Paraphilias are sexual interests or behaviors that deviate from normal sexuality. They range from mild (e.g. role playing) to severe (e.g. child abuse). A paraphilic disorder is diagnosed if the interests cause distress or impairment. Treatments include SSRIs, antiandrogens, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and addressing criminogenic needs and personal goals. The document provides examples of paraphilic disorders and discusses their etiology, epidemiology, and treatment options.
Sexual Disorders
Sexuality
One of the most personal area of life. Each of us is sexual being with preferences and fantasies that may surprise or even shock us from time to time. Usually these are part of normal sexual functioning. But when our fantasies or desire begin to affect or other in unwanted or harmful ways, they begin to qualify as abnormal.
For perspective, we begin by briefly describing norms and healthy sexual behavior. Then we consider two forms of sexual problems: sexual dysfunctioning and paraphilias.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Consider contemporary Western worldviews that inhibition of sexual expression causes problems. Contrast this with nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century views that excess was culprit; in particular excessive masturbation in childhood was widely believe to lead to sexual problems in adulthood. Von Krafft-Ebing (1902) postulated that early masturbation damage the sexual organs and exhausted a finite reservoir of sexual energy, resulting in diminishing ability to function sexually in adulthood. Even in adulthood, excessive sexual activity was thought to underlie problems such us erectile failure. The general Victorian view was that sexual appetite was dangerous and therefore had to be restrained.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Other changes over time have influence people attitudes and experiences of sexuality.
Aside from changes over time and across generation, culture influences attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. In some culture, sexuality is viewed as an important part of well-being and pleasure, wheras in others, sexuality is viewed as relevant only for procreation (Bhurga, Popelyuk & McMullen, 2010). Cultures also vary in their acceptance of variation in sexual behavior.
In other culture it is common to stigmatize same-gender sexual behavior. Clearly, we must keep varying cultural norms in mind as we study human sexual behavior.
Gender and Sexuality
Across wide range of indices, men reported more engagement in sexual thought and behavior that do women.
Compared to women, men report thinking about sex, masturbation, and desiring sex more often, as well as desiring more sexual partner and having more partners.
Beyond these differences in sex drive Peplau (2003) has described several other ways in which the genders tend to differ in sexuality. Women tend to be more ashamed of any flaws in their appearance than the men, and this shame can interfere with sexual satisfaction (Sanchez & Kiefer, 2007)
Gender and Sexuality
For women, sexual appears more closely tied to relationship status and social norms that for men (Baumeister, 200).
Among women with sexual symptoms, more than half believe their symptoms are caused by relationship problems (Nicholls, 2008).
Men are more likely to think about their sexuality in terms of power than are women (Andersen, et al. 1999).
Gender and Sexuality
There are many parallels in men’s and women’s sexuality.
Sexual Disorders
Sexuality
One of the most personal area of life. Each of us is sexual being with preferences and fantasies that may surprise or even shock us from time to time. Usually these are part of normal sexual functioning. But when our fantasies or desire begin to affect or other in unwanted or harmful ways, they begin to qualify as abnormal.
For perspective, we begin by briefly describing norms and healthy sexual behavior. Then we consider two forms of sexual problems: sexual dysfunctioning and paraphilias.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Consider contemporary Western worldviews that inhibition of sexual expression causes problems. Contrast this with nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century views that excess was culprit; in particular excessive masturbation in childhood was widely believe to lead to sexual problems in adulthood. Von Krafft-Ebing (1902) postulated that early masturbation damage the sexual organs and exhausted a finite reservoir of sexual energy, resulting in diminishing ability to function sexually in adulthood. Even in adulthood, excessive sexual activity was thought to underlie problems such us erectile failure. The general Victorian view was that sexual appetite was dangerous and therefore had to be restrained.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Other changes over time have influence people attitudes and experiences of sexuality.
Aside from changes over time and across generation, culture influences attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. In some culture, sexuality is viewed as an important part of well-being and pleasure, wheras in others, sexuality is viewed as relevant only for procreation (Bhurga, Popelyuk & McMullen, 2010). Cultures also vary in their acceptance of variation in sexual behavior.
In other culture it is common to stigmatize same-gender sexual behavior. Clearly, we must keep varying cultural norms in mind as we study human sexual behavior.
Gender and Sexuality
Across wide range of indices, men reported more engagement in sexual thought and behavior that do women.
Compared to women, men report thinking about sex, masturbation, and desiring sex more often, as well as desiring more sexual partner and having more partners.
Beyond these differences in sex drive Peplau (2003) has described several other ways in which the genders tend to differ in sexuality. Women tend to be more ashamed of any flaws in their appearance than the men, and this shame can interfere with sexual satisfaction (Sanchez & Kiefer, 2007)
Gender and Sexuality
For women, sexual appears more closely tied to relationship status and social norms that for men (Baumeister, 200).
Among women with sexual symptoms, more than half believe their symptoms are caused by relationship problems (Nicholls, 2008).
Men are more likely to think about their sexuality in terms of power than are women (Andersen, et al. 1999).
Gender and Sexuality
There are many parallels in men’s and women’s sexuality.
For sharing purposes. All on the focus on what are the common Sexual Disorders seen on the DSM-IV-TR, last 2011. Fully editable. Pictures seen in the presentation are from artists of DeviantArt and Google Search, Credits goes to them as well.
Be informed, and bedazzle the audience!
Sexual dysfunction or sexual malfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.It requires a person to feel extreme distress and interpersonal strain for a minimum of 6 months.
Persistent and intense distress about assigned gender or insistence that individual belongs to a different gender
Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics
For sharing purposes. All on the focus on what are the common Sexual Disorders seen on the DSM-IV-TR, last 2011. Fully editable. Pictures seen in the presentation are from artists of DeviantArt and Google Search, Credits goes to them as well.
Be informed, and bedazzle the audience!
Sexual dysfunction or sexual malfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.It requires a person to feel extreme distress and interpersonal strain for a minimum of 6 months.
Persistent and intense distress about assigned gender or insistence that individual belongs to a different gender
Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics
Sexual disorder - ICD10 gender identity disorders, disorders of sexual preference and sexual development and orientation disorders are listed under disorders of adult personality and behavior (f6), while sexual dysfunctions are listed under behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (f5).
It is a disturbances in the sexual desire.
This topic is meant for the study purpose, for the final year undergraduate Physiotherapy students, who are studying under The Tamilnadu Dr.MGR Medical University (Govt University).
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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2. What are
Paraphilias?
● These are sexual stimuli or
acts that are deviations
from normal sexual
behaviors, but are necessary
for some to experience
arousal and orgasm, to
which the client’s sexuality
appears to be restricted with
● It can range from nearly
normal behavior to behavior
that is destructive or hurtful
only to oneself or to
another.
● Paraphilia is clinically
significant if the person has
acted on these fantasies or
if it has caused marked
distress or
interpersonal/job-related
difficulties
3. What are
Paraphilias?
● If the client has not acted out
on their fantasies, we shall
omit a diagnosis of a
paraphilic disorder.
● The fantasies and their
behavioral manifestations
extend beyond the sexual
sphere to pervade people’s
lives.
● It ranges from mild (men
wearing women’s underwear,
consensual blindfolding, and
role playing) to severe
(sexually abusing children or
sadistic beating/cutting), and
clinicians must determine the
level of distress of harm that
warrants a diagnosis
4. DSM-5 Modifications
The DSM now made a clear distinction between
paraphilic interests and paraphilic disorders in order
to avoid pathologizing sexual preferences that are
not problematic. However, criticisms are due to
perceived lack of clarity underlying the categorization
of paraphilic disorders, unclear distinctions between
paraphilias and paraphilic disorders, and the use of
vague description of “recurrent and intense” in
describing the symptoms
5. Paraphilic
Disorders:
Courtship
Disorders
(abnormal activities
that are reminiscent
of courtship)
VOYEURISTIC DISORDER
➢ Recurrent and intense arousal from
observing an unsuspected person who is
naked, in the process of disrobing, or
engaging in sexual activity, as manifested
by fantasies, urges, or behaviors
EXHIBITIONISTIC DISORDER
➢ Recurrent and intense arousal from
exposing one’s genitals to an
unsuspecting person, as manifested by
fantasies, urges, or behaviors
FROTTEURISTIC DISORDER
➢ Recurrent and intense arousal from
touching or rubbing against a
nonconsenting person, as manifested by
fantasies, urges or behaviors
6. Paraphilic
Disorders:
Algolagnic
Disorders
(involves pain to
oneself or others)
SEXUAL MASOCHISM DISORDER
➢ Recurrent and intense arousal from the
act of being humiliated, being made to
suffer,, as manifested by fantasies, urges,
or behaviors
SEXUAL SADISM DISORDER
➢ Recurrent and intense arousal from the
physical or psychological suffering of
another person, as manifested by
fantasies, urges, or behaviors
7. Paraphilic
Disorders:
Anomalous
Activity/Target
Preferences
PEDOPHILIC DISORDER
➢ Recurrent and intense arousal involving sexual
activity with prepubescent children (13 or
younger), as manifested by fantasies, urges, or
behaviors
➢ The individual should be at least 16 years old and
at least 5 years older than the child or children
FETISHISTIC DISORDER
➢ Recurrent and intense arousal from the use of
nonliving objects or a highly specific focus on
nongenital body parts, as manifested by
fantasies, urges, or behaviors
➢ These objects are not limited to articles of
clothing in cross-dressing or devices that is
designed for tactile genital stimulation
TRANSVESTIC DISORDER
➢ Recurrent and intense arousal from
cross-dressing, as manifested by fantasies, urges
or behaviors
8. Epidemiology
● Paraphilias are practiced only by a small
percentage of population, but the
insistent, repetitive nature of the
disorder results in a high frequency of
such acts.
● It was suggested that the prevalence is
significantly higher than the number of
cases diagnosed.
● Peaks are at around ages 15 to 25
9. Epidemiology
● Legally identified cases:
○ Pedophilia is most common
○ Exhibitionists among children
○ Voyeurism may be apprehended, but the risk is
not great
○ Sadism comes with rape, brutality, and lust
murder
○ Excretory paraphilic disorders are scarcely
reported due to their consensual nature
○ Fetishists rarely become entangled with the
legal system
○ Transvestites are occassionally arrested
● Fetishism almost occur among men.
● Paraphilias seem to be largely male conditions
● DSM-5 suggests that diagnosis of paraphilias be
reserved for ages 18 and above
10. Etiology (Biological)
● The monoamines are implicated in both
paraphilic disorders and hypersexual behavior
● Prescription of dopamine agonists
● Multiple sclerosis, temporal lobe epilepsy,
brain lesions and brain tumors.
● Elevated levels of androgens
11. Etiology (Environmental
& Psychosocial)
● Classical conditioning due to the
simultaneous arousal to the presence of an
object
● Operant conditioning by means of evasion
from punishment
● Psychosocial history and comorbid problems
● Substance-abuse problems
● Early sexual problems
● Psychological difficulties and dissatisfaction
with life
12. Etiology (Environmental
& Psychosocial)
● Classical conditioning due to the
simultaneous arousal to the presence of an
object
● Operant conditioning by means of evasion
from punishment
● Psychosocial history and comorbid problems
● Substance-abuse problems
● Early sexual problems
● Psychological difficulties and dissatisfaction
with life
13. Treatment
● Individuals are reluctant to seek treatment:
○ They do not believe it is problematic
○ Embarrassment about unusual sexual activities
○ Their sexual activities are illegal
14. Biological
Treatments
● SSRIs influence the serotonergic pathway
● SSRIs may be used as a frontline treatment among juvenile
offenders
● Antiandrogens (Androgen Deprivation Therapy)
○ Effective to those who commit cases among nonconsenting
individuals.
● Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and Luteinizing
Hormone-Releasing Agonists
○ Paradoxically stimulates the hypothalamus to release
hormones until the down-regulation of the receptors
● Surgical castration is still performed, but human rights
consideration will lead to the discontinuation of the procedure
15. Psychosocial
Treatments
● Cognitive-Behavioral & Socio-Cognitive Models
○ Assess the risk of reoffending
○ Identify and match criminogenic needs
● Good Lives Model emphasizes the personal goals and
strengths and use these in motivating for positive
change
● Psychoeducation can be used in making clients
understand their problem such as an attempt to refute
the sexual myths and schemas clients are holding on to