tipping into self-consciousness. Those who are
especially high in this trait may spend too much time worrying
about what others think of them.

7. • Private self-awareness: Being able to notice and reflect on one’s
internal state. Those who have private self-awareness are
introspective, approaching their feelings and reactions with
curiosity.
• For example, you may notice yourself tensing up as you are
preparing for an important meeting. Noticing the physical
sensations and correctly attributing them to your anxiety about
the meeting would be an example of private self-awareness.

8. Intimacy and relationship
Human relationship –a bond formed between
two or more people, manifested through
communication and interaction.
Intimacy- the process of knowing others and
allowing others to know us.

9. Socialization
Socialization is a process that introduces people to social norms and customs.
This process helps individuals function well in society, and, in turn, helps
society run smoothly. Family members, teachers, religious leaders, and peers
all play roles in a person's socialization.
This process typically occurs in two stages: Primary socialization takes place
from birth through adolescence, and secondary socialization continues
throughout one's life. Adult socialization may occur whenever people find
themselves in new circumstances, especially those in which they interact
with individuals whose norms or customs differ from theirs.

10. Purpose of Socialization
During socialization, a person learns to become a member of a group,
community, or society. This process not only accustoms people to social
groups but also results in such groups sustaining themselves.
On a macro level, socialization ensures that we have a process through which
the norms and customs of society are transmitted. Socialization teaches
people what is expected of them in a particular group or situation; it is
a form of social control.

11. Socialization has numerous goals for youth and
adults alike. It teaches children to control their
biological impulses, such as using a toilet instead
of wetting their pants or bed. The socialization
process also helps individuals develop a
conscience aligned with social norms and
prepares them to perform various roles.

12. Love, intimacy,
and relationship

13. Color wheel of Love

14. Primary types of love
Within this category of primary types of love, we will find three kinds of love.
These are the base for the secondary types. You could compare this module
to the three basic colors (yellow, blue and red), when combined in different
ways, the rest of the colors come out as a result.
The three basic types of love being: Eros, Ludus and Storge. When these
three are combined the secondary types of love emerge.

15. Eros
• Eros was the son of Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Eros is passion, erotic
and sexual and is also linked to the modern ‘romantic love‘.
• The level of intensity with this type of love is high, it is based on chemistry,
pheromones and instinct.
• Falling in love, having the urge to share with our partner, to strengthen the
bond and the amount of intimacy we have. This is being reinforced by the
feelings of lust and love.

16. • The traits which belong to Eros according to Lee are:
– In search for sexual adventures and variety
– Feels ready for the risks accompanied by love
– Partners are often strangers in the beginning which evokes excitement
– The relationship can be exclusive but not possessive
– The relationship is based on a strong physical and emotional connection

17. Ludus
• Also called childish or playful love, Ludus comes from the Greek word
game. It is seeing and interpreting love as a game. Imagine a night out at a
bar when you find someone who you can fool around.
• With Ludus comes flirtatious behavior. Sex is seen as a sport, a way to be
kept entertained. Most definitely not looking for commitment, having fun is
the main motivator. As long as there are no strings attached and the
relationship is uncomplicated, it is fine. Yet, it can be often chased away if
the partner wants to get too intimate.

18. • The traits which belong to Ludus are:
– Can have multiple partners at the same time
– No intentions of falling in love
– Sex is being seen as a sport or fun, one night stands, without emotional
connections
– When things get too serious tends to show the urge to quit the relationship

19. Storge
• Storge is the Greek word for natural affection, family love or the love
between friends. This type of love is highly affectionate. The bond between
parent and child. There is strong necessities for loyalty, ‘Blood is thicker
than water’.
• Within Storge there are many responsibilities, duties and entitlements.
Giving the feeling of security in time of need. Within relationships, Eros can
be transformed into Storge. This change we see when a relationship tends
to be a long lasting one and the lover also truly become friends.

20. • Traits that belong to Storge are:
– Not based on sexual desires
– Quietly possessive yet not overly jealous
– Has trust and loyalty as its foundation

21. The secondary types of love
These are combination between the primary types of love.
Eros + Storge = Agape
Eros + Ludus = Mania
Ludus + Storge = Pragma

22. Agape
• Selfless, universal and unconditional love. When Agape love arises within a
relationship, the couple is ready to face the most difficult obstacles. The
relationship is based on an unbreakable commitment and the love is
unconditional. Agape lovers see their partners as a blessing and will be
willing to go to far lengths for their partners.
• Agape love can also arise when you are passionate about something. For
instance, charity work and helping strangers, love for nature and the love
for religion or spirituality are this type of love.

23. The different traits for Agape according to Lee
– Can put needs of partner before own
– Highly devoted, but neither jealous nor obsessive
– Shows unselfish and altruistic behavior

24. Mania
• Mania is characterized by extreme high and lows. A relationship you can
compare to a roller coaster. In many ways it can be stated to the opposite
of Agape. Wanting to love in extremes and continuously looking for
reassurance from their partners. They have the feeling of ‘needing’ their
partner. Mania lovers can become obsessive, jealous and possessive or the
complete opposite, extremely distant and reluctant.

25. • Recognizable traits for Mania are:
• – The line becomes very thin between passionate and obsessive
– Expecting to get hurt and feeling anxious about falling in love
– Forces partner into showing how they feel towards them, forcing
affection and emotion
– Quickly becomes overwhelmed when thinking of their partner, expecting
the worse
– When relationship ends, the lost love is all a person can think of

26. Pragma
• Pragma is the practical and compatible love, convenience over romance.
Passion and emotion take a step back and logic takes over. Important needs
and desires get the priority.
• To accomplish this, Pragma lovers look at the background of their potential
partners. Education, financial capabilities, religious believes and social
status all play a role.

27. • Recognizable traits for Pragma are:
• – Have their preferable types for potential partners
– Work with ‘pro and con’ lists before making a move
– Every step is highly thought through
– Believe compatibility can lead to very happy lives

28. One type of love that is not mentioned by Lee
but most definitely is a kind of love we come
across quite often, is Philautia. This is self-love.
Under this category, we measure self-esteem,
our own worth, our cognitive state and our self-
confidence.

30. • Intimacy: the closeness each partner feels to the
other and the strength of the bond that binds
them together. Partners high in intimacy like,
value and understand their partners.
• Passion: based on romantic feelings, physical
attraction for and sexual intimacy with the
partner.
• Decision/Commitment: represents cognitive
factors such as acknowledging that one is in love
and has a commitment to maintaining the
relationships

32. 1. Liking in this case is not used in a trivial sense. Sternberg says that this
intimate liking characterizes true friendships, in which a person feels a
bondedness, a warmth, and a closeness with another but not intense passion
or long-term commitment.
2. Infatuated love is often what is felt as "love at first sight." But without the
intimacy and the commitment components of love, infatuated love may
disappear suddenly.
3. Empty love: Sometimes, a stronger love deteriorates into empty love, in
which the commitment remains, but the intimacy and passion have died. In
cultures in which arranged marriages are common, relationships often begin
as empty love.

33. 4. Romantic love: Romantic lovers are bonded emotionally (as in
liking) and physically through passionate arousal.
5. Companionate love is often found in marriages in which the
passion has gone out of the relationship, but a deep affection and
commitment remain. Companionate love is generally a personal
relation you build with somebody you share your life with, but with
no sexual or physical desire. It is stronger than friendship because
of the extra element of commitment. The love ideally shared
between family members is a form of companionate love, as is the
love between deep friends or those who spend a lot of time
together in any asexual but friendly relationship.

34. 6. Fatuous love can be exemplified by a whirlwind
courtship and marriage in which a commitment is
motivated largely by passion, without the stabilizing
influence of intimacy.
7. Consummate love is the complete form of love,
representing the ideal relationship toward which many
people strive but which apparently few achieve. Sternberg
cautions that maintaining a consummate love may be
even harder than achieving it.

35. What Are the Five Love Languages?

36. • Chapman's book "The 5 Love Languages" was first published in 1992. Before writing the
book, Chapman began to notice patterns in couples he was counseling. He realized that
the couples were misunderstanding each other's needs.
• That led him to come up with five love languages, or ways that people in relationships
express love. They are:
• Words of affirmation
• Quality time
• Physical touch
• Acts of service
• Receiving gifts

37. Words of Affirmation
•"Words of affirmation" is about expressing affection
through spoken words, praise, or appreciation. When this
is someone's primary love language, they enjoy kind words
and encouragement, uplifting quotes, love notes, and cute
text messages. You can make this person's day
by complimenting them or pointing out what they do well.

38. Quality Time
Someone with this love language wants
undivided attention. They feel loved if you are
present and focused on them when you are
together. This means putting down the cell
phone, turning off the computer, making eye
contact, and actively listening.

39. Physical Touch
A person with physical touch as their primary love language
feels love through physical affection. Aside from sex, they
feel loved when their partner holds their hand, touches
their arm, or gives them a massage at the end of the day,
for example. This person's idea of a perfect date might
include cuddling on the couch with a glass of wine and a
good movie. They simply want to be close to their partner
physically.

40. Acts of Service
Acts of service are nice things you do for your partner that make them feel
loved and appreciated, such as:
• Helping with the dishes
• Running errands
• Vacuuming
• Putting gas in the car
If your partner's main love language is acts of service, they'll notice and
appreciate little things you do for them. They tend to perform acts of service
and kindness for others, too.

41. Receiving Gifts
• For someone who uses and responds to this love language, gift-giving indicates
love and affection. They treasure not only the gift itself but also the time and
effort the gift-giver put into it.
• People who enjoy receiving gifts as part of their primary love language do not
necessarily expect large or expensive presents; it's more the effort and
thoughtfulness behind the gift that count.
• When you take the time to pick out a gift specifically for them, it tells them you
really know them. People with this love language can often remember every little
gift they have received from their loved ones because it makes such an impact on
them.

72. Thank you!